Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. The History of England from the Earliest Times to the Norman Conquest. By Thomas Hodgkin, D.C.L. (Longmans & Co.) Roman invasion. WE have here the opening volume of 'The Political History of England,' in twelve volumes, now being issued under the direction of Dr. William Hunt and Mr. Reginald Lane Poole. Though the first in order of sequence, covering a period absolutely indefinite, and beginning at the supposed beginning of things, Dr. Hodgkin's volume has been anticipated in appearance by three volumes belonging to the same series. As but seven pages in all are devoted to the traces in Britain of Paleolithic and Neolithic man, the pre-Celtic stoneworker, and the Celtic workers in bronze and iron, the historic period may be held, perhaps, to begin with the Thus limited even, it covers something like a thousand years from the advent of Caesar to that of William the Conqueror. As is well said in the opening phrase of the second chapter, "Down to the middle of the first century before Christ the British Isles were scarcely more known to the civilized nations of Southern Europe than the North Pole is to the men of our own day.' Something more of credit has been attached to the early discoveries of the geographer and explorer Pythias, but nothing very definite is added to our knowledge of the first century before Christ, save the revelation, by the aid of Sir John Evans the numismatist, of the names of some few British chiefs or kings. Of the various conflicts, or such of them as can be traced, a good account is given; and the latest results of archæological research are brought to bear upon the records of Roman occupation. Of these the most obvious and the most significant consist of Roman labours in roadmaking. It is shown that the chief highways of the Romans, converging as most of them do to the town anciently named Londinium, coincide "in a remarkable manner with the main lines of our modern railroad communication." It is difficult to draw from this fact any very definite conclusion. In the sepulchral inscriptions which survive it is curious to find altars to gods bearing uncouth Celtic names, proving that "the Roman soldiers, like the Assyrian settlers in Palestine, wished to keep on good terms with the gods of the land." Still more curious is it to find on the bare hillside of Housesteads, in Northumberland, though broken and mutilated, all the emblems of Mithraic worship. On the strength of evidence largely negative it is decided that the Roman occupation was before all things military. How large a space is occupied in subsequent pages by the religious question needs not be mentioned, the ecclesiastical records of Bede being largely drawn upon. The fact that all writers of the period were ecclesiastics is of course explanatory of the importance attached to subjects of the kind. What is the opinion of the author as to the value of the Arthurian legends, regarded from an historical point of view, is shown by the exiguous amount of space (considerably less than a page) which is accorded to them. It is impossible to do justice to the value of the summary that is set before us, and difficult to convey an idea of the amount of information that is furnished. Ecclesiological Essays. By J. Wickham Legg, F.S.A.. (Moring.) THE new volume of "The Library of Liturgiology and Ecclesiology" is a collection of essays by one who is expert in all customs and questions among Anglicans, but many besides theologians will find matter of interest in Dr. Wickham Legg's papers. anise and Some we pass by as dealing with the cummin "of ceremonial, which seem to the average lay mind of slight importance. Much more interesting is the essay on Medieval Ceremonial,' in which Dr. Legg, himself a "ritualist" in the proper sense of the word, draws attention to the fact that the further we go back, the greater are the plainness and simplicity observable in the structure and furnishing of the altar. Even in the thirteenth century, which some have set up as the model of rites and ceremonies, we find no gradin or super altar," no flower-vases, no cross, no candle-sticks, no tabernacle," but a plain table covered' with a copious cloth, and everywhere a mediævall simplicity. The author brings out the curious fact that the official accounts of the coronation of our monarchs, down to that of Queen Victoria, are mere reproductions, with adaptations, of the procession plate which did service for the coronation of James II., with the groom of the vestry carrying a. perfuming pan (p. 239). Much curious antiquarian matter of historical interest is given in the chapter on wedding ceremonies as to the use of the ring and the veil. The book is sufficiently illustrated and beautifully printed. 66 Hora Subseciva. By John Brown, M D.-History and Literature of the Crusades. By Heinrich von Sybel. Edited by Lady Duff Gordon.-Life of St. Columba. By St. Adamnan. Translated by Wentworth Huyshe.- Words on Wellington. By Sir William Fraser, Bart.-The_Naturalist on the Amazons. By Henry Walter Bates. (Routledge. & Sons ) A CONSPICUOUS addition is made by these volumes to "The New Universal Library of Messrs. Routledge, in praise of which we have spoken very recently. In some respects, indeed, the series has. changed character and purpose. At the outset it. seemed virtually confined to the masterpieces of a generation ago-works which were the delight and the proud possession of our fathers, and by the simple passage of time had outlived all question of copyright and become accessible to the general public. To this class the best of the volumes belong, but other works, involving new and important labours on the part of living men, and copyright. consequently themselves, have been added. The first class includes what we consider the best of the later additions. Hora Subseciva is one of the most charming books of the last half century, and the author of Rab and his Friends' may almost be regarded as an English Oliver Wendell Holmes. The first series only of the Hore Subseciva have as yet been given. It contains the dog stories or descriptions from Rab and his Friends' to 'The Mystery of Black and Tan,' together with essays such as With Brains, Sir,' 'Notes on Art,' criticisms of Arthur H. Hallam, Henry Vaughan the Silurist, &c. For a second series we shall wait with some impatience, trusting that courage will be found to give us that fine and, so far as we know, unreprinted sketch The Kye was Coot' (we speak from memory). In the same class we may place The Naturalist on the Amazons,' a work first. · published in 1863, which did much to establish its author's high reputation. It is a record of travel begun with Mr. (afterwards Professor) Alfred Russel Wallace. The author, who only died in 1892, was a shrewd observer and assiduous collector, and his book will be read with pleasure by all naturalists, and especially by entomologists. The Words on Wellington' of our old friend the late Sir William [Augustus] Fraser is a compara-The Elixir of Life' shows great research; we wish, tively modern work by one of the chief of modern gossips and genealogists, and an accepted authority on all subjects connected with Wellington and D'Israeli. None of the volumes of the series can be read with more interest and amusement than this. St. Adamnan's 'Life of St. Columba' is in its way the most remarkable product of mediæval literature. Montalembert has described it as one of the most living, attractive, and authentic monuments of Christian history. It has been often translated and edited. A conclusion has been reached that a new translation is requisite. Such being the case, the work could scarcely be better executed than it is by Mr. Wentworth Huyshe, who in addition to the text supplies intelligent and valuable notes and comments, with explanations of the illustrations which are included. Heinrich von Sybel, a translation of whose essay on the Crusades is now presented, was a trustworthy writer and a keen politician. He was a pupil of Leopold Ranke, and became a professor at Bonn, Munich, and elsewhere. He was virtually the first to apply accurate tests to the mingled mass of history and legend which previous writers had extracted from William of Tyre. Together with the Histoire Littéraire des Troubadeurs' of Sainte Palaye, Sybel's book, which is excellently produced, forms the best and most trustworthy account of a period of undying interest. clearly impossible for us to analyze or criticize works of the class. What is matter for most congratulation is that such books are brought within reach of everybody, and that knowledge of their contents is no longer confined to the owner of a library. The series is as cheap as it is readable and useful. It is Shakesperian Synopses. By J. Walker McSpadden. (Chapman & Hall.) THIS little work is at once readable and useful. The synopsis is in every case short and adequate. Willing's Press Guide, 1906. (Willing.) THE thirty-third annual issue of this well-established and indispensable publication has all its former useful features. How up to date are its contents is shown by the fact that the appearance during the present year of The Tribune, the latest of daily journals, is duly noted. The Antiquary, January, 1906. (Elliot Stock.) MR. RICHARD QUICK Contributes a pleasing article on the antiquities of the tobacco-pipe, containing good illustrations of those used by the prehistoric races of America and English examples of a more modern date. There is a short paper by Mr. W. J. Fennell-the first of a series-on some of the old towns of Ulster. Carrickfergus is the one treated of in the present number. An alabaster panel, found some five-and-forty years ago at Mere, in Wiltshire, is described by Mr. John A. Lloyd. It is much mutilated, but has evidently represented the adoration of the Wise Men. The writer believes-no doubt correctly-that the work was executed by "the alabaster men" of Nottingham, who carried on a great trade in works of religious art for two centuries before the Reformation. Mr. W. H. St. John Hope published some years ago in Archeologia an elaborate paper on this interesting subject. Mr. J. H. Slater's paper on however, he had given references to his authorities, for they differ in value. Some of the alchemists were among the wisest men of their time, and we are not going too far when we state that others were arrant impostors, and that there was a class between these whose position it is by no means easy to estimate. Mr. J. E. Brown gives us the domestic portion of an inventory of the goods of Edward Catherall, a brewer and farmer of Luton, taken in 1612. All that is supplied is interesting, but we regret that it has not been completed by those parts which relate to his business. Is it too late to supply them? In the hall, among other things, was a "bayard," which the editor surmises to have been a clothes-horse; but we believe it to have been a "cratch," or handbarrow. Notices to Correspondents. We must call special attention to the following notices :— and address of the sender, not necessarily for putON all communications must be written the name lication, but as a guarantee of good faith. WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately. WE cannot undertake to advise correspondents as to the value of old books and other objects or as to the means of disposing of them. To secure insertion of communications correspondents must observe the following rules. Let each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. When answering queries, or making notes with regard to previous entries in the paper, contributors are requested to put in parentheses, immediately after the exact heading, the series, volume, and page or pages to which they refer. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested to head the second com. munication "Duplicate." N. J. HONE ("Shakkespere: Shakstaff”). — Printed ante, p. 89. ENQUIRER ("Decus et tutamen ").-No pronunciation can be called "accepted" in England, but scholars prefer what you call "the Latin pronunciation in the Roman Church." CORRIGENDA.-Ante, p. 132, col. 1, 1. 2, for "todos " read todas. P. 177, col. 2, last line, for "bow" read row. NOTICE. Editorial communications should be addressed to "The Editor of Notes and Queries ""-Adver tisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher"-at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C. We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception. LONDON, SATURDAY, MARCH 17, 1906. CONTENTS.-No. 116. and Slaie Makers, 209. John, first Baron Maitland, d. 1595 (second son), m. John, first Earl of Lauderdale, d. 1645, m. Isabel, John, fifth Earl of Lauderdale, d. 1710 (second son), m. Margaret, dau. and heir of Alexander Cunningham, tenth Earl of Glencairn. Charles, sixth Earl of Lauderdale, d. 1744, m. Eliza- REPLIES:- Mr. Bradley's 'Highways and Byways in "Walking" Cloth - Penteus or James, seventh Earl of Lauderdale, d. 1789, m. Booksellers' Catalogues. Hotes. THE RIGHT HON. A. J. BALFOUR. IN The Standard of 8 January was recorded the interesting discovery, by the Rev. Walter Crick, vicar of Oving, near Chichester, of & pedigree of Mr. James Maitland Balfour, of Whittingehame, father of the ex-Prime Minister, which showed his descent from King Robert III. of Scotland. I am disposed to think that the III. is a misprint for II., as from King Robert II. the lineage may be traced as follows: Robert II., King of Scotland, d. 1390, m. Elizabeth, Countess of Strathern, dau. of Sir Robert Muir, of Rowland (first wife). Robert, Earl of Menteith and Fife, Duke of Albany, John, Earl of Buchan, 1424 (eldest son). Martha, m. William Maitland, killed at Flodden Sir Richard Maitland, d. 1586, m. Mary, dau. of Sir James, eighth Earl of Lauderdale, d. 1839, m. James Maitland Balfour, of Whittingehame, m. The Right Hon. Arthur James Balfour. Scotland, however, has to share with England the right to claim Mr. Balfour as her countryman; for while, through his grandmother, fifteenth in direct descent from King Robert II. of Scotland, he is also, through his mother, twenty-first in a direct line from Edward I., as set forth below:Edward I.. King of England, d. 1307. m. Margaret, dau. of Philip the Bald, King of France (second wife). Thomas de Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk, Marshal Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk, 1399, m. John, Lord Elizabeth, m. John, Lord Mowbray. Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal and Earl of Nottingham, m. Elizabeth, dau. of Richard Fitzalan, tenth Earl of Arundel and Surrey (second wife). Margaret, m. Sir Robert Howard. Sir John Howard, Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal, 1485, m. Catherine, dau. of William, Lord Molines (first wife). Thomas, Earl of Surrey, Duke of Norfolk, 1554, m. Henry, Earl of Surrey, 1547, m. Frances, dau. of Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, 1573, m. Margaret, dau. Catherine, m. William, second Earl of Salisbury, believe that he did not touch it up for the press. It is very odd how his peculiarities come in; sometimes there are expressions that appear only later in Greene, but there are about forty phrases and terms in 'Rosalynd' that cannot readily be paralleled except elsewhere in Greene-Greenisms, in fact. They are Euphuistic, but not in Euphues.' It is not satisfactory to attribute them to Lodge's plagiaristic tricks. Lodge says he wrote Rosalynd' while he, "with Captaine Clarke, made a voyage to the islands of Terceras and Canaries to beguile the time" (Shakespeare's Library'). That voyage took place in 1588, and in 1591 Lodge was again on his travels. In that year (1591-2) Lodge and Greene produced A Looking-Glass for London and England,' a powerful drama. It is not at all improbable that Greene may have been entrusted with 'Rosalynd' for publication. In order to enforce this theory I will give a concise list of parallels, the references to James, fifth Earl of Salisbury, 1728, m. Anne, Lodge being to Hazlitt's 'Shakespeare 1668. Charles, Viscount Cranbourn, 1659, m. Jane, dau. and coheiress of James Maxwell, Earl of Dirleton. James, third Earl of Salisbury, 1683, m. Margaret, fifth dau. of John Manners, eighth Earl of Rut land. James, fourth Earl of Salisbury, 1694, m. Frances, dau. and coheiress of Simon Bennet, Esq. second dau. of Thomas, Earl of Thanet. James, sixth Earl of Salisbury, 1780, m. Elizabeth, James, first Marquis of Salisbury, 1823, m. Mary James Brownlow William, second Marquis of Salis- Blanche Mary Harriett, m. James Maitland Balfour, Esq. The Right Hon. Arthur James Balfour. FRANCIS H. RELTON. 9, Broughton Road, Thornton Heath. ROBERT GREENE'S PROSE WORKS. (See 10th S. iv. 1, 81, 162, 224, 483.) Greene and Lodge. GREENE and Lodge worked together and were friends. Lodge's most interesting piece, to us, is Euphues' Golden Legacie (1590), which is a thoroughly Euphuistic prose romance, interspersed with dainty songs, and on which Shakespeare built As You Like It.' It is only with regard to this tract I have to speak of Lodge, who was, as is well known, an unblushing plagiarist, especially of Italian sonnets. Lodge's tract, which may be simply called 'Rosalynd,' is of the same class as Greene's prose tales, but to my thinking it is better told and of more coherent interest than any of Greene's. There is very much of Greene's undoubted writing in Rosalynd'-so much so that it is hard to · Library.' "Women are wantons, yet man cannot want one," Lodge, pp. 17 and 77.-" Who was fairer than Venus? but such a wanton as she would never want one," Greene, 'Mourning Garment' (ix. 196), 1590. And again later (x. 245), 1592. "The Hiena when she mournes is then most guileful," Lodge, 19.-"It is proper......to the Hiena to be guileful," Greene, 'Mamillia' (ii. 263), 1583. "When the shoares of Lepanthus are most quiet, then they forepoint a storme," Lodge, 16.—“ Like the windes that rise in the shoares of Lapanthus," Greene, 'Never too Late* (viii. 16), 1590. And in Menaphon' (vi. 40), 1589, &c. "The Baatan [ed. 1592 reads Baarran] leafe the more fayre it lookes the more infectious it is," Lodge, 16.-" Like to the Baaran flower, which is most pleasant to the eye, but who so toucheth it feeleth pleasant smarte," Greene, Tritameron,' Pt. I. (iii. 86), 1584. And again ii. 174 and 260; ix. 187, &c. favourite myth with Greene: "Bacan leaf," at viii. 6. A "Naturam expellas furca licet, tamen usque recurret," Lodge, 19. Greene, Euphues to Philautus' (vi. 180), 1587. But quoted earlier in Edwards's Damon and Pithias.' "Natura naturans on the same page in Lodge is also in Greene's Never too Late' (viii. 25), but frequent earlier in technical sense. "Sirha (quoth he) what is your heart on your halfpenny?" Lodge, 22-"She stood as though her heart had bin on her halfepeny," Greene, Mamillia' (ii. 45), 1583. And in 'Tritameron' (iii. 117). A favourite with Greene. "Taking great gifts for little gods," Lodge, 24.-"Gifts are little gods," Greene, 'Euphues to Philautus' (vi. 350), 1587. But earlier in Lyly's plays. "In loving mee thou shalt but live by the losse," Lodge, 109.-Several times in Greene. "Otia si tollas, periere Cupidinis arcus," Lodge, 115.-Quoted by Greene, Penelope's Web' (v. 151), 1587, and 'Never too Late" (viii. 52), 1590. "Women's ears are sooner content with a pound of give me than a dram of have me," Lodge, p. 34. Greene (vi. 263), 1587. But earlier in Lyly's plays. "Love......taking her at discovert stroke so deepe," Lodge, 32.-"Cupid......seeing hir now at discovert, drew home to the head, and stroke hir so deepe," Greene, ‘Arbasto' (iii. 245), 1584. And in Mamillia,' ii. 189,-Greene, 'Tritameron' (iii. 101), 1587. 255, &c. "Unfortunate Rosalynde, whose misfortunes," &c., Lodge, 33.-A form of soliloquy very characteristic of Greene: iii. 196, 210; iv. 279, &c. "Si nihil attuleris ibis Homere foras," Lodge, 34.-Greene, 'Orpharion' (xii. 80), 1589 And elsewhere in Greene. "Solamen miseris socios habuisse doloris," Lodge, 40. Greene (vi. 45), 'Menaphon,' 1589. "Olim hæc meminisse juvabit," Lodge, 40. -Greene, Royall Exchange' (vii. 235), 1590. "You may see (quoth Ganimede) what mad cattel you women be," Lodge, 42.-"And yet women are wylie cattel," Greene, 'Never too Late' (viii. 190), 1590. "By the help of Coridon swapt a bargaine with his Landslord," Lodge, 54.-" We swapt bargaine," Greene (xi. 19), 1592. "If they passe over your playntes, sicco pede," Lodge, 55.-" But sicco pede past them over," Greene, 'Never too Late' (viii. 28). "Constant in nothing but inconstancie," Lodge, 58.- Constant in nothing but inconstancie," Greene, 'Penelope's Web' (v. 178), 1587. Perhaps earlier in Lyly's 'Galathea.' "Drawe him out of his memento with a shake by the shoulder," Lodge, 28 (twice) and 74.-From Greene (iii. 128), 1587. "Thou hast with the deere fedde against the winde, with the crabbe strove against the streame," Lodge, 64.-" He found that to wrestle with love was with the crabbe to swimme against the streame, and with the deere to feede against the wind," Greene, 'Planetomachia' (v. 115), 1585. "There is no sting to the worm of conscience, no hell to a mind toucht with guilt," Lodge, 64.-"The worme of conscience" is in Greene's Philomela,' xi. 168 and 190; and in his Groatsworth of Wit' (xii. 109 and 138), both later than 'Rosalynd.' "Women......necessary evils," Lodge, 117. "Why but Montanus, quoth Ganimede," Lodge, 124.-"Why but Doralice," and "Why but Gwydonius," in Greene, iii. 247 and iv. 67, &c. "Ganimede rose as one that would suffer no fish to hang on his fingers," Lodge, 127.In Greene's 'Mamillia' (ii. 85 and 244), 1583; and 'Carde of Fancie' (iv. 140), 1587. And Lodge gives us the Wolves of Syria, Apis indica, the herb Spattania, and several other standard Euphuisms of Greene's. Lodge says he wrote this romance while on board ship. It is hardly likely, but of course it is possible, he had all Greene's tracts with him to make use of, even if he would have stooped to such work. It is much more likely that Greene polished up the tract for the press with his own orna mentation. Greene and De la Primaudaye. At the outset of this survey I referred sufficiently to the work which I shall henceforth merely designate as Primaudaye, its. date of appearance being 1586. With the original French (1577) we have nothing to do. La Primaudaye was born circa 1545, of a Protestant family in Anjou. He enjoyed a great reputation in his own time, but he makes no figure in histories of French literature. He resided at Court under Henri III., and was conseiller and maître d'hôtel under Henri IV. The date of his death is unknown. He wrote other works, chiefly of a religious nature. As Primaudaye is the original writer, I put my references to him in the first place, as with Lyly; and though unable to give the exact date of the edition I am referring to,. but certain that it is identical, except in pagination, with that of 1586, I give the page-reference as well as the chapter. It is a dumpy quarto, of 812 pages, with a final table of contents of 10 pages; a preliminary 'Epistle Dedicatorie' by the translator, T(homas) B(owes) C. (?), of 5 pages (wherein he designates the work "this Platonical Academie & Schoole of Moral Philosophy "); |