at Madras; John (1785-1832), Governor of smith, who died in 1780. The church, H.M. Ordnance, Jamaica; Samuel (1796- resembling an ornate college chapel, still 1863), Chief Naval Constructor at Ports- remains as a monument of departed glory. mouth and Sheerness; Francis Markelean For many years the benefice was held by an (1787-1829), captain in Royal Staff Corps; old friend of mine, and on one occasion I Constantine (1799-?), colonel in Royal Staff assisted him clerically at the church. Corps, Director-General of Public Works in JOHN PICKFORd, M.A. Corfu, Military Knight of Malta; and four who died in infancy. John Read, of Woolwich, had previously been private secretary to Sir William Congreve in Constantinople, and to Lord Elgin on his "secret expedition" to Egypt. H. V. JERVIS-READ. The College, Winchester. "The great gates of this famous house have never been opened, it is said, since Charles I. closed them nearly three hundred years ago." Which of these statements is true? and where is the evidence for either? Traquair House, near Peebles, has gates said to have been closed since Prince Charles Stuart passed through them in 1745. Does any one know of other instances of closed gates? Bath. G. W-N. DUKE OF Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge. to be referred to sources of information about I also desire information as to the pedigree of Charles, Duke of Lorraine, his contemporary. LOBUC. : R. Y. "IRISH STOCKE."I have in my possession а small quarto volume thus entitled : "A Discourse of the Religion | Anciently professed by the Irish and Brittish. By James Ussher, Archbishop of Armagh, and Primate of Ireland. London, | Printed by R. Y. for the Partners of the Irish Stocke. 1631." At the end of the volume is printed a letter to the Bishop of Meath (as Ussher then was) from "James Rex" expressing “our Princely and gracious thankes," dated Whitehall, 11 January, 1622. I should be much obliged for any information as to R. Y. or the "Partners of the Irish Stocke" WM. NORMAN. ARIEL.-It appears from a review which I read lately that Ariel has been pressed into service as the name of the heroine of a novel. The Ariel of the Bible was a man; the Ariel JAMES HERVEY'S CORRESPONDENCE. - Can of 'The Tempest' is, so far as I remember, any of your readers indicate the present never alluded to as feminine. What old whereabouts of the correspondence of the authority is there for bestowing the name on Rev. James Hervey, the eighteenth-century women, or for representing the "tricksy author of Meditations among the Tombs,' sprite' as a girl? As was remarked in "Theron and Aspasio,' &c.? It has been pub-N. & Q.' some time ago, it is only recently lished, with the omission of most proper that angels have been pictured as of the weaker J. W. sex. Till quite modern times they were made in the likeness of young beardless men. names. Should Ariel be thought of as girlish? Should he not rather resemble the celestial messengers of old, and show a refined and etherealized masculine type? E. S. WHITCHURCH, MIDDLESEX. Can any one kindly inform me why this parish, about half a mile from Edgware, is now persistently so called? In Lewis's 'Topographical Dictionary' and in the county atlas affixed (1848) it is described and marked EDMUND TILLESLEY.- Edmund Tillesley, as Little Stanmore, in contradistinction to Fellow of St. John's College, Oxford, Great Stanmore; whilst in Murray's Hand-described in the college books as founder's book' (1895) it is styled Whitchurch, or kin, was appointed to the charge of NorthLittle Stanmore. Canons, the seat of the princely Duke of Chandos, was situated in this parish, and in the churchyard may yet be seen the grave of William Powell, the Harmonious Black moor, Oxfordshire, in 1646. Northmoor was then a chaplaincy or curacy served by one of the Fellows of St. John's College (the impropriators), who lived in college, but had the use of a set of rooms in Northmoor rectory. farmhouse. Edmund Tillesley was ejected unexplained and inexplicable feat of con from his fellowship by the Parliamentary densation; the walks, as in the Looking- Hartford, Conn. IN MOZARABIC MASS SPAIN. In the "Devocionario Muzárabe, ó Modo Práctico de decir y oír la Santa Misa según este Rito on......por D. Jorge Abad Pérez " (Toledo, 1903), one is surprised to read, on p. x in the 'Prólogo,' "este Rito, una de las glorias mayores de España y de Toledo, toda vez que no hay otra capilla en el mundo, donde se alabe y adore á Dios con esta liturgia." One has always understood that, far from the "Capilla Muzárabe" in the Cathedral Church of Toledo being the only place where that beautiful rite is perpetuated, it exists in those churches in the same diocese which are under the patronage of "el Cabildo Avila, Salamanca, and Laragoza. Which is Muzárabe," as well as in the cathedrals of the best history in English of this old Spanish form of worship? "RATTLING GOOD THING." Though the meaning of the phrase is apparent to every one, what is the origin of it? A rattling trap is next door to a broken-down one. It appears one of the expressions accidentally current, like "I have had a clipping time of it," which every one understands, and no one can explain. Upton. 66 R. B. KNIGHTLEY FAMILY.-In Debrett's Baronetage,' 1839, the name of Elizabeth is given as that of the third child of Richard Knightley, of London (and afterwards of Fawsley, Esq., on the extinction of male issue of his uncles), by Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Walden, Esq., a judge in the island of Barbados." Did this Elizabeth marry? Are there any old baronetages giving the female descendants of the Knightley family, with their marriages? H. D. DIGBY.-Charles Pridham, in his Kossuth and Magyar Land' (London, 1851), describes "the untimely fate of that noble youth," "the gallant Digby," who in 1848-9 served in the Austrian army against the Hungarians, and was shot on refusing to surrender (p. 220); but our author does not state where and when the sharp rencontre in question took place. Can anybody help me to identify the young English officer? L. L. K. LEWIS CARROLL AND CHARLES NODIER.Has it ever been noted that Lewis Carroll was probably indebted to Nodier's 'La Fée des Miettes for the suggestion of a few of his "properties"? not in the least their substance or action or wit, but the form or name. The hero of Nodier's book is a lunatic carpenter; the jury which tries him for an imaginary murder is composed of animals and birds; the fairy's house is a Noah's Ark toy-house, into which they enter by some EDWARD S. DODGSON. NORTH-WEST SOMERSET AND COMBE SYDEN- 69, Ridgmount Gardens, W.C. Beylies. REBUS IN CHURCHES. (10th S. v. 188.) Or the rebus Camden says that it was held in such high esteem by our forefathers "that he was nobody who could not hammer out of his name an invention by this witcraft, and picture it accordingly" (Remains concerning Britain,' 1870, p. 178). Dallaway again, quoting Camden, says that the practice was so much approved by ecclesiastics that almost every bishop and abbot had his rebus, although entitled to hereditary coat armour ('Heraldic Enquiries,' 1793, p. 121). Whether the motto of the Bacon family in Somersetshire occurs as a rebus in any of the Somersetshire churches one cannot say ; but "Pro Ba-con Scientia" had the double advantage of reading as Proba conscientia" and "Pro Bacon Scientia." "Forte scutum salus ducum" is the motto of Fortescue on a tablet in the south aisle of Little Cressingham Church, Norfolk. Possibly MR. CURTIS is aware that on an altar-tomb in the chancel of Swaffham Church there are four shields, bearing respectively I. Three sacramental cups with wafers, shield of the Blessed Sacrament. II. Shield of the Holy Trinity. III. Three boats. IV. Three wimbles. Of these, Nos. III. and IV. form a rebus, wimbles being instruments essential to a wright or worker in wood. The tomb is that of John Bote wright, D.D. ('Church Heraldry of Norfolk,' by the Rev. Edmund Farrer, 1885, p. 96). The Rev. John Collinson, in his Hist. and Antiq. of Somerset,' 1791, vol. ii. p. 198, says that Bishop Beckington, who was a native of the village of that name, took for his device, still to be seen in many parts of Wells, a beacon with a tun. In St. Alban's Abbey the tomb of Abbot Whethamstead is commemorative of his great services in the repairing and embellishment of the fabric, as well as of his abbacy, and bears representations of ears of wheat, in allusion to his name; while Abbot Ramryge's tomb bears the carvings of rams with the syllable "rydge" carved on their collars. Similarly, the Abbot of Ramsey's rebus was a ram in the sea. Roger de Sempringham, Prior of Malton, circa 1189, is probably rebussed in the inscription which may be seen on the capital of a column in the north wall of the church of Old Malton, in Yorkshire. It is only part of the original inscription, and of what there is, a part is purposely inverted apparently. On the central tower of Canterbury Cathedral is sculptured the rebus of John Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1486 to 1500, consisting of the letters MOR and a tun (Britton's Cath. Antiq.,' Canterbury, p. 39). Mr. H. W. Rolfe exhibited at a meeting of the British Archæological Association on 26 Jan., 1853, a portion of painted glass from Canterbury containing a rebus which consisted of a robin in a tree, with the letters R. T. (Robin Tree). A rebus consisting of a church, or kirk, above a cask or tun, over the postern of the gateway forming the entrance to the Deanery of Peterborough, has led to the supposition that the gateway was erected by Robert Kirton or Kirkton, Abbot of Peterborough. Camden's 'Remains,' p. 179, says that the "picture on glass of Roger Wall, Dean of Lichfield, kneeling before our Lady, was in a south window there, close by a fair embattled wall (under which, near to him, sate a Roe-buck, with GER written on his side), this Distich in a scroule coming from his mouth: Gignens virgo Deum; decus, Lux, & Flos mulierum Digneris Murum semper servare Rogerum.' Mr. Norris Deck, in a paper read at the Cambridge gathering of the Archæological Institute in 1854, gave as other examples the names of such ecclesiastics as Goldstone, Nailheart, Silkstede, and Winchcombe, all forming rebuses (Literary Gazette, 15 July, 1854, p. 660). John Newland or Naileheart, Abbot of St. Augustine's, near Bristol, in 1510, bore upon the "escocheon" in his seal a human heart proper pierced with five nails, in allusion both to the quinque vulnera and to his own surname. See James Dallaway in his 'Heraldic Enquiries,' 1793, p. 121. In a stained-glass window in the chapel at Lullingstone, in Kent, where there are some splendid monuments of the Peche and Hart families, occur the arms of Sir John Peche, the lord deputy, who is represented also in an elaborate monument as a knight in armour in a recumbent posture. These arms consist of a lion rampant surrounded by a garland of peach-branches, the fruit bearing the letter é, which in French would form Péchée. In one of the windows of the chapel of Our Lady in Gloucester Cathedral is the rebus, in the form of a comb and "ton," of Thomas Compton, Abbot of Cirencester. In other instances a tun or barrel occurs with the comb. The rectory house of Buckland, in Gloucestershire, 5 miles from Chipping Norton, was built in 1520 by William Grafton, who was then rector, and whose darce (?) or rebus, the graft of a tree issuing from a tun, is displayed in one of the hall windows. Those which do not occur in churches are perhaps innumerable-those of the early typographers, for instance, like Middleton, or like Harrison in Southwark, who hung out his sign of the "Hare and Sun," to say nothing of the armes parlantes in heraldry. Of the use of rebuses in a remote period of antiquity MR. CURTIS is probably well aware. J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL. Hazelmere, Tooting Common. In Garsington Church, Oxfordshire (chancel, north side), there is a window with the following device. A shield has a border round it, making small squares in each corner. In the top right hand is a P; left hand, F; bottom, S. In the centre is another small square with the letter D. The borders contain the words " Non est three times; and from each corner to the centre are parallel lines containing the word "est." P=Pater, F=Filius, S=Spiritus, D=Deus. So the borders read, "Pater non est Filius; Filius non est Spiritus; Spiritus non est Pater"; and from the corners to the centre the inscriptions correspondingly read, "Pater est Deus: Filius est Deus; Spiritus est Deus." The manor belonged to Trinity College, Oxford; hence this explanation in rebus form. I may mention that I have not seen it myself; a drawing of it was given to me by Mr. R. H. Gretton, of Magdalen College, Oxford. HAROLD G. DANIELS. Press Club. In Eton College Chapel, on the stone screen leading into the chantry known as Lupton's Chapel, on one side is the letter R (for Roger), and on the other LUP on a tun (for Lupton). R. A. A. L. Consult Camden's 'Remains concerning Britain' for James Denton, Dean of Lichfield, in Lichfield Cathedral. Consult Cussans's 'Handbook of Heraldry' for Abbot Islip, in Westminster Abbey (with illustration). CHAS. A. BERNAU. An interesting specimen of these rebuses is to be seen in Manchester Cathedral, where there are two carvings, one representing a man hunting, the other a tun. They form mementoes of John Huntington, the first Warden of Manchester Collegiate Church (1422-58), who rebuilt part of the church. He was also rector of Ashton-under-Lyne, and a carved pun on his name is said to exist in the misereres in the church there. SAXON KINGS: LIVING DESCENDANTS (10th S. v. 189).-Some families, such as the Stourtons, have claimed descent from Saxon thanes, but the absurdity of such pretensions has been conclusively demonstrated by Mr. J. H. Round in his Studies in Peerage and Family History.' As for the Huddlestons, in the first authority that I can lay my hands on, Burke's 'Landed Gentry,' 1875, it is stated that, "according to the York Manuscript, the Hodelstons derived their name from Hodelston, in Yorkshire, where they were seated for several generations antecedently to the Conquest. The pedigree begins with an Adam, and proceeds through four subsequent descents (Adam, son of NEW MOON: FORTUNATE OR UNFORTUNATE (10th S. v. 185).-The writer of the epistle mentioned under this head was James Gaffarel (or Gaffarelli), the author of the celebrated work on talismans and cabalistic planispheres entitled Curiositez Inouyes,' &c., published in French in 1650 (no place of publication Chilmead was published in London in the given on title). An English translation by same year. The influence of the moon on childbirth is treated of in chap. xi. of this work. E. E. STREET. Meriya, a human victim, a human being fit for sacrifice; name of the barbarous sacrifice among the Khonds." These sacrifices were prohibited in 1836, and the rescued "meriahs" were placed in villages of their own, on land granted by the Government. JAS. PLATT, Jun. "Dog's NOSE" (10th S. v. 187).-Beyond the passage in Pickwick' referred to by MR. RATCLIFFE, I cannot discover any authoritative receipt for this old-fashioned compound. The earliest authority for it which is given in 'Slang and its Analogues' is Vaux's 'Flash Dictionary,' 1812. Hughes mentions it in chap. xl. of Tom Brown at Oxford'; and I noticed it recently when reading Mr. Stanley Weyman's 'Starvecrow Farm, the date of which story is 1819. W. F. PRIDEAUX. It is, I think, difficult to dogmatize as to the relative quantities of the component parts of this beverage. All that one can safely assert is that it is composed of malt liquor and spirits, mixed according to the taste of the consumer. In that capital and very humorous naval story 'Gentleman Jack,' Mrs. Pipes's method of making it is described as follows:: "She poured into a japanned drinking-cup, half full of beer, what she called a teaspoonful of rum. It is very true that, in doing so, the rum ran from the bottle into a spoon, but continued running over the sides of the spoon so long that there was quite as much spirit as beer. 'Now, you young griffin, do you know what we calls that 'ere drink?" said she to Fitz. 'No, madam, I do not.' 'Why, we calls it dog's-nose.'"-P. 52, Routledge & Sons, n.d. T. F. D. With reference to MR. RADCLIFFE'S note on "dog's nose," it may be interesting to mention that some few years ago I was staying at an inn on the Bath road, and the landlord informed me that the drink principally affected by the agricultural labourers in the district was known as "a penn'orth and a ha'p'orth." This is evidently dog's nose under another name. The inquiry in this form had at first mystified the landlord, but it is possible the name may be used in other parts of England. W. H. Fox. Your correspondent has omitted one essential in the compound, viz., that it should be served hot. In fact, the tipple takes its name from the conical metal vessel which, provided with a handle, was thrust into the live coals of an inn fire to warm the contents. Fifty years ago no country inn was without this utensil, which was in great demand when outdoor sports were going on in the neighbourhood in the winter. Alternative names were "gin-hot" and "early purl" (? pearl). A considerate landlady would add a dust of all-spice. H. P. L. [Purl is the spelling in all the quotations in 'Slang and its Analogues,' ranging from Pepys, under date 19 February, 1680, to Mayhew's 'London Labour,' 1851.] BALLAD BY REGINALD HEBER: W. CRANE (10th S. v. 184).-I can satisfy MR. CANN HUGHES as to the identity of W. Crane, of Chester. He was the William Crane, a brother of my father (Thomas Crane), who, with him, established the lithographic press in the first quarter of the nineteenth century at Chester. I do not know the exact date, but I think it must have been in the twenties. William Crane, however, died early, and I think the firm was given up on or before my Crane) living until 1859. An account of him father's marriage, about 1839, he (Thomas will be found in the Dictionary of National Biography.' He designed much of the lithographic work for the Chester press, including many portraits of local and county worthies of the period. The ballad MR. CANN HUGHES speaks of child the Hunting Songs' quite well, and and quotes I never saw, but I remember as a also 'The Adventures of Mr. Pig and Miss Crane'-a series of lithographed designs by T. Crane accompanied by verses, a tattered Copy of which I still have, as well as some of the lithographed portraits. The brothers also issued a set of views of North Wales, including the Menai bridge. principally looked after the printing, while I think William Crane (whom I never saw) my father was responsible for the designing and drawing on the stone. City") must have been my paternal grandThe Thomas Crane ("sworn free of Chester father. I have a Bible with his annotations and Ex-Libris in a neat, careful hand. Bishop of Calcutta or the ballad. HOMER AND THE DIGAMMA (10th S. v. 168, it is Asiatic of Eolia, where it represents the 215). So far as this "figure" has a history, Semitic vau, and is found in Latin as our f the Greek 4. To me it appears to be only a " 'breathing," like our poor letter h, the Greek aspirate. generations, and it seems curious that all the The subject has been fought over in past modern excavations and discoveries of papyri have not proved its character as genuine in European Greek. A. H. The point is, of course, that the digamma is found long after Homer's time. A good example is given in the facsimile of The Treaty of Elis and the Hermans,' as preserved in an inscription of about BC. 500; see plate 78 of the facsimiles published by the Palæographical Society. The inscription is ten lines long, and in the Eolic dialect. The digamma occurs seven times.* If we The editor says: "The digamma, which appears to a late period." so frequently, was retained in this alphabet [Æolic] |