A very thrilling announcement concerning Mr. Justice Grantham's descent is made in the April number of The Windsor Magazine, in the course of an article by Mr. B. Fletcher Robinson (editor of Vanity Fair), entitled 'Chronicles in Cartoon' (p. 626) :— "He comes of an ancient family, and owns to an ancestor-one St. Hugh Grantham-whom the Jews crucified at Lincoln in the good old days when Richard the Lion Heart was King." It may be presumed that neither Sir William nor anybody else would think of claiming more than collateral descent from the child of eight or thereabout who is said to have been the victim of a ritual murder. It is a mere trifle that the alleged crime is supposed to have taken place, not when "Richard the Lion Heart was King," but in 1255, some fifty-five or fifty-six years after his death. ST. SWITHIN. MOZARABIC MASS IN SPAIN (10th S. v. 250). -MR. DODGSON may be interested by the following sentence in 'The Sanctuary Kalendar,' 1906, edited by Percy Dearmer and F. C. Eeles (p. 40): "In two places in Spain at least, and one in Portugal, if not more, the Mozarabic rite is used." Has your correspondent consulted 'Liturgies, Eastern and Western,' by F. E. BrightFRED. G. ACKERLEY. man? Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. Medieval London. By Sir Walter Besant.-Vol. I. Historical and Social. (A. & C. Black.) SIR WALTER BESANT'S account of London, to the appearance of successive volumes of which we have drawn attention, is his magnum opus. Its compilation was to him a labour of love, and its completion, had he been spared to see it, would have been a delight. Without being absolutely history, the account of London, of which the crowning portion appears, has all its accuracy, with a measure of personal vivacity and picturesqueness which is not its constant concomitant. The volume is in two parts, the first of which deals with medieval sovereigns from Henry II. to Richard III., while the second is occupied with social and general considerations, the Port and trade, the streets, buildings, furniture, wealth, manners and customs, literature, sport, crime, and punishment. A specially attractive feature consists of the illustrations, which are admirably chosen. These are mostly taken from original sources, and are of remarkable value. See especially the view of 'The Ladies' Bower' (p. 249), the views of tournaments, &c., from Froissart, and the Chaucerian illustrations from the Ellesmere MS. The work constitutes, indeed, a treasure house. Monumental Brasses in the Bedfordshire Churches. By Grace Isherwood. With Illustrations drawn by Kitty Isherwood from Rubbings by the Authoress. (Elliot Stock.) WE gladly welcome Miss Isherwood's useful book on the monumental brasses of Bedfordshire. It is highly condensed, as was needful for a book of reference which the antiquary will naturally desire to carry with him in his wanderings; but it is to be wished that the author had, where possible, described all the shields of arms which survive. In the Middle Ages heraldry was fluent, not tied up by those hard-and-fast rules which some of our current time Miss Isherwood gives notes-short, but to the literature so needlessly exaggerates. From time to point-on the families whose brasses are described. The earliest military brass in Bedfordshire occurs in Cople Church. It is to a Walter Rolond. There is no date given. The inscription is in French, and the figure in complete plate armour. In the same church there occurs a brass to Thomas Gray and Benet his wife, inscribed with fourteen lines of verse, beginning: What can myght, powr or auncyet bloode avayll, Or els riches, that men cownte felicite? We have heard verses almost identical with these quoted as existing elsewhere-we believe in the North Riding. On a brass of the middle sixteenth century to one of the Bulkeleys in Cople Church are the words "Thynke and Thank God." Was this the family motto? or must we regard it as personal? Under Sutton the author says that the present Sir John Burgoyne holds the manors of Sutton and Polton by charter from John of Gaunt, and proceeds. to supply an English version, printing it as if it were prose, although it was clearly meant for verse, as we give it : I, John of Gaunt, And the heirs of his line, The manors of Sutton and Polton, We need not say that it is either a jest or an inept forgery. Several jingles of a like character have been printed from time to time, but we do not remember to have encountered the present one elsewhere. Matthew de Asseheton, rector of Shillington and canon of York, was buried in 1400 in the church of his rectory, and a fine brass exists to his memory. His rebus, we are told, was an ass and a tun. The Works of William Shakespeare. Vols. IV. and V. (Stratford-on-Avon, Shakespeare Head Press.) Two further volumes of the noble edition of the poet which is the first to bear the imprint of his birthplace have appeared, marking the accomplishment of half the task. Vol. iv. finishes, with Twelfth Night' and 'The Winter's Tale,' the comedies, and has the first two historical plays, King John' and 'King Richard II.' As a frontispiece it reproduces in admirable style the portrait of the dramatist in the Memorial Gallery, Stratford-on-Avon. The fifth volume meantime comprises the two parts of King Henry IV.,''King Henry V.,' and the first part of King Henry VI., and has for frontispiece a reproduction of the Ely portrait. In all literary and bibliographical respects. 340 MR. J. W. CLAY contributes a long and important article on the great Northern house of Clifford. It contains abstracts of many wills and inquisitiones post mortem, which will be of the greatest service to any one who may undertake the task of writing an extended history of that important and picturesque race. The When public penances were discontinued by the authorities of the Church of England is by no means certain. A correspondent contributes a record of a ceremony of this sort which was performed at Bishop Wilton in 1730, when Lancelot Blackburn The penance was inflicted for was archbishop. a violation of the seventh commandment. offender had to stand in the church porch bareheaded and with bare feet, with a white rod in his hand, and vested in a long white sheet, and was to beg all those who entered the church to pray for him. After the second lesson was over he was to enter the church and say in English the psalm "Miserere mei," and then make public confession of his evil conduct. We presume, but are by no means sure, that absolution followed. An engraving of an interesting floriated cross tombstone to some member of the Fitzconan family is given. It was found a few years ago in the church of Liverton, near Saltburn. The Berks, Bucks, and Oxon Archæological Journal. Vol. II. No. 3. Edited by Rev. P. H. Ditchfield. (Reading, Slaughter & Son.) THE notice of Pamber Church is interesting. It was once a chapel of the Benedictine Priory of Sherborne, founded by Henry de Port in the twelfth century, and consisted originally of an aisleless nave. It was attached to the monastery of St. Vigor in Normandy, and was suppressed, along with the other alien houses, early in the fifteenth century. Among the interesting objects this church contains is a cross-legged effigy made of wood. Three other wooden effigies are mentioned as being in the church of Sparsholt, in Berkshire. A note should be made of these, for in most parts of England effigies of this material are of great rarity. There is a list of wooden effigies (which we believe, however, is by no means complete) in Archæologia, vol. xlvi. p. 279. Mr. Ernest W. Dormer contributes the first part of a paper on Bisham Abbey; and Mr. Charles E. Keyser has given several excellent plates in illustration of his account of the churches of Sparsholt and Childrey. MESSRS. HART & SONS, of Saffron Walden, have -sent us an interesting little guide to this town, where there is much to interest the antiquary, as there are many indications that its site has been the scene of human occupation from a period of very remote antiquity. Ancient earthworks, camps, and burial mounds are numerous; and six miles east is the fine group of burial mounds known as the Bartlow Hills. The town obtained its prefix of "Saffron" from the extensive cultivation in the district of that once famous drug or dye. Holingshead states that it was first planted there in the reign of Edward III. The parish church is one of the finest examples in the country of the pure Perpendicular style; it is 200 feet long by 82 feet wide, and the tower is 85 feet high; it has seven pointed arches on each side of the nave. In the centre of the south chapel is the black marble altar-tomb of Thomas, Lord Audley of Waldeu, Chancellor to Henry VIII. There are now only eight brasses remaining of the many effigies which were once in the church. The belfry contains eight bells, and by the will of Thomas Turner, dated 10 June, 1623, the day of his funeral, 27 June, is observed as a ringing festival, to which ringers come from many parts. The work, which forms a valuable short record, is written by Mr. Guy Maynard, the Curator of the Museum, and the excellent illustrations make the booklet very attractive. MR. BERTRAM DOBELL promises a series of publications of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, principally from MSS. in his own possession, which offer a marvellous attraction to the student of literature. Among them are the poetical works of William Stroode, an all but unknown poet, whose Floating Island' was acted before King Charles by the students of Christ Church, 29 Aug., 1636, and gave rise to a curious stage controversy. One collection of MSS. will be in three or four volumes. A more interesting announcement than that Mr. Dobell issues has rarely been put forward. Notices to Correspondents. We must call special attention to the following notices: ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately. To secure insertion of communications correspondents must observe the following rules. Let each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. When answering queries, or making notes with regard to previous entries in the paper, contributors are requested to put in parentheses, immediately after the exact Correspondents who repeat heading, the series, volume, and page or pages to which they refer. queries are requested to head the second communication "Duplicate." WE cannot undertake to advise correspondents as to the value of old books and other objects or as to the means of disposing of them. A. H. ("Germination of Seeds "). — Amply discussed in previous volumes. W. F. MILLER.-Forwarded. NOTICE. Editorial communications should be addressed to "The Editor of Notes and Queries ""-Adver tisements and Business Letters to "The Pub. lisher"-at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C. We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception. LONDON, SATURDAY, MAY 5, 1906. CONTENTS.-No. 123. NOTES:-The Death Songs of Pyramus and Thisbe, 341— Greene's Prose Works, 343-Macaulay's "New Zealander," 344-"Rebound," Verb - Creswell of Odiham, Hants [Ah, ah,] Alas, you salt sea Gods, Bowe downe youre eares devine; And wring their hands with me Burns's Bonnie Lesley,' 315-Rotary Bromide Process-[Alas, Hawtrey Sharry Family, 348- Statues in Southern REPLIES:- Greek and Roman Tablets, 350 Portman 1 Send sobbs, send sighes, send greeuous grones [Abradad, Abradad, ah, ah,] Alas, poore Abradad, Come, Death, alas! O Death most sweet, [For nowe, for nowe,] For nowe I crave to die, [to die, to die, to die, to die.] The second song occurs later in the volumes. It is almost as touching as the other, though -Inscription on Constantine's Tomb-Barnes: Origin of it has nothing in it to equal the beautiful the Name, 352-The Coal Hole"-Irish Bog Butter-image of the sea gods bringing warm salt "Place, 353-Babington Conspiracy-Holborn-"The water for the ladies to cry withal. It bears Sophy"-Mr. Thompson of the 6th Dragoons, 354-Latin Genitives in Floricultural Nomenclature-Dickens and no composer's name, but, like the other, it is the Bible-Oscar Wilde Bibliography-Lady Coventry's written for treble voice with instrumental Minuet, 355-Reynolds at Le Portel-Westminster Changes -Chemists' Coloured Glass Bottles-Rebus in Churches, accompaniment; and judging from the style 356-Cabot and Mychell - Gray's Elegy in Russian of composition, I have no hesitation in con"The hand that rocks the cradle "Metropolitan jecturing that it also is the work of Farrant. Come, tread the paths of pensive pangs With me, ye lovers true. Bewaile with me your luckles lotts, With tears your eies bedue: toe," 357. NOTES ON BOOKS:-Oxford Dictionary - Whittaker's 'Apollonius of Tyana'-'The Antiquary'-'The Home Counties Magazine.' Booksellers' Catalogues. Notices to Correspondents. Fotes. THE DEATH SONGS OF PYRAMUS AND THISBE. AMONG the musical treasures of the Christ Church Library at Oxford is a valuable set of part-books written by or for one Robert Dowe, and bearing the date 1581. In this set are to be found two songs which seem to be of some interest, apart from their historical value as specimens of a kind of music of which few examples remain. I am indebted to the kindness of the Dean of Christ Church for permission to print the words of these songs, and to the Librarian for giving me access to them. The verses may not be reprinted without the permission of the Christ Church authorities. The first is a song for treble voice, with accompaniment for instruments, probably viols, composed by Farrant. No Christian name is given, but Richard Farrant is intended; his name is well known in connexion with some favourite anthems. In printing the verses I have divided them into lines and inserted stops. I have also put in brackets the vain repetitions of words introduced by the composer, because they much enhance the pathetic effect, though they may somewhat obscure the rhythm : Aid me, you ghosts who lothed life, With sighs and sobbs and notes of dule [Guichardo, Guichardo, ah,] Guichardo, if thy Come, draw thy lover nie. Ah see, I die, I die, [I die: ah see, I dy, I dy, I dy: ah, ah, ah, alas, I dy, I dy, I dy, I'dy.] Naturally, one's first impulse after reading these verses is to exclaim, "This passion, and the death of a dear friend, would go near to make a man look sad." Then the question presents itself, Is not this the kind of stuff which Shakespeare set himself to parody in the death songs of Pyramus and Thisbe in Midsummer Night's Dream,' Act V. I think it is; and therefore it is worth while to try to discover what these delectable effusions are. It is quite evident, I think, that these songs are excerpts from two plays. The first, in which Panthea laments the death of her husband Abradad (which we recognize as the tragi-comical form of Abradates) must be from a play of Panthea and Abradad,' or possibly Cyrus the Great,' based on a story which scholars will find in Xenophon, more conveniently in the classical or dictionary. In the other an afflicted lady, whom we may identify with Gismonda, is preparing to kill herself, because her lover, Guichardo, has been done to death by a cruel parent, no doubt Tancred. Now Farrant was Master of the Children of the Chapel at Windsor, and as such he was accustomed (as were some other masters of choristers) to prepare plays to be presented before the Queen (generally about Christmastide or Shrovetide) every year. There are numerous entries to be found in the Acts of the Privy Council' of payments for the performance of these plays to different masters of choristers, such as Sebastian Westcott, Master of the Children of St. Paul's; John Taylor, of Westminster; Hunnis, of the Chapel Royal; and others. The payments to Farrant are for plays presented at different dates between February, 1566 7, and March, 1579/80. He died, it should be said, on 30 Nov., 1580. There is nothing to be learnt from the 'Acts of the Privy Council' about the names of these Farrant plays, but a few particulars from be gleaned may Cunningham's Accounts of the Revels at Court.' On New Year's Day, 1571/2, for instance, the Windsor Children presented Ajax and Ulisses'; on Twelfth Day, 1573/4, it was 'Quintus Fabius'; on Twelfth Day, 1576/7, it was 'Mutius Scævola.' There was also a play presented in January, 1574/5 (perhaps on Twelfth Day), of which the name is not given, but to which the following entry in the accounts relates :: "xj Januarij for a perwigg of Heare for King Xerxces syster in ffarrantes playe; iiij. viij.” I had formed some vague hope that this might possibly prove to have been our tragedy, but I do not see how Xerxes's sister can have found her way into a play dealing | with the period of Cyrus the Great. So we must content ourselves with the conjecture that ours is one of the unnamed plays performed at Court by the Windsor Children under the direction of Richard Farrant, at some date between February, 1567, and March, 1580. As to the Guichardo song, one must suppose that it came out of a play of 'Tancred and Gismonda'; but I have not come upon any traces of such a play, excepting, of course, that printed in Dodsley's Old Plays,' with which this has nothing to do. If, as I suppose, this song is by Farrant, it also may be an extract from one of the unnamed plays presented by the Windsor Childrer. Here, then, we probably have fragments of two plays of a type of which at least one specimen has been preserved entire, namely, "The excellent comedie of two the moste faithfullest Freendes Damon and Pithias. Newly imprinted as the same was shewed before the Queenes Majestie by the children of her Grace's chappel......Made by Maister Edwards, then beynge maister of the children, 1571" (see Halliwell's 'Dict. of Old Plays'), which had been entered in the Registers of the Stationers' Company (Arber's transcripts) in 1567-8 as a boke intituled 'ye tragecall comodye of Damonde and Pethyas,'" and was printed again in 1582. 66 and so on. Later in the play there is another passage in equally absurd style, a lament for Pythias, sung (not spoken) by Eubulus and a chorus of Muses; but as the play is printed in Hazlitt's 'Dodsley,' it is not necessary to quote any more of it. That Shakespeare knew Edwards's play I think is almost certain; but why did he consider it worth while to ridicule a man who had been dead close upon thirty years? Here, I think, our Farrant songs will help us to give a probable answer. It was not Edwards and his particular play that Shakespeare was ridiculing, but a whole class of plays, namely, those produced at Court on various occasions, and especially those presented by the children of the different chapels: a class of plays which would have been well remembered by his audience, if, as is generally thought, M.N.D.' was first performed at Court on the occasion of a nobleman's wedding. It speake."-Greene, 'Penelope's Web' (v. 221), adds point, indeed, to the burlesque, if we 1587: "It seemeth (saith Bias) that nature...... think of the audience before whom it was [word for word to] and chastice such impudent first given, many of whom must have known babling by byting. And therefore, saith he, the tedious originals only too well in former we have two eyes and two eares, that thereby days, even if we are to suppose that in 1595 we may learne to heare and see much more or thereabouts plays of this type had been then is spoken." Primaudaye does not attrientirely superseded in Court circles. And bute the well-known metaphor of "the here it may be worth noting that a fairly bulwark of teeth" (more commonly "pales") full history of the production of a Court to Bias, although it may be implied. It is play of this kind can be pieced together, used earlier in 'Euphues' (145): Nature with the expenditure of some little trouble,.....hedged the tongue with two rowes of from Cunningham's 'Accounts of the Revels teeth." And in Shakespeare (Richard II.'), at Court from the preliminary "perusing Chapman, Ben Jonson, &c. Very likely the and reforming," to the last minute when all image is met with earlier in English, but we was ready, when it might happen that the see whence Greene derived it. play was never performed after all. This misfortune, which so nearly befell the "tedious brief scene of Pyramus and Thisbe," did actually befall a Mask of Ladies with lights, "being VI vertues, likewise prepared and brought thither in Redynesse, but not showen for the Tediousnesse of the playe that nighte," which was one presented by Mr. Munkester's Children" (p. 62). On another occasion (p. 142) a play was put off because the Quenes Matie wold not come to heare the same." G. E. P. A. (To be continued.) ROBERT GREENE'S PROSE WORKS. (See 10th S. iv. 1, 81, 162, 224, 483; v. 84, 202.) I CONTINUE my notes on Greene and Primaudaye. Primaudaye, chap. xii., 'Of Speech and Speaking, p. 130: "Such bablers, whom Plato verie aptly called theeves of time, are compared by Plutarch to emptie vessels, which give a greater sound then they that are ful. So he," &c.-Greene, 'Penelope's Web' (v. 221), 1587: "Plato calleth women that are bablers, theeves of tyme: And Plutarch compareth them to emptie vessels, which give a greater sound then they which are full so......they," &c. Primaudaye, chap. xii., p. 130: "the toong, which Bias called the best and worst thing that was......[Ten lines omitted.] It seemeth that nature would teach us this by fortifying the toong better than any other part of the bodie, and by setting before itthe bulworke of the teeth, that if it will not obey reason, which being within ought to serve in steade of a bridle to stay it from preventing the thought, we might restraine and chastice the impudencie thereof with blouddy biting. And because we have two eares and two eies, it ought to serve us for instruction, that we must heare and see much more than we Primaudaye, chap. xii., p. 132: "Cæsar in a letter which he sent to Rome from the Persian battaile, wrote but these three words, Veni, vidi, vici, that is to saie, I came, sawe, and overcame."-Greene, Penelope's Web' (v. 206): "Forward Calamus in thy purpose, triumph man, and say as Cæsar did in his conquers, veni, vidi, vici." And again, 'The Spanish Masquerado' (v. 276, 277), 1589: Don Pedro, thinking that no sooner he woulde have arrived in the English Coast but he would have written back, as the Romain Monarch did, Veni, vidi, vici." Primaudaye's words here are those of North's Plutarch's Lives' ('Julius Cæsar'), and also of Shakespeare's 'Love's Labour's Lost,' IV. i. 69. Primaudaye, chap. xiii., 'Of Friendship and a Friend,' p. 138 to p. 148 is bodily lifted into Greene's 'Silvestro's discourse of Friendship," Second Part of Tritameron') iii. 146-60), 1587. It begins thus in Primaudaye, p. 138: "First we say with Socrates, that...... [twelve lines skipped]...... Friendship is a communion of a perpetuall will, the end whereof is fellowship of life, and it is framed by the perfect habit of a long continued love. Whereby," &c. Silvestro's discourse begins: "Socrates, whom Apollo himselfe noted for a wise man, said that Friendship is a communion," &c. From here to p. 160, the end of Silvestro's discourse, there is scarcely an alteration. But one or two are worthy of note. I may mention that in the two texts before me a page of Primaudaye gives Greene about a page and a quarter. On p. 145 Primaudaye adduces Jonathan and David amongst "the best and most excellent friendships." Greene omits them, and also Achilles and Patroclus, beginning with Pylades and Orestes (p. 157, Greene). Greene on this page quotes Primaudaye's 'Ephenus and Everitus (p. 146) as Ephemus and Everitius." On 66 |