ROMNEY PORTRAIT (10th S. iv. 410).-The north side, by William Warel wast, the blind second wife of Nicholas Kempe, of the Mint nephew of William the Conqueror (Bishop of and of the Villa, Chelsea, was Anne, daughter Exeter 1107-36) are reputed to be the and coheir of Mr. Meriton, of Oxford. After heaviest ringing peal in the world. Their the death of Nicholas Kempe, which occurred respective weights have been variously rein 1774, she married Dixon, the mezzotint corded, and generally exaggerated; but when engraver. Her beauty attracted many men Messrs. John Taylor & Co., the well-known of considerable note in their day to the bell-founders of Loughborough, put them in Villa, and the entertaining of these guests order a couple of years or so ago, the weights seems to have been the cause of financial were obtained accurately, and may be dedifficulties. Nicholas had mortgaged his finitely given as follows: No. 1, 7 cwt. 22 lb. ; stipend as bullion porter at the Mint, but he No. 2, 8 cwt. 3 qrs. 10 lb.; No. 3, 8 cwt. 2 qrs.; managed to transfer his post to his son No. 4, 10 cwt. 1qr. 2 lb.; No. 5, 18 cwt. 4lb.; John, who thus partially paid his father's No. 6, 19 cwt. 19 lb.; No. 7. 28 cwt. 4 lb.; debts by service. The Gentleman's Magazine, No. 8, 33 cwt. 2 qrs. 11lb.; No. 9, 40 cwt. in obituary notices of Nicholas Kempe and 3 qrs. 19 lb.; No. 10, 72 cwt. 2 qrs. 2 lb.; No. 11 his relatives, states that the children were (the half tone), 11 cwt. 1 qr. 8 lb.; making a "shorn of their just expectations by total of 258 cwt. 1 qr. 17 lb., i.e. 12 tons 18 cwt. Nicholas-in his infatuation for his second 1 qr. 17 lb. wife - leaving the family estate and his personal property to her unreservedly. This is not in accordance with facts, for by his will (P.C.C. 233 Bargrave), proved in 1774, he left only the income from his residuary estate to his wife Anne, with remainder to his three sons James, John, and Thomas Limburnum Kempe. He had, it seems, no real estate to leave, but among his effects was a piano on which Haydn composed his early works. Alfred John Kempe, F.S.A., a writer and antiquary of importance in his day, was grandson of the above-named Nicholas. He, as well as his father, was for a time employed at the Mint, and died in 1846, leaving little but his good name as a provision for his issue. He was buried with his beloved sister, Ann Eliza Bray, in Fulham Churchyard, where their monument may be seen with the simple legend "Brother and sister." Engravings after Romney of Mrs. Dixon are still obtainable. I do not know where the original Romney is, but believe that the Rev. John Edward Kempe has a miniature of the lady. FRED. HITCHIN-KEMP. 6, Beechfield Road, Catford, S. E. HERALDIC (10th S. iv. 508).-The nearest approach to the coat given by SADI to be found in Papworth's Ordinary' is assigned to Cuily, co. Leicester, and is as follows: Argent, on a chevron between three mullets of six points, pierced sable, a besant." This coat is also given in Burke's 'General Armory with the date of grant, viz. 4 Henry II. S. D. C. [MR. J. RADCLIFFE also refers the coat to Cuily.] BELLS (10th S. iv. 409).-The bells in the south Norman tower of Exeter Cathedralbuilt, with the corresponding one on the No trustworthy record of the weight of the great bell known locally as Peter (originally at Llandaff), which hangs in stately solitude, in the opposite tower, can be quoted; but Messrs. Taylor do not consider it would turn the scale at more than 80 cwt. A story was long current (I had heard it from my youth) that the vibration, when the bells in the south tower were rung, was so great that it caused joints in the old masonry to open and shut-so much so that the end of one's coat might, at times, be thrust between the stones. Hence-in consequence of reputed danger to the fabric-it was only on rare occasions the melodious notes of these bells were heard. When, therefore, on my first coming to Exeter in the sixties, I learned that on a given day a peal was to be rung, I hastened to the belfry, anxious to test the truth of the assertion. But the tradition appeared to be naught but a fairy tale. I could perceive no visible effect upon the massive stonework in question. HARRY HEMS. Fair Park, Exeter. The weights of the largest bells are given, in pounds, in Chambers's Journal, 1 July, 1865, p. 415 ('Bell Gossip'); in tons, in Haydn's 'Dictionary of Dates'; and, I think, in Lord Grimthorpe's book on 'Clocks, Watches, and Bells.' See also 'Church Bells' in The Sheffield Daily Telegraph, a series of articles published in pamphlet form in 1903. J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL. Shrimpton's Historical Handbook and Guide to Oxford,' 1878, p. 143, gives a list of fifty bells in different countries, from Russia's largest bell, 443,772 lb., down to Beverley Minster, 5,000 lb., Great Tom of Oxford being 17,640 lb., and the thirty-first on the list. Sandgate. R. J. FYNMore. "SJAMBOK": ITS PRONUNCIATION (10th S. iv. 204. 332. 512).-In the Supplement to my Concise Dictionary' I have said that the Cape Dutch sjambok seems to have been adopted from the Malay chabok (Portuguese chabuco); also, that the Malay word is obviously borrowed from the Persian chabuk, which (as an adj ) means alert, active," and (as a sb.) a horsewhip." And I refer to N. & Q,' 9th S. iv. 456; Chawbuck in Yule's Glossary, and 'Chabouk,' ' Chawbuck,' in 'N.E.D.' 66 WALTER W. SKEAT. Its cost Phillips, carpenter to George II. THE BOAR'S HEAD (10th S. iv. 506).-At the annual Christmas supper of the Manchester Literary Club, of which Mr. George Milner is president, the boar's head is brought from the kitchen into the dininghall carried on high by the chef, and followed by a procession consisting of a cook (who carries a very large knife and a very small fork), a master of the revels, an usher, a jester, courtiers, minstrels, and singers, all in The carol is the wellold-time costumes. CHALONER: THOMAS MEIGHEN: THE FOR- The boar's head in hand bring I, ARCHIBALD SPARKE, F.R.S.L. There are so many grotesque stories as to the origin of this Christmas custom that it is interesting to discover what appears to be the true explanation. According to Puricelli (chap. iv., 'Dissert. Nazar.,' pp. 471–2), The du Pont Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge. [MR. W. P. COURTNEY also refers to Gunning.] FULHAM BRIDGE (10th S. iv. 509). coloured print of La Veue de Fulham Bridge' is probably that by Chatelain, of which there is a copy among the engravings in the library of the Corporalogue thus: "A view of Fulham Bridge from Putney. Chatelain del, Roberts sculp." J. B. Chatelain was an English artist, born in London in 1710, who, whenever his dissolute habits permitted, gave undoubted proofs of the excellence of his taste and the readiHe was peculiarly ness of his invention. successful in his designs for landscapes, some of which he engraved. His other engravings are from the works of Gaspar Poussin and Cortona. He died in 1744. The plan of the bridge, completed in 1729, was drawn by Cheselden, the great surgeon (Faulkner's Fulham,' p. 6); and the builder was Mr. tion of London. It is described in the cata "Neque hæc praxis inanis, seu mysterio vacua. It was customary on Christmas night for Oxford. The finest of some years ago in There are, how ever, examples in various other parts of England. Mr. Combe, in his 'Illustrations of Baptismal Fonts (usually called erroneously 'Paley's Fonts '), figures two of them: one at Nettlecombe, Somersetshire, and one at Walsoken, Norfolk; and I have sketches of two panels of one at Farningham, Kent, made for me by the late Mr. J. Lewis Andre in 1890. These fonts are generally Perpendicular work; they are octagonal. Seven of the sides bear illustrations of the sacraments; the eighth, often a representation of the Crucifixion. That of Nettlecombe, however, has symbols of the blessed Trinity on its eighth panel. The sacraments represented are baptism, confirmation, penance, holy Eucharist, orders, matrimony, and extreme unction. At Farningham the last subject is illustrated in a very remarkable manner : the wafer is being administered to a person in violent convulsions. In the sacrament of marriage, as represented on this font, the lady wears the headdress of the time of Edward IV.; and on the Nettlecombe font the costume of all the figures is of the same date. In all early pictures and carvings it was the custom of the artist to dress his personages in the costume of his own period, so by observing the dresses on monuments, we are enabled to fix the date of them pretty accurately. The font at Walsoken has this inscription on its stem: "Reme'ber | ye the Soul of | S. Honyter & Margaret | his wife and John' Beforth Chapli""; and on the base is carved the date 1544. EMMA SWANN. Walton Manor, Oxford. Where F. K. gets his authority for fathering the desecration of the sculpture on the Gorleston Church font upon "the notorious Will Dowsing" does not appear in evidence. We know this man-whom the Earl of Manchester appointed "visitor of the Suffolk churches" in 1643-prided himself upon his iconoclastic performances. But he had his compeers in the general work of destruction. Mr. A. C. Fryer, F.S.A., in his paper Upon Fonts with Representations of the Seven Sacraments,' to be found in vol. lix. (Second Series, vol. ix.) of The Archaeological Journal (1902), remarks: "Gorleston's font suffered severely about A.D. 1643 at the hands of one Francis Jessup, who in his Journal' remarks of Gorleston, We did deface the font and the cross there-on.' and adds he lamented he could not destroy the stained glass in the upper windows, as no one in Gorleston would lend him a ladder.'" Ancient fifteenth and sixteenth century octagonal fonts upon which the sacraments are carved are by no means rare. Upon the eighth side usually occurs a representation of the Crucifixion, but sometimes of the baptism of Christ by St. John Baptist. In two instances the subject is the Last Judg ment. It is thus at Gorleston. The Blessed Virgin and other figures are introduced into others. As a modern instance of a seven-sacrament sculptured font I may add that I placed one in the church of St. Cuthbert's, Kensington, S.W., so recently as 1888. HARRY HEMS. Fair Park, Exeter. In the Journal of the Royal Archæological and photographs of the examples, in England. Institute, 1902, there is given a complete list, The numbers given are in Norfolk sixteen, in Suffolk eleven, and in the counties of Kent and Somerset one example each, twenty-nine in all. In the volume for 1903 the fonts with representation of the holy Eucharist and holy baptism are more fully described (with photographs) than in the earlier volume. The author of both papers is Mr. Alfred Fryer, F.S.A. ANDREW OLIVER. The church of All Saints, Marsham, contains one of these fonts, in good preservation. There is some doubt as to what the eighth panel represents, but I think it is either Purgatory or the preaching to the souls in Hades. A. T. M. DOGS IN WAR (10th S. iv. 488, 537).—An article entitled 'War Dogs' appeared in The Nineteenth Century for March, 1905. A special article on Ambulance Dogs in MELTON CLOTH: MELTON JACKET (10th S. iv. 467, 490) -The name was certainly derived from Melton Mowbray. On Easter Monday, 1838, at Drury Lane Theatre, a piece was produced called 'The Meltonians,' described as a perfectly illegitimate drama and extravaganza in two acts." The action takes place on the outskirts of Melton Mowbray; several of the characters are "in Melton costume," which is shown on the frontispiece as a coat with rounded tails. The" gentlemen had been hunting, and then painted the toll-house and toll-gate red. AYEAHR. FINAL "E IN CHAUCER (10th S. iv. 429, 472).-I am much obliged to PROF. SKEAT for his courteous and esteemed reply to my query under this head. Although the ques tion is a large one, he has thrown ample light upon it. The general, if decreasing, ignorance regarding the English of Chaucer and his contemporaries must be my plea for the somewhat vague terms of the query. I shall now turn to the perusal of 'The King's Quair' with deepened interest. It is to be hoped that in our schools and universities every advantage will be taken of the splendid work which has been done by PROF. SKEAT-the chief of a capable band of native scholars-for Chaucer and Middle English study. There are trustworthy signs, indeed, that an appreciation of it is rapidly growing among our educational authorities. STUDENT. In Peter's Letters to his Kinsfolk' (the date of which is about 1819), vol. iii. letter lxvii., is a description of a dinner-party at Glasgow, in which punch is a conspicuous feature. The sugar is melted with a little cold water; then lemons are squeezed over it, and the water poured on it. It is then called sherbet. Afterwards rum is added. At Jesus College, Oxford, is a silver-gilt MELCHIOR GUYDICKENS (10th S. iv. 469, 537).—In the forties and early fifties there lived in Connaught Terrace, Hyde Park, now the west side of the Edgware Road, two old maiden ladies, the Misses Guydickens. They were friends of my mother, and were the daughters of General Guydickens, who, I surmise, was identical with Gustavus Guy-punch-bowl, holding ten gallons, and weighdickens, the son of Melchior. They were ing 278 ounces, the gift of Sir Watkin Williams related to the family of Viscount Tracy, a Wynne in 1732. title which is now extinct or dormant, I do An old recipe for punch-making ran:not know which. Lord Sudeley is the One of sour, two of sweet, present head of the Tracy family, and in all Three of strong, four of weak. probability he would be able to give MR. H. ATHILL-CRUTTWELL the required informaBASIL A. COCHRANE. tion. 30, George Street, Manchester Square. PUNCH, THE BEVERAGE (10th S. iv. 401, 477, 531).-In Saxon charters relating to Hampshire, Nos. 674, 787, 982 (Birch, C. S.'), occur the place-names "pungcheshyl" and dune, &c. The prefix survives in one locality in the names Punsholt Farm and Lane. I have in a book on Surrey pointed out that in Rostrenen's Franco-Breton dictionary the word "Puncgz" is explained as a well or cistern. There are Roman remains in both places that might account for the cistern. It appears to me that the beverage was probably introduced to the Dutch and English marine by the Breton sailors who brought over the cargoes of "right Nantes," and that the name came from the vessel in which it was brewed. Similarly, we now talk of "cup," whether of claret or champagne. I fancy brandy was the first form of alcohol to be known commercially and apart from home distilling, and the Breton sailors were famous in early times. Punch as a beverage is not so entirely extinct as some of your correspondents seem to think. A well-known club of antiquaries JOHN PICKFORD, M.A. Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge. [T. F. D. refers also to Peter's seventieth letter, as containing an account of the "awful results that followed the drinking of the punch.] GEORGE III.'S DAUGHTERS (10th S. iv. 167, 236, 291, 336, 493). - COMMANDANT REBOUL will find references to the story of Capt. Garth in 'The Creevey Papers,' vol. ii. p. 196 (14 Feb., 1829), p. 197 (2 March), and p. 200 (19 March). RICHARD HEMMING. [MR. R. J. FYNMORE also refers to Creevey.] "PHOTOGRAPHY" (10th S. iv. 367, 435, 450, 490).-In my list of terms beginning with "photo" I omitted the common photozincography." The earliest record I have of this is in the following title: " Shakespeare's Sonnets, 1609...... Reproduced in Facsimile by the New Process of photozincography...... 1862." WM. JAGGARD. 139, Canning Street, Liverpool. JOHN PENHALLOW (10th S. iv. 507 ; v. 15).— In vol. iii. of Proceedings in Chancery: Elizabeth' (published 1832) there is mention of a case in which Richard Williams was plaintiff and John Penhallowe defendant. The object of the suit was personal, and the date 1597. This was possibly a relative of the John Penhallow who died in 1716. CHR. WATSON. Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. India. By Mortimer Menpes. Text by Flora Annie biographical; and by a characteristic and idealized portrait. The introduction is an important and admirably executed piece of work, and will be specially serviceable to the student who seeks to realize Blake's position as poet and dreamer. Blake's sources of indebtedness-which began in Shakespeare, and continued in Milton exemplified, and it is justly declared to be an ill day for him when he makes acquaintance with Swedenborg. We have not, however, to rhapsodize afresh on Blake, but simply to declare the edition perfect and ideal. are 'INDIA' is one of the handsomest and most interesting of the many handsome and interesting volumes which are the product of Mr. Mortimer Menpes's tour in the East. This eminent painter has caught -by methods which are partly his secret and partly his discovery the means of reproducing Indian and Japanese scenes with a fidelity and beauty The two volumes which follow are, in a sense, until recently unattainable. Englishmen are proud companions, since both are in some fashion conof what Kinglake calls their "loved India," and there cerned with Wordsworth. That poet's prose are few of us probably who could not exhibit at baggage is not large, but is none the less not need a photograph of the Taj Mahal at Agra or the inconsiderable. Poetry is a natural medium to him, river front at Benares. Those most familiar with and in his works of long breath answers most purIndia, however-the North-Western districts espe- poses of prose. Without being able to say of him cially-will find an opportunity of reviving their what is true of George Wither, that he converted pleasantest souvenirs. We know not which is the his muse into a maid-of-all-work, he gave her at more exquisite, the fidelity of the designs or the least a fair amount of drudgery. His preface and beauty of the atmosphere. No fewer than seventy-appendix to Lyrical Ballads contain much infive pictures are given of scenes in Delhi, Agra, telligent and valuable criticism. We may be parJeypore, Muttra, Benares, Peshawar, Amritsar, doned for saying that his correspondence with those Ajmere, Lahore, &c., most of them of ravishing love with whom we have enjoyed intimacy bridges over liness. Views are also provided of native women, for us a century. In the letters to Dyce, which are brides, market women, water-carriers, bazaars, neither numerous nor long, we come upon some shops, grain merchants, workers in silver and gold, very interesting literary comments. Dyce seems to fruit stalls, and vegetable markets. The colour in have presented Wordsworth with many of the these is wonderful. dramatic texts he edited. Letterpress is supplied by Mrs. Flora Annie Steel, the novelist, whose long residence in India and whose official experiences in the Punjab lend her opinions special value. Her descriptions, sketches, and statements do not directly correspond with the illustrations, but deserve study on their own account, and will do much to correct prevalent misapprehensions about India. What is said concerning Indian morality and the well-known native disrespect for truth is worthy of close attention, as is the account of "1857," of the way in which "Englishmen live to make mistakes and die to retrieve them.' Most interesting of all is what is said with reference to the influence of the Japanese victories over the native mind. This, however, is not the place in which to dwell upon subjects of this class, though it is difficult to shut our eyes to the ignorance that prevails in England concerning countries we have held for centuries. It is as a picture-book that the present volume enchants. We have spoken of its influence in stirring memories among those who recall the country. attractive is the volume in inspiring a desire to visit the scenes so splendidly depicted. Not less The Lyrical Poems of William Blake. Text by THESE three volumes constitute the opening instal- The Poems and Extracts chosen by Wordsworth' are printed literally from the original album presented in 1819 to Lady Mary Lowther, and have aquaint portrait of Wordsworth, almost like a Roman emperor laurel-crowned. Of the 92 pages of the MS., 32 are occupied with Lady Winchilsea. From Wither Wordsworth takes the immortal address to poetry, and some few selected passages in praise of his mistress from The Mistress of Philarete.' Other extracts are Webster's fine dirge from The White Devil,' Waller's 'Go, Lovely Rose,' and poems by Marvell, Cowper, Pope, and writers of the seventeenth and eighteenth cen turies. Wordsworth's introductory sonnet is given in facsimile from Miss Hutchinson's script. The last extract is Christopher Smart's Lines written while confined in a Madhouse.' The reprint of this volume is a boon to lovers of literature. The Development of the Feeling for Nature in the THIS is a useful work, but far too full of quotations, we are, |