ROMNEY PORTRAIT (10th S. iv. 410).-The north side, by William Warel wast, the blind second wife of Nicholas Kempe, of the Mint nephew of William the Conqueror (Bishop of and of the Villa, Chelsea, was Anne, daughter Exeter 1107-36) are reputed to be the and coheir of Mr. Meriton, of Oxford. After heaviest ringing peal in the world. Their the death of Nicholas Kempe, which occurred respective weights have been variously rein 1774, she married Dixon, the mezzotint corded, and generally exaggerated; but when engraver. Her beauty attracted many men Messrs. John Taylor & Co., the well-known of considerable note in their day to the bell-founders of Loughborough, put them in Villa, and the entertaining of these guests order a couple of years or so ago, the weights seems to have been the cause of financial were obtained accurately, and may be dedifficulties. Nicholas had mortgaged his finitely given as follows: No. 1, 7 cwt. 22 lb.; stipend as bullion porter at the Mint, but he No. 2, 8 cwt. 3 qrs. 10 lb.; No. 3, 8 cwt. 2 qrs.; managed to transfer his post to his son No. 4, 10 cwt. 1qr. 2 lb.; No. 5, 18 cwt. 4lb.; John, who thus partially paid his father's No. 6, 19 cwt. 19 lb.; No. 7. 28 cwt. 4lb.; debts by service. The Gentleman's Magazine, No. 8. 33 cwt. 2 qrs. 11lb.; No. 9, 40 cwt. in obituary notices of Nicholas Kempe and 3 qrs. 19 lb.; No. 10, 72 cwt. 2 qrs. 2 lb.; No. 11 his relatives, states that the children were (the half tone), 11 cwt. 1 qr. 8 lb.; making a "shorn of their just expectations" by total of 258 cwt. 1 qr. 17 lb., i.e. 12 tons 18 cwt. Nicholas-in his infatuation for his second 1 qr. 17 lb. wife leaving the family estate and his personal property to her unreservedly. This is not in accordance with facts, for by his will (P.C.C. 233 Bargrave), proved in 1774, he left only the income from his residuary estate to his wife Anne, with remainder to his three sons James, John, and Thomas Limburnum Kempe. He had, it seems, no real estate to leave, but among his effects was a piano on which Haydn composed his early works. Alfred John Kempe, F.S.A., a writer and antiquary of importance in his day, was grandson of the above-named Nicholas. He, as well as his father, was for a time employed at the Mint, and died in 1846, leaving little but his good name as a provision for his issue. He was buried with his beloved sister, Ann Eliza Bray, in Fulham Churchyard, where their monument may be seen with the simple legend "Brother and sister."

Engravings after Romney of Mrs. Dixon are still obtainable. I do not know where the original Romney is, but believe that the Rev. John Edward Kempe has a miniature of the lady. FRED. HITCHIN-KEMP.

6, Beechfield Road, Catford, S. E. HERALDIC (10th S. iv. 508).-The nearest approach to the coat given by SADI to be found in Papworth's Ordinary' is assigned to Cuily, co. Leicester, and is as follows: "Argent, on a chevron between three mullets of six points, pierced sable, a besant." This coat is also given in Burke's 'General Armory with the date of grant, viz. 4 Henry II. S. D. C.

[MR. J. RADCLIFFE also refers the coat to Cuily.]

BELLS (10th S. iv. 409).-The bells in the south Norman tower of Exeter Cathedralbuilt, with the corresponding one on the

No trustworthy record of the weight of the great bell known locally as Peter (originally at Llandaff), which hangs in stately solitude, in the opposite tower, can be quoted; but Messrs. Taylor do not consider it would turn the scale at more than 80 cwt.

A story was long current (I had heard it from my youth) that the vibration, when the bells in the south tower were rung, was so great that it caused joints in the old masonry to open and shut-so much so that the end of one's coat might, at times, be thrust between the stones. Hence-in consequence of reputed danger to the fabric-it was only on rare occasions the melodious notes of these bells were heard. When, therefore, on my first coming to Exeter in the sixties, I learned that on a given day a peal was to be rung, I hastened to the belfry, anxious to test the truth of the assertion. But the tradition appeared to be naught but a fairy tale. I could perceive no visible effect upon the massive stonework in question. HARRY HEMS. Fair Park, Exeter.

The weights of the largest bells are given, in pounds, in Chambers's Journal, 1 July, 1865, p. 415 (Bell Gossip'); in tons, in Haydn's 'Dictionary of Dates'; and, I think, in Lord Grimthorpe's book on 'Clocks, Watches, and Bells.' See also 'Church Bells' in The Sheffield Daily Telegraph, a series of articles published in pamphlet form in 1903.

J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL. Shrimpton's Historical Handbook and Guide to Oxford,' 1878, p. 143, gives a list of fifty bells in different countries, from Russia's largest bell, 443,772 lb., down to Beverley Minster, 5,000 lb., Great Tom of Oxford being 17,640 lb., and the thirty-first on the list.

Sandgate.

R. J. FYNMore.

10th S. V. JAN. 13, 1906.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

"SJAMBOK" ITS PRONUNCIATION (10th S. iv. 204. 332. 512).—In the Supplement to my 'Concise Dictionary' I have said that the Cape Dutch sjambok seems to have been adopted from the Malay chabok (Portuguese chabuco); also, that the Malay word is obviously borrowed from the Persian chabuk, alert, active," and which (as an adj ) means (as a sb.) a horsewhip." And I refer to Chawbuck' in N. & Q,' 9th S. iv. 456; Yule's Glossary, and 'Chabouk,'' Chawbuck,' WALTER W. SKEAT.

in 'N.E.D.'

66

·

66

Phillips, carpenter to George II. Its cost
was 23,0751., and it is 789 ft. long and 24 ft.
J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL.
wide.
6, Elgin Court, W.

THE BOAR'S HEAD (10th S. iv. 506).-At the annual Christmas supper of the Manchester Literary Club, of which Mr. George Milner is president, the boar's head is brought from the kitchen into the dininghall carried on high by the chef, and followed by a procession consisting of a cook (who carries a very large knife and a very small fork), a master of the revels, an usher, a The carol is the welljester, courtiers, minstrels, and singers, all in old-time costumes.

"Caput apri defero ":

The boar's head in hand bring I,
With garlands gay and rosemary;
I pray you all sing merrily
Qui estis in convivio.

ARCHIBALD SPARKE, F.R.S.L. There are so many grotesque stories as to the origin of this Christmas custom that it is interesting to discover what appears to be the true explanation. According to Puricelli (chap. iv., Dissert. Nazar.,' pp. 471–2),

CHALONER: THOMAS MEIGHEN: THE FOR-
TUNATE BOY (10th S. iv. 509).-There is a long
notice of the "Fortunate Youth," as he was
styled, in Gunning's 'Reminiscences of Cam-known
bridge,' chap. x., 1817 to 1820 (ii. 283-91),
under the heading Remarkable Imposture';
but it leaves him when the discovery is made.
His subsequent career is mentioned in a now
scarce book, Whychcotte of St. John's,' pub-
lished in 1833, and I believe written by the
Rev. Erskine Neale (once rector of Kirton,
an adjacent parish to Newbourne), a very
voluminous author. After alluding to the
bursting of the bubble, and the youth's
mysterious and sudden disappearance con-
sequent thereon, Mr. Neale records having
heard him preach a sermon, in a small
country church in Cheshire, on the fleeting
tenure of all earthly good (ii. 143-50). He
resided, so says the author, for some time in
France after his imposture, and then went to
St. Bees College, Cumberland, whence he
was ordained by Dr. Law, then Bishop of
Chester. Here again the story stops.
JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.

Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.
[MR. W. P. COURTNEY also refers to Gunning.]

"Neque hæc praxis inanis, seu mysterio vacua. Illud compertissimum est, apud nobiles etiam Mediolanenses inviolabiliter adhuc ex antiqua, et immemorabili majorum traditione hunc vigere usum, ut in Nativitate Domini suillas carnes, et ex in execrationem Judæorum, qui Messiam, et salesse natum, capite præsertim comedant, in prima mensa, veluti vatorem pertinaciter negant nobis obstinatique contendunt, antiquæ legis cæremonias, et ritus adhuc servandos esse, ac proinde a suillis etiam carnibus, tanquam immundis, adhuc abstinendum."

It was customary on Christmas night for the Curia and Papal household to be entertained at supper at Santa Maria Maggiore FULHAM BRIDGE (10th S. iv. 509). The at the conclusion of the Papal Mass, and it

du Pont

coloured print of La Veue
de Fulham Bridge' is probably that by
Chatelain, of which there is a copy among
the engravings in the library of the Corpora-

tion of London. It is described in the cata

logue thus: "A view of Fulham Bridge from Putney. Chatelain del., Roberts sculp." J. B. Chatelain was an English artist, born

in London in 1710, who, whenever his disso

lute habits permitted, gave undoubted proofs
of the excellence of his taste and the readi-
He was peculiarly
ness of his invention.
successful in his designs for landscapes, some
of which he engraved. His other engravings
are from the works of Gaspar Poussin and
Cortona. He died in 1744. The plan of the
bridge, completed in 1729, was drawn by
Cheselden, the great surgeon (Faulkner's
Fulham,' p. 6); and the builder was Mr.

devolved on the Cardinal Bishop of Albano
to provide at his own expense two boars'
heads ("duo optima busta porcorum ") for
the supper. On the death of Pope Inno-
cent III., in 1216, the expenses of this
banquet were no longer paid for by the
Statio ad S. Mariam
Although the
cardinal, but by the reigning Pontiff.

Majorem" is still held there on Christmas
been discontinued.
night, the "coena," alas! has for many years
HARTWELL D. GRISSELL, F.S.A.

Oxford.

SEVEN SACRAMENT FONTS (10th S. iv. 386). These fonts are somewhat rare, and are chiefly found in Norfolk. those I have seen was the Cathedral of Norwich.

The finest of some years ago in There are, how

Where F. K. gets his authority for fathering the desecration of the sculpture on the Gorleston Church font upon the notorious Will Dowsing" does not appear in evidence. We know this man-whom the Earl of Manchester appointed "visitor of the Suffolk churches" in 1643-prided himself upon his iconoclastic performances. But he had his compeers in the general work of destruction. Mr. A. C. Fryer, F.S.A., in his paper Upon Fonts with Representations of the Seven Sacraments,' to be found in vol. lix, (Second Series, vol. ix.) of The Archæological Journal (1902), remarks:

"Gorleston's font suffered severely about A.D. 1643 at the hands of one Francis Jessup, who in his Journal' remarks of Gorleston, We did deface the font and the cross there-on.' and adds he

lamented he could not destroy the stained glass in the upper windows, as no one in Gorleston would

tion is a large one, he has thrown ample light upon it. The general, if decreasing, ignorance regarding the English of Chaucer and his contemporaries must be my plea for the somewhat vague terms of the query. I shall now turn to the perusal of 'The King's Quair' with deepened interest.

It is to be hoped that in our schools and universities every advantage will be taken of the splendid work which has been done by PROF. SKEAT-the chief of a capable band of native scholars-for Chaucer and Middle English study. There are trustworthy signs, indeed, that an appreciation of it is rapidly growing among our educational authorities.

STUDENT.

In Peter's Letters to his Kinsfolk' (the date of which is about 1819), vol. iii. letter lxvii., is a description of a dinner-party at Glasgow, in which punch is a conspicuous feature. The sugar is melted with a little cold water; then lemons are squeezed over it, and the water poured on it. It is then called sherbet. Afterwards rum is added. At Jesus College, Oxford, is a silver-gilt

MELCHIOR GUYDICKENS (10th S. iv. 469, 537).—In the forties and early fifties there lived in Connaught Terrace, Hyde Park, now the west side of the Edgware Road, two old maiden ladies, the Misses Guydickens. They were friends of my mother, and were the daughters of General Guydickens, who, I surmise, was identical with Gustavus Guy-punch-bowl, holding ten gallons, and weighdickens, the son of Melchior. They were ing 278 ounces, the gift of Sir Watkin Williams related to the family of Viscount Tracy, a Wynne in 1732. title which is now extinct or dormant, I do An old recipe for punch-making ran:not know which. Lord Sudeley is the One of sour, two of sweet, present head of the Tracy family, and in all Three of strong, four of weak. probability he would be able to give MR. H. ATHILL-CRUTTWELL the required informaBASIL A. COCHRANE.

tion.

30, George Street, Manchester Square.

PUNCH, THE BEVERAGE (10th S. iv. 401, 477, 531).-In Saxon charters relating to Hampshire, Nos. 674, 787, 982 (Birch, C. S.'), occur the place-names "pungcheshyl" and dune, &c. The prefix survives in one locality in the names Punsholt Farm and Lane.

I have in a book on Surrey pointed out that in Rostrenen's Franco-Breton dictionary the word "Puncgz" is explained as a well or cistern. There are Roman remains in both places that might account for the cistern.

It appears to me that the beverage was probably introduced to the Dutch and English marine by the Breton sailors who brought over the cargoes of "right Nantes," and that the name came from the vessel in which it was brewed. Similarly, we now talk of "cup," whether of claret or champagne.

I fancy brandy was the first form of alcohol to be known commercially and apart from home distilling, and the Breton sailors were famous in early times.

Punch as a beverage is not so entirely extinct as some of your correspondents seem to think. A well-known club of antiquaries

JOHN PICKFORD, M.A. Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge. [T. F. D. refers also to Peter's seventieth letter, as containing an account of the "awful results that followed the drinking of the punch.]

GEORGE III.'S DAUGHTERS (10th S. iv. 167, 236, 291, 336, 493). - COMMANDANT REBOUL will find references to the story of Capt. Garth in 'The Creevey Papers,' vol. ii. p. 196 (14 Feb., 1829), p. 197 (2 March), and p. 200 (19 March). RICHARD HEMMING.

[MR. R. J. FYNMORE also refers to Creevey.]

"PHOTOGRAPHY" (10th S. iv. 367, 435, 450, 490).-In my list of terms beginning with "photo" I omitted the common photozincography." The earliest record I have of this is in the following title: " Shakespeare's Sonnets, 1609...... Reproduced in Facsimile by the New Process of photozincography...... 1862." WM. JAGGARD.

139, Canning Street, Liverpool.

JOHN PENHALLOW (10th S. iv. 507 ; v. 15).— In vol. iii. of Proceedings in Chancery: Elizabeth' (published 1832) there is mention of a case in which Richard Williams was plaintiff and John Penhallowe defendant. The object of the suit was personal, and the date 1597. This was possibly a relative of the John Penhallow who died in 1716.

CHR. WATSON.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.

India. By Mortimer Menpes. Text by Flora Annie
Steel. (A. & C. Black.)

'INDIA' is one of the handsomest and most interest-
ing of the many handsome and interesting volumes
which are the product of Mr. Mortimer Menpes's
tour in the East. This eminent painter has caught
-by methods which are partly his secret and partly
his discovery-the means of reproducing Indian
and Japanese scenes with a fidelity and beauty
until recently unattainable. Englishmen are proud
of what Kinglake calls their "loved India," and there
are few of us probably who could not exhibit at
need a photograph of the Taj Mahal at Agra or the
river front at Benares. Those most familiar with
India, however-the North-Western districts espe-
cially-will find an opportunity of reviving their
pleasantest souvenirs. We know not which is the
more exquisite, the fidelity of the designs or the
beauty of the atmosphere. No fewer than seventy-
five pictures are given of scenes in Delhi, Agra,
Jeypore, Muttra, Benares, Peshawar, Amritsar,
Ajmere, Lahore, &c., most of them of ravishing love
liness. Views are also provided of native women,
brides, market women, water-carriers, bazaars,
shops, grain merchants, workers in silver and gold,
fruit stalls, and vegetable markets. The colour in
these is wonderful.

66

Letterpress is supplied by Mrs. Flora Annie Steel, the novelist, whose long residence in India and whose official experiences in the Punjab lend her opinions special value. Her descriptions, sketches, and statements do not directly correspond with the illustrations, but deserve study on their own account, and will do much to correct prevalent misapprehensions about India. What is said concerning Indian morality and the well-known native disrespect for truth is worthy of close attention, as is the account of "1857," of the way in which Englishmen live to make mistakes and die to retrieve them." Most interesting of all is what is said with reference to the influence of the Japanese victories over the native mind. This, however, is not the place in which to dwell upon subjects of this class, though it is difficult to shut our eyes to the ignorance that prevails in England concerning countries we have held for centuries. It is as a picture-book that the present volume enchants. We have spoken of its influence in stirring memories among those who recall the country. Not less attractive is the volume in inspiring a desire to visit the scenes so splendidly depicted.

The Lyrical Poems of William Blake. Text by
John Sampson. (Frowde.).

Wordsworth's Literary Criticism. Edited by Nowell
C. Smith. (Same publisher.)
Poems and Extracts chosen by William Wordsworth.
(Same publisher.)

THESE three volumes constitute the opening instal-
ment of a specially dainty series, to be entitled
"The Oxford Library of Prose and Poetry." Each
is got up in a pretty and artistically designed cloth
cover, is printed in portable form with a well
executed and legible text, and with, in two cases
out of the three, an interesting frontispiece. Blake's
Lyrical Poems' are ushered in by an introduction
from Mr. Walter Raleigh, which is critical, and in
that respect illuminatory, and to a certain extent

biographical; and by a characteristic and idealized portrait. The introduction is an important and admirably executed piece of work, and will be specially serviceable to the student who seeks to realize Blake's position as poet and dreamer. Blake's sources of indebtedness-which began in Shakespeare, and continued in Milton -are exemplified, and it is justly declared to be an ill day for him when he makes acquaintance with Swedenborg. We have not, however, to rhapsodize afresh on Blake, but simply to declare the edition perfect and ideal.

The two volumes which follow are, in a sense, companions, since both are in some fashion concerned with Wordsworth. That poet's prose baggage is not large, but is none the less not inconsiderable. Poetry is a natural medium to him, and in his works of long breath answers most purposes of prose. Without being able to say of him what is true of George Wither, that he converted his muse into a maid-of-all-work, he gave her at least a fair amount of drudgery. His preface and appendix to Lyrical Ballads contain much intelligent and valuable criticism. We may be pardoned for saying that his correspondence with those with whom we have enjoyed intimacy bridges over for us a century. In the letters to Dyce, which are neither numerous nor long, we come upon some very interesting literary comments. Dyce seems to have presented Wordsworth with many of the dramatic texts he edited.

The Poems and Extracts chosen by Wordsworth' are printed literally from the original album presented in 1819 to Lady Mary Lowther, and have a quaint portrait of Wordsworth, almost like a Roman emperor laurel-crowned. Of the 92 pages of the MS., 32 are occupied with Lady Winchilsea. From Wither Wordsworth takes the immortal address to poetry, and some few selected passages in praise of his mistress from The Mistress of Philarete.' Other extracts are Webster's fine dirge from The White Devil,' Waller's 'Go, Lovely Rose,' and poems by Marvell, Cowper, Pope, and writers of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Wordsworth's introductory sonnet is given in facsimile from Miss Hutchinson's script. The last extract is Christopher Smart's Lines written while confined in a Madhouse.' The reprint of this volume is a boon to lovers of literature.

The Development of the Feeling for Nature in the
Middle Ages and Modern Times. By Alfred
Biese. (Routledge & Sons.)

THIS is a useful work, but far too full of quotations,
many of which have but little relation to the sub-
jects treated. The love of nature in the Middle
Ages, or, indeed, in any other period, cannot be
successfully dealt with without a far wider view
than the author has taken. Even now, when so
many write books, there are persons who feel a
deep and poetic interest in nature and her ways
who have never committed their thoughts to paper.
All those who have a taste for rural scenery do not
love trees and flowers, hills and streams, for the
same reasons. Some are attracted by form, others
by colour; and there is a third class-far greater
in number than is commonly thought-who care for
such things almost solely from their historical asso-
ciations. The men of the Middle Ages must have
been divided in thought as much as we are,
perhaps more. It is difficult to classify the direc-
tions in which their imagination led them. The