especially if ayded with a rowling eye and unchaste maried wife [as above to] hard-favoured woman looke......Socrates was wont to say that when a that is renoumed for her chastitie, is more honourable then she which is famous for her beautie." This is old excellent. We understand a fury in the words, but not the words. I have very little more to bring forward from Primaudaye, or rather to restore to Primaudaye from Greene. And my readers will rejoice with me. The elder writer becomes weightier, less mundane, and unsuitable for prose romances in his later chapters, but none the less good reading. Aria, the wife of Cecinna (ix. 316). These out themselves with frysled locks, sweet perfumes also come direct and word for word (almost...make men most dissolute and subject to folly: or exactly) from chap. xlviii. pp. 519, 520. But Greene makes a wicked jumble of two tales on p. 317. Primaudaye (p. 521) tells us of Pisca, whose husband was dying of an incurable illness, whereupon "they imbraced each other, and cast themselves headlong into the sea from the top of a rock." The other is of the wife of Pandoerus; having slain her husband, the King of Persia wanted to marry her, but she slew herself, saying, "The gods forbid that to be a queene I should ever wed him that hath beene the murderer of my dear husband." Greene takes this latter tale (verbatim), giving this wife the name of Pisca! There are several other examples in this chapter which find their place here and there in Greene's pieces. Such are Queen Hipsicrates; Hipparchia and Crates; Macrina, the wife of Torquatus; and Paulina, the wife of Seneca. There is in this chapter (pp. 516-17) an excellent example of Greene's reckless malquotation that I had nearly overlooked. Primaudaye says: : "That is an ornament (said the Philosopher Crates) that adorneth [he is speaking of modesty], & that thing adorneth a woman which maketh hir more honourable and this is not done by jewels of gold, emeralds, precious stones, or purple garments, but by everything that causeth hir to be accounted honest, wise, humble, & chaste...... But a discovered dug, a naked brest, frisled locks, paintings, perfumes, & especially a rolling eie, & a lascivious & unchast look, are the fore-runners of adultery......Socrates used to counsell those young men that behelde them-selves in looking-glasses, if they were harde favoured to correct their deformitie with vertue......and if they were faire, not to blot their beautie with vice. In like maner it were very good, that when the maried wife holdeth hir looking glasse in hir hand, she would speake thus to hir selfe if she be foule: what then shall become of me if I were also wicked? And if she be faire, how shall this be accounted of, if I continue honest and wise? For if a hard-favoured woman be loved for hir good behaviour and honest conditions it is greater honour unto hir than if it were for beautie." Let us see how Greene assimilates these excellent passages. He does it in 'Penelope's Web' (v. 200, 201). He found a reference to 'Queene Hipsicrates" on p 518, who bore such love to her husband, so he takes the name to conjure with : "Hipsicratea, being demaunded what was her richest Jewel, answered chastitie, alluding to the opinion of Crates the Philosopher, who was wont to say that is an ornament [as above to "humble and chast," reading sumptuous attyre" for "purple garments."] The Emperour Aurelius made certaine lawes to inhibit superfluitie of attyre, affirming that such that curiously paint In chap. liv., Of the Soveraigne Magistrate, and of his Authoritie and Office,' P. 590: "We will then briefly comprehend the dutie of the Magistrate in these three things, in ruling, in teaching, and in judging his people." Greene, at the close of his Farewell to Follie' (ix. 345), makes an approach to an acknowledgment: "The dutie of a magistrate, as I have heard a certaine Philosopher should set downe, consisteth in and judging." three especiall pointes, in ruling, teaching, I have now to say a few words upon the play 'The Tragical Reign of Selimus, sometime Emperor of the Turks' (1594), which Grosart has, I think correctly, attributed to Robert Greene, and printed amongst his collected works, and also, more carefully, in any importance to Grosart's arguments from "The Temple Dramatists." I do not attach textual considerations, for many of them are valueless-all of them, I might say; but they do no harm to his contention. One only should be excepted and accepted ("armstrong"). It has been referred to at the beginning of this paper. But the reason 'Selimus calls for mention here is this: the story appears to be taken from Primaudaye. This is an argument in favour of Greene's authorship. I have no early enough Turkish history to refer to for comparison, but the account I am about to quote is perhaps the source of the play. It is in chap. lix., Of the Education of a Prince in Good Manners and Condicions' (p. 642). It is a brief account, but matterful; and it is followed exactly, in every detail, in the play: "In Turkie, Selim the first of that name, beyng the third and youngest sonne of Baiazet the Second, usurped the Empire by the aide of the Ianitzaries upon his father, whome he caused to be poisoned, and slew Achmat and Corcuth, his two elder brothers, with all his nephewes, and others of Qttoman's race, saying that nothing was pleasaunter than to rule when all feare of kindred was taken away." would dizzy the arithmetic of memory, yet This would serve for an argument to prefix to the play. It is worth noting that Greene's name Acomat (Achmat), conveniently altered for metric purposes, would easily arise out of Primaudaye's 'MERCHANT OF VENICE,' II. ii. 80.-LaunceAchmat, by a slight abrasion in the limb of lot Gobbo says, "It is a wise father that the old "b," whose base is nearly closed. knows his own child." This seems to be a And no doubt Greene's copy was a well-reversal of the old saw, It is a wise child thumbed one. I have not studied this play that knows his own father." Can any one for the purpose of the present essay, since give the origin of the latter saying? prose is its object. Probably Primaudaye ISAAC HULL PLATT. will be found in it. I just note one passage, that of the tyrant Dionysius, Damocles, and the sword suspended "onely by one haire of a horse taile over his head (Primaudaye, chap. lviii. p. 638), which occurs in Selimus (11. 779-83), where the last line is " up onely by a horse's haire." The relation by Primaudaye may have suggested the plot to Greene. . Wallingford, Pa. 'TWELFTH NIGHT,' II. iv. 116: "GREEN AND YELLOW MELANCHOLY."-Many fanciful and unconvincing notes have been written upon these words. Fastened I have now finished my review of the relationships between these two writers. I find one mention of T. B.'s French Academy in Nicholas Storojenko's 'Investigation' of Greene's prose, in vol. i. (p. 154), prefixed to Grosart's edition. But it is so very misleading as to be erroneous, and speaks of the work as of date 1596, without any mention of its being a translation, or even of De la Primaudaye's name. It is to the effect that there is a reference in the preface of that edition (which I have not seen) to Greene's 'Repentance.' H. C. HART. (To be continued.) SHAKESPEARIANA. 'VENUS AND ADONIS': "LO, HERE THE GENTLE LARK."-What is the meaning here of the word " gentle"? It can hardly be used in our common sense of the term; for is not the lark one of the most pugnacious birds? Is it used in the stricter sense of the term? Compare "Gentles, perhaps you wonder at this show" (Midsummer Night's Dream'), and "He's gentle, and not fearful" "Tempest,' I. ii.). But if so used, why? LUCIS. 'HAMLET,' V. ii. 120: "AND YET BUT YAW NEITHER. "Mr. John Phin, of New York, in his new Shakespeare Monthly (16, St. Thomas Street, New York), makes an ingenious attempt to solve this obscure passage by the simple expedient of giving the word "but" its old meaning of "without," and retaining the word " yaw" as a term of seamanship. The entire passage would then read, "Though, I know, to divide him [Laertes] inventorially One reflection stands in the way of acceptation of most of them, in so far as they explain the colours, that green was the accepted hue of hope and rejoicing. There is a passage in The Historie of Promos and Cassandra' (1578), Part II. Act IV. sc. ii., that gives us a much more realistic conception. When a quean," or other unfortunate, received her punishment of the cart, she was placed sitting there, attired in green and yellow. pleasing image in such a beautiful connexion, but I think we cannot ignore it. passage is as follows :— It is not a The But see, their cost bestowde of fyne Lamia, Both Hoode and Gowne of greene and yellowe Hir garde weare Tipstaves all in blewe arraye, "HIS GLASSY ESSENCE," 'MEASURE FOR MEASURE,' II. ii. 120 (10th S. v. 264).-I hope you can find space, in answer to the query of LUCIS, for the following, which recently appeared in The New York Times.: Measure for Measure' is a corruption of the text It has been suggested that "glassy essence" in and grassy" and "ghostly" have been conjectured. But will not the two following passages make it clear without change? For now we see through a glass, darkly; but then face to face."-1 Corinthians xiii. 12. resembled to the imagery of the mind, every man "The reflection also from glasses, so usually knoweth to receive error and variety both in color, magnitude, and shape, according to the quality of the glass."-Bacon's 'Interpretation of Nature' Boston edition of Spedding's Bacon, vol. vi. page 61. The meaning then is that man is most assured of what he is really most ignorant, namely, his own essence which he can only see in a glass darkly. The expression is somewhat elliptical," but ellipsis is not unusual with Shakespeare. Shakespeare continually uses the word "glass" in the sense of a mirror. He uses the adjective glassy" in only three other places, in each case meaning "like a mirror. " They are as follows: As plays the sun upon the glassy streams. 'I. Henry VI.', V. iii. 62. That shows his hoar leaves in the glassy stream. 'Hamlet,' IV. vii. 168. Secrecies writ in the glassy margents of such books. 'Lucrece,' line 102. ISAAC HULL PLATT. Wallingford, Penn., March 2, 1906. Let me add that in the Revised Version the passage quoted from Corinthians is rendered, "For now we see in a mirror, darkly; but then face to face." This seems to bring the mirror a little more "face to face." I. H. P. Clarke's explanation is, I believe, generally accepted as plausible : "That essential nature of man which is like glass from its faculty to reflect the image of others in its own, and from its fragility, its liability to injury or destruction." and for whose edification, Shakespeare was Philadelphia. The reply is taken from an essay in the It is queried, "What does this mean?" Annals of Psychical Science for December, 1905, p. 355, entitled The Scientific Apprehension of the Superphysical World' : "The clairvoyant seer of the Apocalypse, speaking of the material of the superphysical world, in the metaphor readiest to him, describes it repeatedly as a sea of glass, like unto crystal, clear transparent glass. Shakespeare's unerring judg ment tells, in a wonderfully perspicuous passage, of the contemplation, by superphysical beings, of not man's material body, but his glassy essence." T. B. WILMSHURST. Tunbridge Wells. "ONEYERS," '1 HENRY IV.,' II. I. (10th S. iv. 443; v. 265).—In support of the interpretation "bankers" for this designation, there may be compared 'The Tempest,' III. iii. 48-9: Each putter-out of five for one will bring us Good warrant of. Here the allusion is to the recipient of bank money, but the expression can be readily associated with the "oneyer" of 'Henry IV. W. B. 66 Here "Gad," conscious of his association Schlegel and Tieck translate the phrase with Sir John, the Prince, and others, says "spröd wie Glas"-brittle as glass-which that "I am joined with......nobility and tranindicates the German acceptation. Indi-quillity, burgomasters and great oneyers," &c., vidually, I cannot help thinking it an all eulogistic, so honourable, not dishonourinstance of anacoluthia on the part of the able. As to moneyers," Halliwell calls it dramatist-of which there are others spora- Norman French as coiners, so degrading, not dically occurring in his works-especially A. HALL. when taken along with the immediate context, Shakespeare having perhaps in INSCRIPTIONS AT LUCERNE.-COL. PARRY, mind James i. 23, "like unto a man behold-in his note 'Inscriptions at Capri,' ante, ing his natural face in a glass." So in Hamlet,' IV. vii., the Queen, when describing Ophelia's death, says : There is a willow grows aslant a brook, That shows his hoar leaves in the glassy stream; and in Lear,' II. ii., the epithet "glassgazing" is among a score of others applied by Kent to Oswald. This would favour the following rendering of the passage :Man, proud man, Drest in a little brief authority, Most ignorant of what he's most assur'd, His glassy essence [i.e., his image seen in a glass, or viewing his image in a glass], like an angry honorific. p. 381, has set a good example, and one which, for the sake of genealogists, it is to be hoped will be widely followed. As my small contribution I append two inscriptions, in German, noted in May as being in the arcade surrounding the Hofkirche (Roman Catholic) at Lucerne : 1. Sarah Agnes Arnold, b. in Lancaster, 29 Aug., 1818; d. at Lucerne, 3 March, 1884. 2. Gustav Arnold, of Altdorf and Lucerne, d. 28 Sept., 1900; Sarah Agnes, née Walmsley, d. 3 March, 1884. CHAS. A. BERNAU. "ESHIN'": "BELTIN'"CANING.-So far as I remember, none, upwards of fifty years ago, talked of "caning" as punishment for an offence in or out of school. Good "eshin's" and good "beltin's" were the terms used for muscular punishments, the g being dropped. Men used to go and cut a good ash-plant sapling, with which to give bility of a steam voyage across the Atlantic." The writer joins issue with the doctor, as, in his opinion, even if a steamer could be built that would carry sufficient coal to last out the voyage across the Atlantic, the feat could not be accomplished in one trip, because the flues would get so choked with soot, &c., and the inside of the boiler so much coated with incrustration of salt, that it would be found necessary to put out the fires in mid-ocean and allow the boiler to cool, so as to enable men to enter the flues to clean them. The name of the sage who wrote this is not disclosed; but even while the learned gentlemen were discussing the various points involved in the problem, a company of merchants were building, at Bristol, a steamer of 1,200 tons burden to navigate directly between that port and New York. This was the S.S. Great Western, which sailed on 8 April, 1838, and made her first passage across the Atlantic in 13 days. A few hours before her another steamer, the Sirius, had arrived there from the Cove of Cork (now Queenstown). The successful trips of the Savannah in 1819 and of the Royal William in 1833 were evidently forgotten or ignored. With reference to these cf. 'The Atlantic Ferry,' does not mention the learned discussion at by Arthur J. Maginnis (London, 1892), who the British Association meeting. MASHAM FAMILY. (See 10th S. iv. 206, 317; v. 390.) Some twenty years ago I saw the tombs of the Mashams in the churchyard L. L. K. of High Laver, near Chipping Ongar. The slabs, raised on brick work, bore inscriptions, [Many references to early steam navigation are but these were quite obliterated, or filled with supplied in the General Index to the Ninth Series.] lichen. One tomb was pointed out beneath which Abigail Hill, Lady Masham was buried. Otes, the ancient seat of the Mashams, is within sight of the churchyard. The monument of John Locke, who died at Otes in 1704, is on the south wall of the church, and bears a long Latin inscription and the arms of his family, three hawks with padlocks in their beaks. JOHN PICKFORD, M.A. Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge. STEAM COMMUNICATION WITH AMERICA.In the Sixth Report of the Proceedings of the British Association meeting held at Bristol in 1836 it is stated briefly that "Dr. Lardner explained his views of the most advantageous modes of forming a steam communi. cation with the East Indies and North America"; and the reader is referred in a foot-note to The Edinburgh Review, 1837, on this subject. The article in vol. lxv. of this review, however, appears to be merely a comment on the views expressed by Dr. Lardner at the meeting on the question of "the practica Queries. formation on family matters of only private interest WE must request correspondents desiring in. to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that answers may be sent to them direct. 'THE DEAN OF BADAJOZ.-I shall be glad if any of your correspondents can tell me where I may find some information about this story. I have a copy in the handwriting of my mother, who gave it to me some seventy, or, it may be, more years ago; but where she got it I have never been able to discover. I have some vague impression of having seen the story mentioned fifty or more years ago in print, but have long since lost all trace of it. Is there not some mention of it in one of Bishop Thirlwall's letters? FRED. NORGATE. JOHN COOK, THE REGICIDE. Can any reader give me particulars of the date of birth, parentage, and career at the bar of H. ATHILL Cruttwell. [Some references to Cook's legal career will be found in Mr. Firth's notice of him in the 'D.N.B.'] John Cook or Coke, who was prosecuting français-celui de M. Loève-Veimars," which BUTLER OF TODERSTAFF. - In Urswick parish church is a brass, probably taken from the floor of the chancel: Here lyeth the Body of Dorothy daughter of Alexander and Dorothy Butler of Toderstaff, who died at Bardsea Hall in the sixth yeare of her age. September 26th, 1687." Is anything known of the Butlers or of Toderstaff? Bardsea Hall was then in the possession of the female De Bardesey line. Nicholas Bardesey died in 1586. He left his body to be "buryed in my parishe churche of Urswicke nighe to the place where the bodye of Anne Bardesey my wief was laid." The Hall came to his daughter Dorothy, wife of James Anderton, of Clayton-le-Woods. About 1720 Mary Anderton sold the Bardsea estate. Is it likely that little Dorothy Butler was а granddaughter or greatgranddaughter of Dorothy Anderton, née Bardesey? T. N. POSTLETHWAITE. Urswick Vicarage, near Ulverston. COL. A. R. DUNN.-I am anxious to discover the family crest and coat of arms of Col. A. R. Dunn. He served in the 11th Hussars and 32nd Regiment, was awarded the Victoria Cross in the Crimea, and died during the Abyssinian campaign, 25 January, 1868. His father was J. H. Dunn, Esq., who in 1848 was residing at 22, Hertford Street, Mayfair. If any of your readers can give me this information, or refer me to living members of his family, I shall be very grateful. M. G. DAUGLISH, Barrister-at-Law. 3, New Square, Lincoln's Inn. ROBIN HOOD IN FRENCH.-Quite recently I purchased a brochure entitled 'Thèse de Littérature sur les Vicissitudes et les Transformations du Cycle populaire de Robin Hood,' published by the Académie de Paris in 1832. The author of the thesis is a certain Constant Étienne Alfred Edward Barry, "Élève de l'École Normale, licencié-eslettres, aspirant au grade de docteur," from which I gather that he chose his subject as a thesis for his doctorate. But in his prefatory note he mentions inter alia a recueil St. Stephen's Rectory. C.-on-M., Manchester. 'PERCY FOLIO' IN "THE KING'S LIBRARY." In vol. ii. of this edition there is a song verse 4? sinot WILLIAM DAVIES. [Numerous editions of the Emblems' of Alciatus were published in Latin and French during the sixteenth century. Some of the early editions are valuable. Much depends on condition, binding, &c.] BLUNDEN FAMILY. -I shall be glad if some one can tell me if any relationship existed between Sir John Blunden, Bt., of Castle Blunden, co. Kilkenny, and John Blunden of Kilmacoliver, in the same county. Both gentlemen lived at the close of the eighteenth century; the latter's will was proved in 1811. (Major) OSBORNE GLYNN. Abbotsfield, Wrexham, N. Wales. SANTORIN AND ST. IRENE.-It is stated in some guide-book that the name Santorin, the ancient Thera, the most southern of the mean in 1 |