Johnson and Middleton." A foot-note at don, Essex, and widow successively of p. 318 of the second edition of Busteed's William Malory and Thomas Tyrell. She Echoes of Old Calcutta' states that among died shortly before 30 May, 1485, at which the Impey MSS. one folio volume is filled date her Inq.P.M. was taken. They had

seem to know less than foreigners. It may be that I
did not inquire at the proper sources, but I regret to
say that I was unable to find out anything about
Mantegna's house. I passed the inquiry on to my
brother-in-law, who is an architect, and he con- I
fessed his ignorance on the matter. At Porta
Pusterla there is certainly a technical school, but
I am not aware that any part of the building dates
from 1496. Still, I repeat that we are not well
posted in these matters, and you may possibly
ascertain something more definite from another
source."

CLASSICAL QUOTATIONS (10th S. v. 27).1. The two words TíσTEL KaTeXovoa may be found in 'Heliodori Ethiopicorum, Lib. I.,' towards the end of chap. ii. L. L. K.

SUSSEX INSCRIPTION (10th S. iv. 389).-The 1769. Two rival kings then arose, Mr. Plomer explanation surely is that a rough draft and Major William Brereton. Each was was made of the inscription, in which the powerfully supported, and for a time there dates were to be filled in; and without this were two Masters of Ceremonies. Finally, being done the stone-cutter got to work and the parties came to terms, and on 18 April, did the inscription. P. MONTFORT. 1769, Capt. Wade, son of the general, was appointed. Upon his resignation, on 8 July, 1777, there were seven candidates for the vacant position, and the situation seems to have been rendered more difficult from the fact that a New Assembly Room had been in existence since October, 1771. After an exciting contest the victory lay between William Dawson and Major William Brereton, when, at a meeting of the subscribers to the dress balls, it was thought advisable (or more politic), since Bath was growing larger and its visitors more numerous, to elect a Master of Ceremonies for each room. Thus Brereton and Dawson shared the throne, the former officiating at the Old, and the latter at the New Assembly Rooms. After three years the fighting major retired, and in 1780 Richard Tyson took his place. Both Masters seems to have been a success. wore beautiful medallions, and the new régime

3. The author of "Tam otii," &c., is not Seneca, though he may have quoted the dictum, but Cato. Cicero in his 'Pro Cn. Plancio,' cap. 27, § 66, says:

"Et enim M. Catonis illud, quod in principio scripsit Originum suarum, semper magnificum et præclarum putavi, clarorum virorum atque magnorum non minus otii quam negotii rationem exstare oportere."

The Origines' were published about B.C. 168, according to Mommsen.

JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.

[MR. P. J. F. GANTILLON also refers to Cicero.] WELSH POEM (10th S. iv. 208, 392, 516; v. 14). -I hope I may excusably add one word. It was not indifference to verification, but the lending of my copy of Dean Ramsay's volume, which caused me unwittingly to misinterpret that worthy humorist. I was impelled to quote from memory. Thus from T. F. D.'s comment I draw the more fitting conclusion, that it is wisdom indeed not to lend books. W. B.

THE KING OF BATH (10th S. v. 28).-The list which I desired seems to be supplied by no less an authority than Philip Thicknesse in 'The New Bath Guide' Possibly the "Censor-General of Great Britain, Professor

of Empiricism. and casual Compiler, Rape and Murder Monger to The St. James's Chronicle" was not so great a liar as he is painted, for his brief history of the Masters of Ceremonies shows none of the virulence or exaggeration that his enemies always ascribed to him. On the contrary, his account tallies with many details that are found in other

sources.

According to Governor Thicknesse, Capt. Webster held office from 1703 to 1710, and upon his death in the latter year was succeeded by his protégé, the famous Richard Nash. After the death of the ancient Beau, on 3 Feb., 1761, a Mr. Collect occupied the post for a brief period. Another notorious person then came into office, Samuel Derrick to wit, who, in spite of "much opposition "-I am quoting the "Gunner of Landguard Fort"-reigned until his decease on 28 March,

his book. A monograph on the dour, hardThicknesse reproduces their portraits in hitting governor-doctor would be a welcome addition to eighteenth-century literature, and, since biographers of Gainsborough seem generally to regard him as a prickly person, to be lightly handled, the work might be of some assistance to critics of art. There is plenty of material, and there is no reason why the book should not be well done. HORACE BREACKLEY.

Fox Oak, Walton-on-Thames.

In 'Selecta Poemata Anglorum,' and dated 1761, is a long Latin epitaph upon Beau Nash, by Gulielm King, LL.D., covering more than four pages; but whether inscribed in the Abbey Church at Bath I cannot say. Random' (published in 1748) when Melinda inquires the name of Tobit's dog, and receives the reply, "His name was Nash, and an impudent dog he was." In Humphry Clinker,' published by the same author in 1771, Tabitha Bramble's favourite dog Chowder, shows a formidable array of teeth at Derrick, a successor of Nash as M.C., and is summarily ejected.

We are introduced to Nash in Roderick

JOHN PICKFORD, M.A. Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

The following is a list of the Bath M.C.s down to the present time. Tyson and King ruled at the end of the eighteenth century: Capt. Webster, Beau Nash, Mr. Collette,

Mr. Derrick, Major Brereton, Capt. Wade, Mr. Dawson, Mr. R. Tyson, Capt. J. King, Mr. Le Bas, Mr. F. J. Guynette, Mr. Heaviside, Capt. Wyke, Capt. Marshall, Col. Jervois, Lieut. Nugent, Lieut.-Col. England, Capt. Gataker, and Major Simpson (the present holder of the office). Capt. Wade (a natural son of Field-Marshal Wade) was, as your correspondent surmises, the Master of the Ceremonies at Brighton. W. T.

vocably lost to religion. They were felons and traitors. It does not seem probable, then, that they were buried at cross-roads merely to be under the protection of a cross that was usually erected there. Such a thing seems contrary to the barbarity with which they were generally treated. As an example of what was not uncommon, I will relate what occurred in France so late as 1749. The corpse of Portier, the suicide, was dragged through the streets of Paris, with

AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (10th S. its face scraping the ground, to the place of iv. 168).—

There is so much good in the worst of us,
And so much bad in the best of us,
That it ill becomes any of us

To talk about the rest of us,

is from the pen of R. L. Stevenson, according
to a 1906 Calendar published by R. A. Court,
Caxton House, Nottingham (see month of
March).
CHAS. A. BERNAU.

JOHN PENHALLOW (10th S. iv. 507; v. 15, 37).
This name will be found in the Calendar
of the Inner Temple Records,' iii. 369. On
15, 16, 17, and 19 June, 1702, are the nomina-
tions of those called to the Bar at the par-
liament held on 23 June, together with the
names of William Goodenough, John Pen-
hallow, and William Courtney.
W. P. COURTNEY.

"WAS YOU?" AND "YOU WAS" (10th S. i. 509; ii. 72, 157; v. 32).-Some of your readers will remember that Horace Walpole declares in one of his letters that the invariable three questions of the royal family at a levee or drawing-room were : 66 Do you love riding?" "Do you love music?" "Was you at the opera?" NORTH MIDLAND.

SUICIDES BURIED IN THE OPEN FIELDS (10th S. iv. 346, 397, 475, 514).-It must be remembered in connexion with this subject that all suicides were not punished in the same way. It was not a matter of law, but of custom, which was regulated by the monks, and which naturally varied in different places and at different times. While most suicides were buried at crossroads, some were not buried at all; some (those that had killed themselves in the sea) were buried on the coast; and some, as I uphold, were buried in the fields. These are, of course, a few only of the customs, and do not all relate to any one country or district. In 1st S. vi. 353 a case is cited of a burial at the junction of the estates of three different Flintshire landowners.

Suicides were under ecclesiastical disabilities, and were looked upon as irre

common execution. It was suspended there
by the feet for twenty-four hours, taken
down, and flung on the highway to be
devoured by beasts. Although France was
on the whole more barbarous than we were,
in
Scotland, as may be seen by referring to
of great brutality occurred
1st S. v. 272.

a case

There seems to be little doubt that the to keep his ghost from rising and disturbing stake driven through a suicide was intended the neighbourhood at night. Whether it was or was not intended as an insult, it acted

as one.

have been well explained, and that is why
There is one thing that does not seem to
these mysterious burials were by law obliged
to take place in the dark, between certain
hours.
H. T. SMITH.

In the church wardens' accounts of Wandsworth parish for the period 28 May, 1609, to 15 March, 1610, occurs this entry: "Payd for Cou'ing a poore mans grave in the fielde, iij." Would this refer to a suicide not buried in the churchyard? I may add that in the burial register there is no entry of any one being buried in the fields. LIBRARIAN. Wandsworth.

NAPOLEON'S CORONATION ROBE ITS GOLD BEES (10th S. v. 9).-The robes are, or recently were, to be seen at Tussaud's Waxwork Exhibition in London. The bees with which they are thickly covered are made of gold thread, and, as far as can be made out, are so rendered in David's well-known Coronation picture at the Louvre, in Paris. It has often been suggested, and sometimes denied, that in his choice of the bee as an emblem Napoleon was influenced by the golden bees found in 1653 at Tournai, in the tomb of Childeric. Some of these are still to be seen in Paris. I believe in the same building as the Bibliothèque Nationale; but they are not well suited for robe decoration, and it is doubtsuch a purpose. ful if there were ever enough of them for

H. J. O. WALKER, Lieut.-Col.

(10th S.
OCEAN, 'MID HIS UPROAR WILD
v. 47).-Coleridge is quoting his own poem
'Ode on the Departing Year,' section vii.
W. BENHAM.

DR. VOLLMER will find the above in
Coleridge's 'Ode on the Departing Year,'
R. A. POTTS.
11. 129-30.

DR. VOLLMER will find the lines in the 'Ode
on the Departing Year' in the second edition
"to which are added
of Coleridge's poems,
Poems by Charles Lamb and Charles Lloyd,
1797."
Lamb in a letter to Coleridge
(2 January, 1797) writes: "The address to
Albion is very agreeable, and concludes even
beautifully:-

Speaks safety to his Island child."

S. BUTTERWORTH.
"THESE ARE THE BRITONS, A BARBAROUS
RACE
(10th S. iv. 510; v. 31).-My first sip
of English history was taken from a humbler
vessel than that mentioned by MR. R. B.
MARSTON, and yet I believe it to have been
the article sought by your Minnesota corre-
spondent. In the early forties a little paper-
covered book, of some twenty leaves, was put
into my hands to minister to my pleasure
and my pains. It was called, I think, 'Our
Native England; or, the Historical House
that Jack Built, and had on every page a
short verse and a woodcut, referring to the
period or the monarch to which it was appro-
priated. I do not remember either the
of the publisher or that of the author, but I
know the ingenious creature began with the
words that head my reply, and that the
opening stanza was :—

These are the Britons, a barbarous race,
Chiefly employed in war or the chase,
Who dwelt in Our Native England.

name

77

H. B. W.
It may have been issued by the firm of
Clapham.
Mozley.

SPLITTING FIELDS OF ICE (10th S. iv. 325, 395, 454, 513; v. 31).-The Editor will doubtrefer to all the notes that had preceded less allow me to apologize for my failure to mine. It is certainly advisable that the beginning of a series of notes should be looked up. and I regret that in the present instance I did not do this. Lowell's reference to 'The Prelude' has been known by me since the F. JARRATT. beginning of 1895, when a copy of his essays came into my possession.

CHURCH SPOONS (10th S. iv. 468; v. 13, 56). -In Cripps's 'Old English Plate,' sixth edition, p. 349, the pierced spoon is referred to as follows:

'Such caddies [tea] were usually also supplied with a small spoon with pierced bowl and long pointed handle, used for straining the tea and clearing the spout of the teapot before the introinsertion of the spout. duction of the fixed strainer at the inner end or erroneously, called strawberry spoons."

Eastbourne.

These are often, but

A. R. H.

There was originally a spoon amongst the sacramental plate at Hinton St. George, Somerset. It was, however, lost some time previous to 1870, and inquiry as to its whereabouts was made at that time by the incumbent, but with what success I have never

heard.

FREDERICK T. HIBGAME.

THE CONDADO (10th S. v. 47).-" The Condado" probably means Barcelona. That city is still constantly called "La Ciudad Condál" in the Spanish newspapers, in reminiscence of the rule of her former "Counts." E. S. DODGSON.

Then he faced the Romans, and, after succinctly arousing the learner's curiosity-W. Hazlitt, in about them, cleverly ran him back again to the Britons, thus :

These are the Romans, a people bold,
Of whom many wonderful stories are told;
They conquered the Britons, a barbarous race,
Chiefly employed in war or the chase,
Who dwelt in Our Native England.
And so on to good Queen Victoria.

ST. SWITHIN.

In the British Museum Catalogue we find entered "Cuckow (G. J.). Our Native England; or, the Historical House that Jack built; being the History of England made easy in Familiar Verse, &c., Derby, 1838." This is probably the little book that your correspondent in Minnesota is in search Cook, but by Cuckow. of. It is not by

"PASSIVE RESISTER" (10th S. iv. 508; v. 32). - W. Hazlitt, in his translation of M. Guizot's Introductory Discourse' to 'The History of the Revolution in England' ("Bohn's Standard Library "), says at p. 17, "The new government [i.e., the Commonwealth] encountered at first only passive resistance; but this it encountered everywhere"; and on p. 18, "To the passive resistance of the country were soon added, against the government of the republic, the attacks of its enemies."

The first use of this collocation of adjective and substantive I should expect to find in the works of some divine to whom the doctrines of "passive obedience" and "nonresistance" (immortalized in the third verse of 'The Vicar of Bray') were familiar.

JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.

I have read that Wordsworth condemned these lines, whilst he commended Dryden's translation. CHAS. A. BERNAU.