ing women are to be considered by the Conference, one at least of the advisers should be a woman." (Article 389.) (3) Nomination of non-Government Delegates and Advisers.

"The Members undertake to nominate non-Government Delegates and advisers chosen in agreement with the industrial organisations, if such organisations exist, which are most representative of employers or workpeople, as the case may be, in their respective countries." (Article 389.)

In a country where there are several organizations of workers and employers, all of these organizations may be taken into consideration in the nomination of a workers' and employers' delegate, and not simply that one which has the largest membership, even though the one may be the "most representative." The Netherlands government in 1921 nominated a delegate in agreement with certain trade unions having a membership of 282,455 trade unionists, none of which organizations had a membership in excess of 155,642. Another organization which did not agree with the nomination had a membership of 218,596 trade unionists. The Permanent Court held that the delegate was properly nominated.10

(4) Communication of Names of Delegates and Advisers. "The names of the Delegates and their advisers will be communicated to the International Labour Office by the Government of each of the Members." (Article 389.)

(5) Credentials of Delegates and Advisers.

"The credentials of Delegates and their advisers shall be subject to scrutiny by the Conference, which may, by two-thirds of the votes cast by the Delegates present, refuse to admit any Delegate or adviser whom it deems not to have been nominated in accordance with this Article." (Article 389.)

1 Publications of the Permanent Court, Series B, No. 1.

B. MEETINGS OF THE GENERAL CONFERENCE.

"The meetings of the General Conference of Representatives of the Members shall be held from time to time as occasion may require, and at least once in every year." (Article 389.)

"The meetings of the Conference shall be held at the seat of the League of Nations, or at such other place as may be decided by the Conference at a previous meeting by two-thirds of the votes cast by the Delegates present.' (Article 391.)

C. PROCEDURE OF THE GENERAL CONFERENCE.

(1) Speaking and Voting.

"Advisers shall not speak except on a request made by the Delegate whom they accompany and by the special authorisation of the President of the Conference, and may not vote.

"A Delegate may by notice in writing addressed to the President appoint one of his advisers to act as his deputy, and the adviser, while so acting, shall be allowed to speak and vote." (Article 389.)

"Every Delegate shall be entitled to vote individually on all matters which are taken into consideration by the Conference.

"If one of the Members fails to nominate one of the nonGovernment Delegates whom it is entitled to nominate, the other non-Government Delegate shall be allowed to sit and speak at the Confeernce, but not to vote.

"If in accordance with Article 389 the Conference refuses admission to a Delegate of one of the Members, the provisions of the present Article shall apply as if that Delegate had not been nominated." (Article 390.)

(2) Agenda.

"The agenda for all meetings of the Conference will be settled by the Governing Body, who shall consider any

suggestion as to the agenda that may be made by the Government of any of the Members or by any representative organisation recognised for the purpose of Article 389." (Article 400.)

"The Director shall act as the Secretary of the Conference, and shall transmit the agenda so as to reach the Members four months before the meeting of the Conference, and, through them, the non-Government Delegates when appointed." (Article 401.)

"Any of the Governments of the Members may formally object to the inclusion of any item or items in the agenda. The grounds for such objection shall be set forth in a reasoned statement addressed to the Director, who shall circulate it to all the Members of the Permanent Organisation.

"Items to which such objection has been made shall not, however, be excluded from the agenda, if at the Conference a majority of two-thirds of the votes cast by the Delegates present is in favour of considering them.

"If the Conference decides (otherwise than under the preceding paragraph) by two-thirds of the votes cast by the Delegates present that any subject shall be considered by the Conference, that subject shall be included in the agenda for the following meeting." (Article 402.)

(3) President and Committees.

"The Conference shall regulate its own procedure, shall elect its own President, and may appoint committees to consider and report on any matter." (Article 403.)

(4) Vote necessary for Action.

"Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Part of the present Treaty, all matters shall be decided by a simple majority of the votes cast by the Delegates present.

The voting is void unless the total number of votes cast is equal to half the number of the Delegates attending the Conference." (Article 403.)

(5) Appointment of Experts.

"The Conference may add to any committees which it appoints technical experts, who shall be assessors without power to vote." (Article 404.)

(6) Submission of Recommendations and Draft Conventions.

"When the Conference has decided on the adoption of proposals with regard to an item in the agenda, it will rest with the Conference to determine whether these proposals should take the form: (a) of a recommendation to be submitted to the Members for consideration with a view to effect being given to it by national legislation or otherwise, or (b) of a draft international convention for ratification by the Members.

"In either case a majority of two-thirds of the votes cast by the Delegates present shall be necessary on the final vote for the adoption of the recommendation or draft convention, as the case may be, by the Conference.

"In framing any recommendation or draft convention of general application the Conference shall have due regard to those countries in which climatic conditions, the imperfect development of industrial organisation or other special circumstances make the industrial conditions substantially different and shall suggest the modifications, if any, which it considers may be required to meet the case of such countries.

"A copy of the recommendation or draft convention. shall be authenticated by the signature of the President of the Conference and of the Director and shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the League of Nations. The Secretary-General will communicate a certified copy of the recommendation or draft convention to each of the Members." (Article 405.)

D. POWERS OF THE GENERAL CONFERENCE.

It will be noted that the function of the Conference is limited to the submission of recommendations or of draft conventions

to the Members. Legislative power over the Members, is, therefore, not vested in the Conference itself. A careful study of the Treaty, however, shows that under the Constitution of the Permanent Organization, the ratification by two or more Members of any convention drafted by the International Conference under Article 405, constitutes a contract legally binding on the members ratifying. That the law of the Permanent Organization of Labour requires the observance of such contract by the parties and provides definite sanctions to compel the observance of that law appears from the following articles:

"Any of the Members shall have the right to file a complaint with the International Labour Office if it is not satisfied that any other Member is securing the effective observance of any convention which both have ratified in accordance with the foregoing Articles."

"The Governing Body may, if it thinks fit, before referring such a complaint to a Commission of Enquiry, as hereinafter provided for, communicate with the Government in question in the manner described in Article 409.

"If the Governing Body does not think it necessary to communicate the complaint to the Government in question, or if, when they have made such communication, no statement in reply has been received within a reasonable time which the Governing Body considers to be satisfactory, the Governing Body may apply for the appointment of a Commission of Enquiry to consider the complaint and to report thereon.

"The Governing Body may adopt the same procedure either of its own motion or on reecipt of a complaint from a Delegate to the Conference.

"When any matter arising out of Articles 410 or 411 is being considered by the Governing Body, the Government in question shall, if not already represented thereon, be entitled to send a representative to take part in the proceedings of the Governing Body while the matter is under consideration. Adequate notice of the date on