fewer because lay effort is increasing rapidly. Causes for the falling off are being offered in great numbers. The cause least often presented, but probably nearest the truth, is the improved worldly conditions surrounding the clergy as a class. Salaries are increasing, better houses are offering to live in, elaborately equipped plants are multiplying. With these come a waning of the ministerial necessity. Ambition seeks large, not small things. Martyrdom, more or less pronounced, is always popular. Ease, good pay, long vacations, with their accompanying small responsibility, small service, are not popular, when compared with the same attainments in secular life. The Brooklyn pastor who, receiving $7,500 a year, was surprised by his trustees with an increase to $9,000, was robbed of the heroic, for himself and for many who might come after him. rial point of view, is a swift ship. Efforts are now making to build a ship that will make the voyage in three days. Do this, he says, and Porto Rico will become the winter garden for all America east of the Mississippi river, landing tropical fruits in January into the cities of Chicago, St. Louis, and the rest, in three and four days. While in Porto Rico Dr. Ryder organized a Congregational church in Humacao, with 280 members. Chautauqua Lectures. The genesis of a traveling faculty of Chautauqua lecturers emerges from the experience of the Director of Extension of the Chautauqua Institution during the past two years. A lecture presenting a comprehensive statement regarding the history and scope of Chautauqua, illustrated by lanternslides showing both summer and winter work of the Institution, has been in great Religious Conditions in New Possessions. demand. In recent months five sets of Dr. C. J. Ryder, one of the secretaries of the lecture have been in constant use, Chauthe American Missionary Association, return- tauqua workers having given it in Montana, ing from Porto Rico, says the discouraging Oregon, Colorado, North Dakota, South feature of the situa- Dakota, Kansas, Iowa, Connecticut, Massation there is the chusetts, Idaho, Missouri, Rhode Island, and negro class, number- Maine. The Director of Extension, Mr. Frank ing 400,000, who A. Cattern, has delivered the lecture more dwell on the rice and than seventy-five times during the past year sugar lands around in New York, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Ohio, the very shores of Illinois, Michigan, Kentucky, Tennessee, the island, who are Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Texas, Florintensely needy and ida, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, quite as ignorant. West Virginia, Vermont, New Hampshire, The hopeful contin- and Canada. Churches, court houses, agrigent is the Porto cultural colleges, and other educational Ricans, numbering institutions were opened to him; in many 500,000, who dwell in places Chautauqua circles attended in a the interior, and who body, and in many others the lecture was form the material followed by the organization of circles. out of which prosperous and religious striking thing about these tours is the Porto Rico is to be created. This crea- universality of Chautauqua's appeal in behalf tive task must fall upon the churches of of individual and community uplift. Results the United States. The national govern- suggest the possibilities of a traveling faculty ment may control. It may even educate. of Chautauqua lecturers who could periodBut it cannot and will not furnish the uplift. ically visit Chautauqua circles and supply The 100,000 Spaniards are, he says, as that personal inspiration which would bitter as Bourbons can be, and will remain enormously enhance Chautauqua's influence So. The hope of Porto Rico, from a mate- in behalf of popular education. THE LATE E. L. GODKIN, Editor and Author. The Literature SKETCHES and Portraits of More than One Hundred of the Writers for Chautauqua Publications During the Past Three Years R EADERS of Chautauqua literature have a peculiar personal interest in those who write for them. They demand a great deal from authors, and when those demands are met they have a pardonable curiosity to see what the writers look like and to hear about what else they have done. The constituency is a loyal one, as many an author can testify who has had the opportunity of appearing before a Chautauqua audience at one of the summer assemblies. Obviously, however, even the author who appears on the platform at an assembly cannot relate those bits of personalia which make one feel a sense of personal acquaintanceship. In the course of the evolution of Chautauqua Readings the trend has been away from compendiums of information toward intensive study of periods in history, phases of literature, and scientific developments. It is comparatively easy to find scholars who are prepared to treat these subjects for trained students in college or university, and who are quite ready to write for the purpose of impressing their contemporaries or critics with their superior knowledge. But it is another thing to find the higher type of teacher who knows his subject so well that he can play with it; who knows how to explain things simply, accurately, entertainingly if you please, so that earnest, if not highly trained, minds may be able to follow and gain real knowledge. The best of educators covet the performance of such service, and the statement is made with pride that during the last three years no less than fifty-five members of the faculties of thirty of the leading colleges and universities of the United States have contributed to Chautauqua's output of home reading. But all the helpful specialists are by no means confined to the faculties of our higher institutions of learning. We have drawn largely upon the teaching profession in all kinds of schools, and beyond that the range of contributors to Chautauqua literature contains an extremely interesting variety. BOOK WRITERS FOR THE AMERICAN YEAR. 66 "three years For the American year, ago, the authors of the C. L. S. C. books included Professor Henry A. Beers, of Yale University, Professor Richard T. Ely, of the University of Wisconsin, and Mrs. Florence Merriam Bailey. Mr. Beers, born in Buffalo, New York, the author of "Studies in American Letters," has been since 1880 professor of English literature at Yale, of which institution he is a graduate, class of 1869. One of the older C. L. S. C. books, "From Chaucer to Tennyson," was written by him, his first book of note being "A Century of American Literature," 1878. Among his other volumes may be mentioned "Prose Writings of N. P. Willis," "The Ways of Yale," and "A History of Romanticism in the Eighteenth Century.' Richard T. Ely, author of "The Strength and Weakness of Socialism," a native of Chautauqua county [Ripley], New York, has made an exceptional impression as a teacher of economics. Early life on the farm gave him a valuable point of view. He taught for many seasons at Chautauqua during the summer, and his lectures attracted wide attention. His Political Economy" used in the C. L. S. C. course for 1889-90, and his "Outlines of Economics" in the course for 1893 4. He supplemented the book on Socialism with a series of articles in THE CHAUTAUQUAN on "The Progress of Socialism 66 was Since 1893," which admirably summarized series of further hints in the pages of THE the latest developments. CHAUTAUQUAN. Mrs. Florence Merriam Bailey [born Locust Grove, New York] is a recognized authority on this subject, through observation and field work. She is a sister of Dr. C. Hart Merriam, ornithologist of the United States Department of Agriculture, and in her work has been aided and encouraged by him. While at Smith College she organized an Audubon Society for the protection of birds, and afterwards made a study of birds and bird-life not only at her home but also along the Pacific coast, and in Utah and Arizona. Other books by Mrs. Bailey include "My Summer in a Mormon Village," "A-Birding on a Broncho," and "Birds of Village and Field." Dr. Ely is a graduate of Columbia University, class of 1876. After receiving a doctor's degree at Heidelberg he was professor of political economy at Johns Hopkins University, 1881-1892. Since 1892 he has been at the head of the School of Economics, Political Science and History at the University of Wisconsin. Dr. Ely was one of the originators of the American Economic Association, for seven years its managing secretary, and twice elected president. A number of his volumes have been translated into Japanese, Dutch, and Italian. The "Outline of Economics" has been printed in raised characters for the blind. Dr. Ely has edited Crowell's "Library of Economics and Politics," and is now the editor of Macmillan's "Citizens' Library." Among his In the "French-Greek year," 1900-01, well known books are: "Labor Movement the four C. L. S. C. books were "The in America," "Taxation in American States French Revolution," "Grecian History," and Cities,' "Social Aspects of Chris-" Homer to Theocritus," an outline history tianity," "The Social Law of Service," of classical Greek literature with selected "Monopolies and Trusts." translations, and "The Human Nature Club," an introduction to the study of mental life. 66 The book on Abraham Lincoln " was a compilation of papers by the martyred president, with classic selections from the writings of the Honorable Carl Schurz, Henry Watterson, editor of the Louisville Courier Journal, Ralph Waldo Emerson, John Greenleaf Whittier, and James Russell Lowell. An edition of "Birds Through an Opera Glass" gave practical directions for birdstudy, which the author supplemented by a BOOK WRITERS FOR THE FRENCH-GREEK YEAR, Three of these books, all of which were written especially for the Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle, have since been published for the general book trade. The book on "The French Revolution" was the outgrowth of a series of lectures upon this subject delivered at Chautauqua in 1896 by Professor Shailer Mathews, of the University of Chicago. His interpretation of the forces which entered into that far-reaching historical phenomenon warranted book publication for study. Mr. Mathews [born Portland, Maine] was graduated from Colby University in 1884, from Newton Theological Seminary in 1887, studied in the University of Berlin 1890-91, became assistant professor of English in Colby University for a term of two years, then occupied the chair of History and Political Economy for five years, going thence to the University of Chicago in 1894. At the present time Mr. Mathews is professor of New Testament History and Interpretation and Junior Dean of the Divinity School; one of the editors of The Biblical World and The American Journal of Theology, and general editor of the Macmillan Company's "New Testament Handbooks." Among his published works are "Select Medieval Documents" (1892, 1900), "The Social Teaching of Jesus" (1894). "A History of New Testament Times in Palestine (1899). James Richard Joy, the author of "Grecian History," as far back as 1888 prepared an" Outline History of Greece" for the C. L. S. C. course, in collaboration with Bishop John H. Vincent, Chancellor of Chautauqua. The next year an "Outline History of Rome" was prepared in the same manner. Later Mr. Joy furnished an "Outline History of England, ""Rome and the Making of Modern Europe," and "Twenty Centuries of English History" for succeeding courses. He is probably known to more Chautauqua home audiences than any other current Chautauqua author. In his new book for next year's course, "Ten Englishmen of the Nineteenth Century," the British achievements of the marvelous century just passed are presented in the form of fascinating biography. Mr. Joy has been for several years a member of the editorial staff of the Methodist Book Concern in New York. He is of New England [Groton, Massachusetts] birth and ancestry, and was graduated from Yale in 1885. In 1891 he received the degree of master of arts from the same university in recognition of the studies embodied in the "Outline History of England," which was included in the Chautauqua course. Mr. Joy has written "An Essay on the Greek Drama," "Twenty Centuries of English History," and "Rome and the Making of Modern Europe." His most recent work in genealogy is "Thomas Joy and His Descendants," a contribution to New England local and social history in the seventeenth century. In "Homer to Theocritus" intelligent study of classical Greek literature, by means of standard translations in English, was made possible and, it may be added, the volume is of real value to the student of the original Greek texts. An enlarged edition of the book, to make a more complete outline of Greek literature is on the market. The author, Edward Capps, was graduated from Illinois College in 1887. During the college year 1887-1888 he was an instructor in Latin and Greek in Illinois College. Then he went to Yale. and took his doctor's degree in 1891. He was an instructor of Latin in the university for two years; in 1892 he became assistant professor of Greek in Chicago University, and has been successively promoted to associate and full professorships in the same institution. In 1893 and 1894 Professor Capps was with the American School at Athens. In 1894 he directed-for the American School of Classical Studies at Athens - the excavations of the theater at Eretria, in Euboea. Professor Capps's published writings have been chiefly confined to articles on philological subjects in the special journals of the profession, with an occasional article or review in more popular journals. Many of these articles have been written upon matters connected with problems now receiving wide attention the ancient Greek theater and the antiquities of the drama. Edward L. Thorndike's "Human Nature Club" gave readers a taste of the presentday "laboratory method" of studying psychology. A continued story of observation of mental processes was interpreted chapter by chapter in the terms of the science of psychology. The author of this unique book (recently added to the list for the Ohio Teachers' Reading Circle) is an instructor in genetic psychology at the Teachers' College, Columbia University, New York. Dr. Thorndike [born Williamsburg, Massachusetts] was graduated from Wesleyan University in 1895. spent the two following years at Harvard University, was university fellow in psychol ogy at Columbia University in 1897-98, and received the degree of Ph. D. in psychology from Columbia University in 1898. He has published various researches in the field of animal psychology and educational psychology, and is assistant editor of the Popular Science Monthly and lecturer on psychology at the Wood's Hole Marine Biological Laboratory. BOOK WRITERS FOR THE ITALIAN-GERMAN YEAR. The C. L. S. C. books of the "ItalianGerman year" were "Men and Cities of Italy," "Studies in the Poetry of Italy," "Imperial Germany," and "First Steps in Human Progress." The first named volume contained a condensed historical review of "The Roman Empire" by Mr. Joy; a sketch of "The Italian Republics," edited from the Italian by Mrs. Elizabeth Wormeley Latimer; and three famous lectures on "The Makers of Modern Italy," first delivered to Oxford University Extension students, by J. A. R. Marriott, of New College and Worcester College, England, Oxford lecturer in modern history and political economy. Besides the translation, for which Mrs. Latimer was especially fitted by study and experience, use was made of her own manuscript lectures upon the period. Mrs. Latimer, daughter of Rear Admiral Wormeley of the English navy, was born in London, but now lives in Baltimore and is devoting her time to literary work. The list of her volumes shows a remarkable output. |
