charges until, on his arrival at another port, he shall proceed to discharge cargo, when he shall pay the duties on vessel and cargo, according to law. And the tonnage duties shall be held due after the expiration of the said 48 hours. In case of the absence of the Consul or person charged with his functions, the captain or supercargo of the vessel may have recourse to the Consul of a friendly power, or, if he please, directly to the superintendent of Customs, who shall do all that is required to conduct the ship's business.

XX. The superintendent of Customs, in order to the collection. of the proper duties, shall, on application made to him through the Consul, appoint suitable officers, who shall proceed, in the presence of the captain, supercargo, or consignee, to make a just and fair examination of all goods in the act of being discharged for importation or laden for exportation on board any merchant vessel of The United States. And if disputes occur in regard to the value of goods subject to ad valorem duty, or in regard to the amount of tare, and the same cannot be satisfactorily arranged by the parties, the question may, within 24 hours, and not afterwards, be referred to the said Consul to adjust with the superintendent of Customs.

XXI. Citizens of The United States who may have imported merchandize into any of the free ports of China, and paid the duty thereon, if they desire to re-export the same in part or in whole to any other of the said ports, shall be entitled to make application, through their Consul, to the superintendent of Customs, who, in order to prevent fraud on the revenue, shall cause examination to be made, by suitable officers, to see that the duties paid on such goods as are entered on the Custom-House books correspond with the representation made, and that the goods remain with their original marks unchanged, and shall then make a memorandum in the portclearance of the goods and the amount of duties paid on the same, and deliver the same to the merchant, and shall also certify the facts to the officers of Customs of the other ports; all which being done on the arrival in port of the vessel in which the goods are laden, and everything being found, on examination there, to correspond, she shall be permitted to break bulk and land the said goods without being subject to the payment of any additional duty thereon. But if, on such examination, the superintendent of Customs shall detect any fraud on the revenue in the case, then the goods shall be subject to forfeiture and confiscation to the Chinese Government. Foreign grain or rice brought into any port of China in a ship of The United States, and not landed, may be re-exported without hindrance.

XXII. The tonnage duty on vessels of The United States shall be paid on their being admitted to entry. Duties of import shall be paid on the discharge of the goods, and duties of export on the

lading of the same. When all such duties shall have been paid, and not before, the collector of Customs shall give a port-clearance, and the Consul shall return the ship's papers. The duties shall be paid to the shroffs authorized by the Chinese Government to receive the same. Duties shall be paid and received, either in syce silver or in foreign money, at the rate of the day. If the Consul permits a ship to leave the port before the duties and tonnage dues are paid, he shall be held responsible therefor.

XXIII. When goods on board any merchant vessel of The United States in port require to be transshiped to another vessel, application shall be made to the Consul, who shall certify what is the occasion therefore to the superintendent of Customs, who may appoint officers to examine into the facts and permit the transshipment. And if any goods be transshiped without written permits they shall be subject to be forfeited to the Chinese Government.

XXIV. Where there are debts due by subjects of China to citizens of The United States, the latter may seek redress in law; and, on suitable representations being made to the local authorities, through the Consul, they will cause due examination in the premises, and take proper steps to compel satisfaction. And if citizens of The United States be indebted to subjects of China, the latter may seek redress by representation through the Consul, or by suit in the Consular Court; but neither Government will hold itself responsible for such debts.

XXV. It shall be lawful for the officers or citizens of The United States to employ scholars and people of any part of China, without distinction of persons, to teach any of the languages of the Empire, and to assist in literary labours; and the persons so employed shall not for that cause be subject to any injury on the part either of the Government or of individuals; and it shall in like manner be lawful for citizens of The United States to purchase all manner of books in China.

XXVI. Relations of peace and amity between The United States and China being established by this Treaty, and the vessels of The United States being admitted to trade freely to and from the ports of China open to foreign commerce, it is further agreed that, in case at any time hereafter China should be at war with any foreign nation whatever, and should for that cause exclude such nation from entering her ports, still the vessels of The United States shall not the less continue to pursue their commerce in freedom and security, and to transport goods to and from the ports of the belligerent powers, full respect being paid to the neutrality of the flag of The United States: provided, that the said flag shall not protect vessels engaged in the transportation of officers or soldiers in the enemy's service, nor shall said flag be fraudulently used to enable the enemy's

ships, with their cargoes, to enter the ports of China; but all such vessels so offending shall be subject to forfeiture and confiscation to the Chinese Government.

XXVII. All questions in regard to rights, whether of property or person, arising between citizens of The United States in China, shall be subject to the jurisdiction and regulated by the authorities of their own Government; and all controversies occurring in China between citizens of The United States and the subjects of any other Government shall be regulated by the Treaties existing between The United States and such Governments, respectively, without interference on the part of China.

XXVIII. If citizens of The United States have special occasion to address any communication to the Chinese local officers of Government, they shall submit the same to their Consul or other officer, to determine if the language be proper and respectful, and the matter just and right, in which event he shall transmit the same to the appropriate authorities for their consideration and action in the premises. If subjects of China have occasion to address the Consul of The United States, they may address him directly at the same time they inform their own officers, representing the case for his consideration and action in the premises; and if controversies arise between citizens of The United States and subjects of China, which cannot be amicably settled otherwise, the same shall be examined and decided comformably to justice and equity by the public officers of the two nations, acting in conjunction. The extortion of illegal fees is expressly prohibited. Any peaceable persons are allowed to enter the court in order to interpret, lest injustice be done.

XXIX. The principles of the Christian religion, as professed by the Protestant and Roman Catholic churches, are recognised as teaching men to do good, and to do to others as they would have others do to them. Hereafter those who quietly profess and teach these doctrines shall not be harassed or persecuted on account of their faith. Any person, whether citizen of The United States or Chinese convert, who, according to these tenets, peaceably teach and practice the principles of Christianity, shall in no case be interfered with or molested.

XXX. The Contracting Parties hereby agree that should at any time the Ta-Tsing Empire grant to any nation, or the merchants or citizens of any nation, any right, privilege, or favour connected, either with navigation, commerce, political or other intercourse, which is not conferred by this Treaty, such right, privilege, and favour shall at once freely enure to the benefit of The United States, its public officers, merchants, and citizens.

The present Treaty of Peace, Amity, and Commerce shall be

ratified by the President of The United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, within one year, or sooner, if possible, and by the august Sovereign of the Ta-Tsing Empire forthwith; and the ratifications shall be exchanged within one year from the date of the signatures thereof.

In faith whereof, we, the respective Plenipotentiaries of the United States of America and of the Ta-Tsing Empire, as aforesaid, have signed and sealed these presents.

Done at Tientsin this 18th day of June, in the year of our Lord 1858, and the independence of the United States of America the 82nd, and in the 8th year of Hienfung, 5th month, and 8th day. (L.S.) WILLIAM B. REED. (L.S.) KWEILIANG.

(L.S.) HWASHANA.

CONVENTION between The United States and China, for the Regulation of Trade.-Signed at Shanghai, November 8, 1858.

WHEREAS a Treaty of peace, amity, and commerce between the Ta-Tsing Empire and the United States of America was concluded at Tientsin, and signed at the Temple of Hai-Kwang on the 18th day of June, in the year of our Lord 1858,* corresponding with the 8th day of the 5th moon of the 8th year of Hienfung; which said Treaty was duly ratified by His Majesty the Emperor of China on the 3rd day of July following, and which has been now transmitted for ratification by the President of The United States, with the advice and consent of the Senate; and whereas in the said Treaty it was provided among other things that the tariff of duties to be paid by citizens of The United States on the export and import of goods from and into China shall be the same as was agreed upon at the Treaty of Wang-hia, except so far as it may be modified by Treaties with other nations, it being expressly agreed that citizens of The United States shall never pay higher duties than those paid by the most favoured nations; and whereas since the signature of the said Treaty material modifications of the said tariff and other matters of detail connected with and having relation to the said Treaty have been made under mutual discussions by Commissioners appointed to that end by the Plenipotentiaries of China, Great Britain, and France, to which the assent of the United States of America is desired and now freely given, it has been determined to record such * Page 606.

assent and agreement in the form of a supplementary Treaty, to be as binding and of the same efficacy as though they had been inserted in the original Treaty.

ART. I. The tariff and regulations of trade and transit hereunto attached, bearing the seals of the respective Plenipotentiaries of The United States and the Ta-Tsing Empire, shall henceforward and until duly altered under the provisions of Treaties be in force at the ports and places open to commerce.

In faith whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries of the United States of America and of the Ta-Tsing Empire, to wit, on the part of The United States, William B. Reed, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary; and on the part of the Ta-Tsing Empire, Kweiliang, a member of the Privy Council, Captain-General of the Plain White Banner Division of the Manchu Bannermen, and Superintendent of the Board of Punishments; and Hwashana, Classical Reader at Banquets, President of the Board of Civil Office, CaptainGeneral of the Bordered Blue Banner Division of the Chinese Bannermen, both of them Plenipotentiaries; with Ho Kwei-tsing, Governor-General of the two Kiang Provinces, President of the Board of War, and Guardian of the Heir-Apparent; Mingshen, President of the Ordnance Office of the Imperial Household, with the Insignia of the Second Grade; and Twan, a titular President of the Fifth Grade, member of the Establishment of the General Council, and one of the junior Under Secretaries of the Board of Punishments, all of them Special Imperial Commissioners deputed for the purpose, have signed and sealed these presents.

Done at Shanghai, this 8th day of November, in the year of our Lord 1858, and the Independence of the United States of America the 83rd, and in the 8th year of Hienfung the 10th month and 3rd day.

(L.S.) WILLIAM B. REED.

(L.S.) KWEILIANG.

(L.S.) HWASHANA.

(L.S.) HO KWEI-TSING.

(L.S.) MINGSHEN.

(L.S.) TWAN.