and vineyard interests of the state. In San Francisco there are one hundred and fifty officers of instruction, besides demonstrators and other assistants, and six hundred students. Tuition in the colleges at Berkeley, during regular sessions, is free to residents of California; non-residents pay a fee of $10 each half-year. In the professional colleges, in San Francisco, except that of law, tuition fees are charged. The instruction in all the colleges is open to all qualified persons, without distinction of sex. The constitution of the state provides for the perpetuation of the university, with all its departments."

Going back for a moment to beginnings, we find the idea of a State University a fixed part of the plans of the builders of the state, for as early as 1849 brave and far-seeing men of brains were making plans for the higher education of young men and women yet unborn, laying deep the foundations of the present vast and growing institution.

From 1849 to 1869 the discussion of ways and means in the development of the great educational idea was a part of the mental activity of the times, the ambition to achieve something of permanent value being ever foremost in the minds of the rugged pioneers.

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To Thomas H. Greer, state senator from Sacramento, belongs much of the honor of the initiative in the matter of building of the university. At the very first session of the legislature he gave notice that he would introbill to establish and endow a state university. During the interim between the first and second sessions of the legislature the senator's mind. was full of the projects of starting a university. In New York, where he was visiting in November, 1850, he planned the outlines of his scheme for the state's chief educational institution. In January, 1851, he submitted to the legislature much of his data and correspondence on the subject. This awoke general interest and enthusiasm and won to the support of his ambition many able and influential men.

For many years able leaders like Sherman Daw, an influential man of the times, labored for the founding of a university on broad and permanent ; and in March, 1868, under the leadership of the Reverend Samuel B. Bell, representing Alameda and Santa Clara counties in the senate, a law was passed establishing the university.

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This bill was but the culmination in legal enactment of plans previously

urged with force and eloquence by many men of the type of Robert C. Rodgers, of San Francisco, and Charles E. Mount, of Calaveras-all pioneered, however, as before said, by Senator Greer.

Former President Kellogg, of the university, aptly said that the institution was not the offspring of any one mind, however, nor the result of any single legislative step. It was a product due to a combination of forces, setting steadily from the first toward the one great issue.

The College School at Oakland, established in 1860, with the Reverend Isaac Brayton in charge and the late Frederick M. Campbell as vice-principal, teacher of literature, etc., was the nucleus to which was built the university itself. When the College at Oakland was fully ready to burst from its chrysalis into the State University, John W. Dwinelle, one of the master spirits of the time, and a lawyer of note, was chosen to prepare the charter, and the organic law governing the institution was drawn by him.

The inception of the work of building the university fell to Governor Haight, who was ex-officio president of the Board of Regents. Governor Haight appointed regents without delay. He and they met and organized on June 9, 1868. On June 25th of the same year we find Regents Doyle, Dwinelle, Stebbins, Moss and Felton digesting plans for the organizing of colleges, and it has always been held by friends of the institution, as well as by educators who have investigated the question, that they drew their plans well and laid deep the foundations of the University of California.

On December 1, 1868, a number of professors were elected, among them the illustrious John Le Conte. The others were Professors Kellogg, Fisher, Joseph Le Conte-afterward world-famous-and others. Professor John Le Conte arrived in California in March, 1869, and soon thereafter he arranged the courses of instruction, set the requirements for admission, and issued a prospectus for the coming year. On June 14, 1869, in the absence of the president, Professor John Le Conte was appointed to discharge the duties of the office of president. Later his brother, Joseph Le Conte, became one of the strongest and most beloved professors of the university, to which he was devoted unto the day of his death. Much of the fame of the university is due to his illustrious career.

During the early years of the institution its curriculum was necessarily meager, but instruction was thorough so far as it went. Each year of the

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growth of the university the work has been broadened and made more comUnder President Benjamin Ide Wheeler, its present able executive, one can predict the limit of its growth and influence.

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CHAPTER XIX.

STANFORD UNIVERSITY.

By George A. Clark.

INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT THE GREAT INSTITUTION OF LEARNING FOUNDED BY THE LATE UNITED STATES SENATOR LELAND STANFORD-FACTS ABOUT THE GRounds, the CURRICULUM, ANd the Manner IN WHICH IT IS FULFILLING ITS MISSION.

Leland Stanford Junior University is located at Palo Alto, California, about thirty-five miles southeast of San Francisco and eighteen miles northeast of San Jose in the Santa Clara valley. The university campus comprises 9,000 acres of land, partly in the level of the valley and partly rising into the foothills of the Santa Moreno mountains which separate it from the Pacific ocean, thirty-three miles distant. The Bay of San Francisco lies in front at a distance of three miles, and beyond it are the mountains of the Diablo range. In addition to the Palo Alto ranch on which the university is situated, its landed endowment comprises the Vina ranch of 59,000 acres in Tehama county and the Gridly ranch of 22,000 acres in Butte county.

The university was founded by Senator Leland Stanford, and his wife, Jane Lathrop Stanford, as a memorial to their only son who died in Italy in his sixteenth year. The founders desired that the university should give a training primarily fitted to the needs of young men. Both sexes are admitted to equal advantages in the institution, but the number of young women who attend at any given time has since 1899 been limited to 500. This number has not yet been reached, but when it is the limitation will be made to apply first to special and irregular students, and afterward as need arises to the freshmen and sophomore classes. It will therefore be many years before. any young woman need be actually excluded from at least two years of university work at Stanford.

The object of the university as stated by its founders is "to qualify