this brutality: "He slipped his right foot back out of the stirrup, and kept it in readiness on the flank of his horse; then, manœuvring to make the man pass on that side, he launched the toe of his heavy boot against the pit of the man's

not his stomach, Mr. Berkeley means] went down like a shot." Then he searched his victim's bag, and "was extremely disappointed to find in it nothing but rabbits."

cient and powerful family. It requires the successive efforts of a great many "progenitors" to produce such a marvel as this Honorable. In the very first chapter we read of "the Berkeley influence,' ," "the witch of Berkeley," "the customs of the Berkeleys-their duties and privi-stomach with such force that the latter [the man, leges," "value of the Berkeley estates," "strength and antiquity of the Castle," and, finally, of the practice of " Lynch law" by the Berkeleys. It might be expected that they would leave this practice to the "dirty Yankees ;" but great men have their weaknesses-as a French writer once remarked, "most men are mortal." Not only this, but in this very first chapter we are introduced to a Prince of Wales and to several dukes. This is only a foretaste of what is to follow, however. The book is full of the best company; titles gleam on every page; and if what Mr. Berkeley has to tell of his friends the princes, royal dukes, earls, counts, barons, and other high and mighty "nobility and gentry" is of the dullest, and often not of the most decent, that is perhaps because these personages were in truth neither brilliant nor decorous.

The book opens with "Mary Oldacre, my nurse," and the remarkable incident that she handed him, one day, "the keys of the Shrubbery Gate of the Castle." "It is impossible," he tells us, "to express the affection with which, at this age and long subsequently, I regarded this most faithful and attached servant." Turning over the page, we are informed farther that she and her husband now 66 share the sleep of eternal peace," whatever that may mean; and our author adds, "I do not remember what is their epitaph.' Much as he loved them, he evidently did not trouble himself about a gravestone for them.

"The Prince of Wales and his royal brothers" were frequent visitors to the Castle, where they amused themselves by making sport of the other visitors. One " Jeremiah Hawkins, Esq., of the Haws," a Gloucestershire Squire, was among these, and the Duke of Clarence thus "drew him out:"

"Well, my good friend," the Duke said, after dinner, "do you ever wear breeches and topboots?"

"Please your Greece," replied Jerry, "I seldom wears ony thing else."

"I hear you are not afraid of water," continued the sportive "Royal Highness;" "do you ever wash your feet?"

"Sometimes in summer, please your Greece, when it's hot!" was Squire Hawkins's honest reply.

When Mr. Berkeley's father died there was a quarrel about the succession between two of the brothers, which was carried to the House of Peers, and in the course of it the history of "Miss Tudor"-the name by which the mother of these hopefuls was known during a part of her life at the Castle-was pretty thoroughly published. It was decided that she was not legally married to Lord Berkeley till after her fourth son was born. Of one of his brothers, Colonel Berkeley, he says that he has no virtues and all the vices. He preferred the most disreputable society, and traveled the country as an amateur actor. Some of the other brothers appear to have been no better than this one. Mr. Berkeley relates that after his mother's death, when his sister, Lady Mary Berkeley, desired to live in "the old house in Spring Gardens," she was driven out of it, because her brother, Colonel Berkeley, insisted on bringing his mistress to the house.

The Honorable Mr. Berkeley tells us that his mother was the daughter of a petty tradesman, and for many years his father's mistress. Her sister Susan was also, at one time, "living under the protection of a man able to maintain her." He adds: "There is reason to believe that she, in addition, received a considerable sum of money from Lord Berkeley (the writer's father), for placing her sister in his hands." One of Mr. Berkeley's earliest recollections, he tells us, is of an attempt at something very like forgery, practiced under his father's roof, by "the heads of the family." An "extraordinary instrument, made to hold two pens, connected, but at some distance from each other, by a brass rod," was used in these attempts; one was dry, the other the operators charged with ink; and then, holding the dry one in their hands, passed it carefully over some signatures or writ-rooks on the heads of contemplative Dons, as ing, on an old paper or parchment, anxiously observing if the marks made by the inked pen corresponded with those they traced with the dry one."

The father practiced summary Lynch law upon his estates. Riding along a public path one day he met "a fellow" carrying what the lord suspected, for some reason, to be a well-filled game-bag. Whereupon he coolly perpetrated

Young Berkeley was early taught boxing by his elder brothers, who thought it fine sport to make him fight the stable-boys or to pick a quarrel with street boys or men. His brother Moreton, when at college, instead of studying, kept a pack of hounds, and in spring kept a gun in his room, and with small charges "dropped the old

they walked unsuspiciously beneath the trees of Corpus." Boxing, horse-racing, and hunting were held in greater honor among the young Berkeleys than books or study; and of schooling the writer of this book appears to have received but a moderate quantity. He became an officer in "the Guards" when he was scarcely more than a boy; and appears, from his own accounts, to have passed the remainder of his life either in

Parliament-where, as he mentions with great | pride, he on all occasions voted as his brother desired him to-and in the hunting field, where he became a doughty hunter of foxes, and a "Yes he is, my lord," replied the pastryready promoter of quarrels among his fellow-cook; "but he is so hot I can't hold him." hunters. The two volumes of his autobiography "Why the deuce don't you ice him then?" contain here and there a few traits of English | politely rejoined his lordship.

"Oh yes, certainly, Sir-if you say so," was to pay for a dinner, he pocketed the sum dethe peaceable answer.

nobleman was a glutton, and besides "very fond | As it is an autobiography from which we have of low female society." At Crockford's this been culling these few stories, it is but right that person once met Mr. Berkeley, and invited him we should finish with a personal trait of charto dine at eight.' "I've ordered such a din-acter. Mr. Berkeley relates of himself: "In ner here to-day, of old Ude!” he said. "There's enough for two; and I'll order something more. Let's dine together." At eight Mr. Berkeley came, but found no dinner. The Earl of Stair had "dined long ago-and deuced good it was," as he explained, picking his teeth by the window. He had eaten a dinner for two.

Our author informs the world that in foxhunting his brother, Colonel Berkeley, "had a peculiar knack of his own of applying very wild names and rough epithets personally to such people" as did not ride to suit him. "His language," he adds, "though extremely violent and abusive, was not a bit more severe than that of Assheton Smith, Lord Southampton, mine, or Lord Ducie's;" and he relates that Colonel Berkeley once said to the last-named, "Well, I hear you're a greater blackguard, out with your hounds, than I am."

"No, I'm not," replied Ducie; "you beat me; for I never d-d a man's soul by the color of his horse."

Colonel Berkeley, it seems, had "fancifully" addressed himself to an offender's "chestnut soul."

Hyde Park I very nearly bought at my own price rather a nice horse. It had just bolted with its owner, who could not ride. He was evidently a muff in hand and seat, and the animal went clean over the rails that separated the grass from the gravel, while he fell heavily off without the horse coming down. The latter did not run away, and the rider was unhurt, but as he again took hold of the reins I saw that he regarded his steed with a look of distrust.

"That, Sir, is a vicious beast,' I exclaimed, and not fit to ride in London; if you'll sell him I'll give you twenty pounds, and run all risks from his temper.'

"Thank you, Sir,', replied the discomfited equestrian, rather confused by his fall; 'I do not think him safe, and I will take-' Here he hesitated, and having reflected for a moment, added, 'No, Sir, I will not take your offer.' So saying, and regarding me at the same time with rather an offended look, as if he fancied I intended to do him, he led his horse away."

This would be counted pretty sharp practice in some countries and in more unsophisticated society than that of London.

Monthly

UNITED STATES.

United States Senator in 1849. On the disruption UR Record closes on the 31st of December.- of the parties in 1852, Mr. Chase went over to the

OUR Record closes on 5th of December. In the

Senate Mr. Farwell appeared from Maine in place of Mr. Fessenden, who had resigned to accept the post of Secretary of the Treasury. In the House Mr. Ingersoll took the place of Mr. Lovejoy, from Illinois, deceased; Mr. Knox that of Mr. Frank Blair, from Missouri, resigned; Mr. Townsend that of Mr. Stebbins from New York, resigned. Mr. Poston appeared as delegate from the Territory of Arizona; Mr. Worthington was qualified as member from the new State of Nevada. The only important changes in the standing committees are that in the Senate Mr. Sherman, of Ohio, is chairman of the Committee on Finance, in place of Mr. Fessenden, appointed Secretary of the Treasury, and Mr. Grimes, of Iowa, was appointed chairman of the Naval Committee in place of Mr. Hale, of New Hampshire. The credentials of five Representatives and two Senators, claiming seats from Louisiana, were presented and referred. The question will come up for consideration whether the election at which they were chosen was a valid one.

Hon. Salmon P. Chase, of Ohio, was nominated by the President, and unanimously confirmed by the Senate, as Chief Justice of the United States, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of the late Chief Justice Taney. Mr. Chase was born in New Hampshire, January 13, 1808. He commenced the practice of the law at Cincinnati in 1831. In 1841 he first began to take a prominent part in politics, acting with that portion of the Democratic party opposed to the extension of slavery, and was elected

newly organized Republican party. In 1955 he was

elected Governor of Ohio, and was re-elected in 1857, his second term closing in 1860. In that year he was one of the leading candidates for the Presidency, and had also been again chosen Senator. He resigned this post to accept the office of Secretary of the Treasury in Mr. Lincoln's Cabinet; he held this post until June 30, 1864, when he resigned, and was succeeded by Mr. Fessenden. In 1864 he was suggested for the Presidency, but declined to become a candidate, and gave his support to Mr. Lincoln.

The President's Message opens with a brief resumé of our relations with foreign Powers, which are pronounced to be "reasonably satisfactory." No mention, however, is made of our relations with France; the complications with Brazil, growing out of the capture of the Florida, are only briefly alluded to; and in consequence of the outrages on our Canadian frontier, the President recommends that notice shall be given that, after six months, the United States will be at liberty to increase its naval force on the northern lakes. He recommends further legislation to protect immigrants, and encourage emigration to this country. He estimates the production of gold and silver in the mineral region of the Pacific slope at $100,000,000 for the last year. The movement for the total abolition of slavery is, he says, though short of success, still in the right direction. In Arkansas and Louisiana loyal State Governments, with free Constitutions, have been organized; movements to the same end, though

From Customs
From Lands

From Direct Taxes.............
From Internal Revenne.
From Miscellaneous Sources..
From Loans
Total receipts.

RECEIPTS.

$102,316,152 99

588,333 29

475,648 96

109,741,134 10 47,511,448 10 623,443,929 13 $884,076,646 77

EXPENDITURES.

$600,791,842 97

85,723,292 79

53,685,421 69

27,505,599 46

7,517,930 97

War Department..
Navy Department.
Interest of Public Debt
Civil Service..
Pensions and Indians

Total expenditures
Balance on hand

........... $865,234,087 86 $18,842,558 91

...........

The two most important items of Miscellaneous sources are premiums on gold and silver, about $18,644,000, and Commutation Money, $12,451,000. The Secretary estimates the actual expenditures of the current fiscal year, ending June 30, 1865, at $895,729,000, and the receipts under existing laws at $382,355,000, leaving to be provided for, $512,374,000. He hopes that Congress will so modify the Internal Revenue law as to produce $50,000,000 additional, which will leave $482,374,000 to be added to the public debt; which will then be, on the 1st of July, 1865, about $2,223,000,000. For the next fiscal year, ending June 30, 1866, for which provision must be made this year, he estimates a gross deficiency of about $422,000,000, making the public debt on the 1st of July, 1866, about $2,645,000,000. These estimates are, of course, based upon the supposition that the war continues. The Secretary recommends, among other things, that the Internal Revenue Tax be augmented; that the Income Tax be applied to all incomes, graduated, however, according to their amount; that the mineral domains of the United States be made available either by absolute sale or by renting them; and that there should be no banks of issue except such as are authorized by the national Government.

less definite, have been made in Missouri, Kentucky, and Tennessee; Maryland is secure for freedom. The President recommends the passage by the present Congress of the Act, passed by the Senate at the last session, but which failed to receive the requisite two-thirds vote in the House, submitting to the States an amendment to the Constitution, prohibiting Slavery in the United States. The recent election shows, he says, that this Act will pass the next Congress, and it is merely a question of time when the matter shall be referred to the States. The vote at the late Presidential election is referred to as showing that, in spite of the waste of war, the loyal States have increased in population. A table was furnished showing that in 1860 the States which are now loyal cast 3,870,222 votes. The same States, with the addition of the two new States of Kansas and Nevada, cast, in 1864, 4,015,773 votes; showing, notwithstanding a decrease of nearly 150,000 votes in Kentucky, Missouri, and Maryland, a net increase of 145,751 votes; to which should be added at least 90,000 for the votes of soldiers in States which failed to pass laws enabling soldiers to vote. The table, as made up in the Message, was formed partly from estimates, and contained many inaccuracies; but the general result is nearly correct. To this increased strength of the Union should be also added the augmented population of the Territories, and the numbers of whites and blacks in the insurgent States who join us as our arms press back the enemy. The President emphatically opposes all attempts at negotiation with the insurgent leadwho has repeatedly declared that he will accept no terms which do not involve the severance of the Union. This does not necessarily apply to his followers. Although he can not accept the Union they can. A year ago pardon and a general amnesty were offered to all except certain specified classes, and it was announced that these classes were within the contemplation of special clemency. The door for return is still open; but, adds the President, "The time may come, and probably will come, when The Report of the Secretary of the Nary presents public duty will demand that it be closed, and that a comprehensive survey of the operations of that in lieu more rigorous measures than heretofore shall Department. The following are some of the leadbe adopted." The Message closes with an emphatic ing points: We have now in service and under condeclaration that the President will retract nothing struction 671 vessels carrying 4610 guns, with a which he has heretofore said in respect to slavery. tonnage of 510,000, a net increase of 83 vessels, 167 "While I remain in my present position," he says, guns, 42,000 tons. There are in the naval service "I shall not attempt to retract or modify the Eman- about 51,000 men. During the year 324 vessels cipation Proclamation; nor shall I return to slavery have been captured; the whole number during the any person who is free by the terms of that procla- war being 1379, of which 267 are steamers. The mation, or by any of the Acts of Congress. If the gross proceeds of the sale of prize property is nearly people should, by whatever acts or means, make it $14,500,000, and a large amount is still under adan Executive duty to re-enslave such persons, an- judication. The entire expense of the Naval Deother, and not I, must be their instrument to per-partment from March 4, 1861, to November 1, 1864, form it. In stating a single condition of peace, I mean simply to say that the war will cease on the part of the Government whenever it shall have ceased on the part of those who began it."

er,

The Report of the Secretary of the Treasury furnishes an elaborate exposé of the fiscal affairs of the country, and contains many practical suggestions. We can here present only a few of the essential points. The fiscal year closed on the 1st of July, 1864; at which time the entire public debt amounted to $1,740,699,000, the interest upon which is $91,810,000, of which $56,000,000 is payable in coin. If the war continues probably this debt will be increased by $500,000,000 during the present The actual receipts and expenditures for the past fiscal year, closing June 30, 1864, were as follows:

year.

has been $288,647,000.

According to the Report of the Postmaster-General the expenditures of the Department, during the year ending June 1, 1864, were $12,644,786 20, the receipts $12,468,253 78, leaving a deficit of $206,652 42; so that, were the franked matter which passes through the mails paid for, the Department would now for the first time be more than self-sustaining,

The Report of the Secretary of War has not been published.

The action of Congress thus far has been mainly confined to the consideration of measures proposed for action. In the Senate, the following are the principal bills introduced, and subjects of inquiry referred to the appropriate committees: That the President inform what proposition of aid for rebels

Our last Record left General Sherman just setting out on his adventurous march through Georgia. The order for the expedition was issued on the 8th of November from Kingston, Georgia, northwest from Atlanta, around which place the army was again concentrated. On the 15th Atlanta was evacuated, the principal buildings having been destroyed, and Sherman's army began its march toward the coast, nearly 200 miles distant in a straight line, and about 300 by the most direct traveled routes. The army marched in two main columns, which, with its detachments, swept a belt of territory about 60 miles wide, comprising a fertile country abounding in supplies. For nearly a month our only intelligence was gained through hostile sources. Milledgeville, the capital of Georgia, was occupied on the 20th by a small detachment, which soon left to rejoin their column, while other detachments threatened Macon and Augusta. The march of the main columns was leisurely, the only opposition encountered being to detached corps. Millen, where the great body of Union prisoners had been for a time confined, was taken on the 2d of December; but the prisoners had been removed. On the 9th Captain Duncan, one of Sherman's scouts, left the army, descended the Ogechee River, and brought to General Foster, at Hilton Head, the first direct tidings from Sherman. On the 12th the whole army was within ten miles of Savannah. On the 13th Fort M'Allister, which commands the approach to Savannah by sea, was taken by storm. On that day Sherman forwarded his first dispatch to the War Department from the deck of a vessel. He wrote: "The army is in most splendid order, and equal to any thing. Our march was most agreeable, and we were not at all molested by guerrillas. We have not lost a wagon on the trip, but have gathered in a large supply of negroes, horses, and mules, and our teams are in far better condition than when we started. I regard Savannah as already gained." General Hardee had been placed in command of Savannah, with about 15,000 men. It had been hoped that these might be captured with the city; but it was found to be impossible to invest the place so closely to prevent their escape, and on the 20th Hardee got off with his army. Savannah was occupied by Sherman on the 21st. On the 22d he wrote to the President: "I beg to present to you as a Christmas gift the city of Savannah, with 150 heavy guns, and plenty of ammunition, and also about 25,000 bales of cotton." General Foster, in his dispatch of the same day, says: "The captures include 800 prisoners, 150 guns, 13 locomotives in good order, 190 cars, a large supply of ammunition and materials of war, 3 steamers, and 33,000 bales of cotton safely stowed in warehouses."

had been received: answered that a request to distribute among rebel prisoners £17,000 collected at a bazar in Liverpool, had been made and refused.— For establishing a home for disabled soldiers and sailors. For constructing revenue cutters on the lakes.-Thanking Captain Winslow and Lieutenant Cushing.-Petition of General Weitzel and others for increase of pay.-To inquire into the expediency of an Act to increase the revenue by a tax on sales and fares; and to retrench the currency by prohibiting the establishment of additional banks.-Resolutions by Mr. Davis, of Kentucky, for consolidating Maine, Vermont, and New Hampshire into one State; Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island into another; Maryland, Delaware, and a part of Virginia into another: and that the President and Vice-President of the United States shall be chosen alternately from the Free and Slave States. To compel all vessels engaged in foreign trade to take one American boy for each 500 tons.-Authorizing the President to transfer a gun-boat to the Republic of Liberia.-Declaring wives and children of colored soldiers to be free.-Whether an army corps is necessary to defend our Northern frontier.-Whether it is expedient to enroll all male citizens, irrespective of color, in the militia.-Bill passed removing disqualification for carrying the mails by reason of color. The following bills have passed the House; those which have also passed the Senate being specially noted: Establishing a uniform system of Bankruptcy, to take effect June 1, 1865.Requesting the President to give notice of the termination of the Reciprocity Treaty with Great Britain. -Providing that any alien of twenty-one who has been honorably discharged from the army or navy may become a citizen without previous declaration. -The Senate bill providing for the construction of six revenue cutters on the lakes.-Dropping from the army roll all generals who have been for three months out of service, except their absence is occasioned by wounds or disability incurred in service, or by being a prisoner or under parole.-The Senate joint resolution thanking Captain Winslow and Lieutenant Cushing.-Resolution declaring the right of Congress to shape the foreign policy of the United States.-The Senate bill creating the rank of Vice-Admiral, of equal grade with the Lieutenant-General in the army, with a pay of $7000 when at sea, $6000 when on shore duty, and $5000 when waiting orders. This bill was immediately signed by the President, who nominated Admiral Farragut for the post, and the nomination was confirmed by the Senate. In the House the following are the principal bills introduced, and subjects of inquiry referred to the appropriate committees: To prohibit the exportation or sale at a premium of gold and silver; laid on the table.-To exempt from tax the inheritance of widows in their husbands' estates.- While Sherman was accomplishing his march What caused the failure of General Banks's Red through Georgia, Hood was operating against ThomRiver expedition ?-To prohibit the sale of goods in as, who fell back in the direction of Nashville. The rebel territory, and to allow the purchase for cash Confederate cavalry, under Forrest, on the 29th of of the products of such territory.-To amend the November, came up with our forces, under Wilson, Constitution so as to apportion representatives to at Spring Hill, Tennessee, where a brisk though voters.-What justice is due to soldiers held beyond partial action ensued, in which Forrest was repulsed; their terms of enlistment?-Shall bounties be dis- but our forces kept falling back to Franklin, 18 miles continued, and the pay of soldiers increased ?-To south of Nashville. Here they were attacked, on include sailors in the bill naturalizing soldiers. the 30th, by the entire force of the enemy. A seShall there be an ad valorem tax on sales?-For vere battle ensued, the Confederates repeatedly makdropping unemployed officers from the navy roll.ing most desperate charges upon our intrenchments. Shall persons going abroad to escape the draft be denationalized?-To inquire into the expediency of modifying the pension law.

At one time the day seemed lost; but a vigorous charge restored the fortunes of the day, and the assailants were repulsed with great loss. The loss