local centers, and for courses in which they were needed lantern slides and other illustrative material were supplied. Under this plan several university extension centers were organized and successfully maintained.

In 1913 the department of university extension was reorganized under the name of the university extension division, which includes a department of instruction and a department of public service. In the department of instruction university extension lectures are delivered upon the same plan as that previously followed, with the exception that lecture courses are also formed for regular class instruction. Special attention is devoted to correspondence instruction.

The general library, housed in the newly completed building made possible by the bequest of the late Charles F. Doe, now contains about two hundred and sixty-five thousand volumes. It is constantly augmented by donations and exchange, and by large purchases of books with the income from the Michael Reese, Jane K. Sather, E. A. Denicke and other funds. The extensive Bancroft collection of manuscripts and books relating to Pacific Coast history is in process of arrangement for use by historical students. The major portion of the manuscripts has been calendared. The resources of the library are supplemented by borrowings from other libraries; and, similarly, the library lends its books, under proper regulations, to other institutions. The various departments of instruction have separately kept collections of books, useful for ready reference and classroom work. The library and reading room of the department of agriculture, situated in Agriculture hall, receives the publications of the experiment stations of the United States and other countries, as well as pamphlets on agricultural subjects published by various governments and commissions. About one hundred and forty dailies, weeklies and monthlies are regularly received.

In the growth of the university during recent years, the space requirements of the various departments have made it impossible to keep in one building the collections which were originally designed to serve as the basis for a university museum. Excepting the museum of anthropology and the California museum of vertebrate zoology, the collections of the various departments have been distributed among the buildings in which these departments are now situated. The museum of anthropology and the California museum of vertebrate zoology are segregated in buildings which, though of temporary character, are specially constructed for museum purposes.

The gymnasium, presented to the university by A. K. P. Harmon, is well equipped, and provides all the students with opportunities for physical culture. Besides the main hall, rowing room, and athletic quarters, there are 165 shower baths, and 2,000 lockers. Hearst Hall was presented to the university by Mrs. Phoebe A. Hearst for a women's gymnasium. It contains the very best of modern equipment. In a separate building, and connected with the gymnasium, are 100 shower baths, with hot and cold water. There are 200 dressing rooms and 900 lockers. The lower hall is used as a general gathering place for the women of the university. Connected with the gymnasium is an enclosed court, 150 feet long and 80 feet wide, with a seating capacity of 1,000, also the gift of Mrs. Hearst. It is used as an outdoor gymnasium, as well as for basketball and other games suitable for women. The recent construction of an open-air swimming pool in Strawberry canyon has furnished an opportunity for water sports.

This pool is 232 feet long, 76 feet wide and 10 feet in the deepest parts, holds a half million gallons of water, and by a constant flow of filtered water is kept in admirable condition. In return for the infirmary fee, each student is entitled to consultation and medical and hospital care at the infirmary, on the campus. The daily average of dispensary consultations and treatments exceeds a hundred. Full hospital care is given in care of serious illness. There is no charge, beyond the infirmary fee, for ordinary medical or hospital service. If an operation becomes necessary, a moderate charge is made, the funds received from such operations being used for the benefit of the infirmary. The total number of students in the university in 1912-13 was 6,852.

CHAPTER XVII

RELIGION

Religious services were first held in this county at Mission San Jose in 1797 and thereafter as long as the old order continued. No doubt the early Spanish and Mexican settlers of what is now Alameda county went to the mission to participate in the services. The first organized religious bodies of the Americans, so far as known, were located at Oakland. In June, 1852, St. John's Episcopal church was organized and is the oldest religious foundation in the city with the exception of the Roman Catholics. In the same year, when Oakland had but about half a dozen houses, two Episcopalian families met and worshipped unitedly in their homes. In March of the next year Rev. Dr. Ver Mehr, then rector of Grace church, San Francisco, visited the place and called together a meeting of about twelve persons. About the same time an Episcopal clergyman, Rev. Mr. Morgan, appeared and read the prayers under the branches of an oak tree. The next Sunday the little flock determined to have a covered church of some kind ready for the minister when he should next appear. Accordingly, a large tent, 25 by 70 feet, was erected, a communion rail was put in place, a temporary pulpit was built, and a few benches were secured for the body of the tent. A cross erected outside indicated the object of the building. Rev. Mr. Walworth, afterward the head of the Pacific Female College, preached the sermon and a collection of $19 was taken up. Next day the tent and all the seats were bought by the Presbyterians. This was the origin of that branch of Christ's church in Oakland, of which Rev. Samuel B. Bell became pastor. He bought the first bell from the owner of an old ferry boat no longer used and at first hung it from a rail laid across a fence at the corner on Broadway, and with it called the people together. Later the congregation used the little schoolhouse on the west side of Broadway and there worshipped until the new church was built. Mr. Bell was the first minister of the gospel to be settled in Oakland. He was sent out by the Home Missionary Society of New York to look after the spiritual wants of the new state. Messrs. Adams, Moon and Carpentier contributed liberally to the construction of the first building and Mr. Bell preached through the mining camps to raise funds. For a final site they selected a lot on Harrison street near Seventh, facing the plaza. The lumber was obtained from the redwood forest on the slopes back of the city. Mr. Adams used to put a $5 gold piece in the plate regularly every Sunday and bore the whole expense of lath and plaster. At this time there were about twenty families in the community and enough extra single men to bring the population up to an equivalent of fifty families. At first there were less than a dozen families enrolled in the church. Mr. Bell continued as pastor until 1863, and during this period helped to found the College of California.

Another Episcopal minister, Rev. Mr. Reynolds, preached to a small congregation for three Sundays in 1853. In November, 1854, Bishop Kip celebrated