1775; even the pages of errata being religioutly preferved uncorrected. The note concerning Theobald occurs in the quarto edition, ii. 272. 29, read As to Cromwell Mortimer, in p. 510, he is mentioned in your volume for 1777, p. 266. In p. 215, col. 2, 142, for Strangely" read "weakly." See p. 363, 1. ult. and p. 364, 1. 1. In p. 463, col. 2, 1. exercifes." In p. 515, col. 2, 1. 36, for In p. 530, col. In p. 543, col. I, 1. of col. 2. SCRUTATOR. No. 11" read "No. 1." 1. ult. read " P. 371." 1. 6, erase "Rev." and 1. 27 Mr. URBAN, Hoxton Square, Jan. 11. I gave publication of the Memoirs of the Rev. Dr. Ifaac Watts, D. D. You conclude your account with the following paffage: " P. 463 (of my work), in a note on the Ichneu mon, the Editor ftyles it a particular kind of Fly bred in the bodies of Caterpillars, though all naturalifts, from Pliny down to Sir Athton Lever, could have informed him that it is an animal of the cat or badger kind, which deftroys the eggs of the crocodile. One of them is exhibited ftuffed at Leicester House; and fee a difcription in Lucan, IV. 724, &c." If you, Sir, will be pleafed to turn to the letter from the ingenious Mr. Porter to Dr. Watts, to which my note, "that an Ichneumon is a particular kind of fly bred in the bodies of caterpillars" refers, you will find that Mr. Porter is confidering the footsteps of divinity in the formation of the fmalleft creatures, "the most abject reptiles," as he expreffes himself; and his firft inftance is in the Scolopend a. He then adds, "All animals as they fall below each other in the fcale of existence, have their organs fuitably prepared; nor is there more wifdom, no, nor power, evidenced in the formation of an elephant, than of an Ichneumen." What does he intend as an oppofite to an elephant ? Not furely the Ichneunton of the cat or badger kind, but either the wafp called the Ichneumon, or rather the fly which may be still fmaller, fo denominated, of which there is a very particular account given in the first volume of the Supplement to Mr. Chambers's Dictionary, under the article Ichneumon. You therefore, Sir, might have fpared your felf the trouble of informing me, that the Ichneumon was an animal of the cat or badger kind, as there are infects that bear the fame name. Why may not the Wafp or the Fly, called the Ichneumn, be fo ftyled, as well as the creature like a cat or a badger? If a writer fhould call the first bud of a tree a Gem, is he to be told that a Gm means a precious fone, when the fame word fignifies both the one and the other? In Hdericus's Greek Lexicon, under the word your, you will find, that he ftyles (1) Ichneumon, quafi investigator Crocodili. (2) Genus vefpæ. Now ་་་་་ I would afk, whether, if a writer fhould use Natural History of the Ichneumon. HE remains of Sir James Stewart Sir James was the fon of Sir James StewScotland, by Anne Dalrymple, daughter of art of Goodtrees, bart. Solicitor General for Court of Seffion, and was born Oct. 25, N. S. Sir Hugh Dalrymple, Lord Prefident of the 1712. and having paffed through the ufual courfes political struggles of that time in the county tour of Germany, France, Spain, and Italy; After this difappointment, he made the not to import the newest minuet de la cour, French opera girls, or the fashions and fopperies which are to be found in all countries; but to follow the example of the wife Ulyffes; to ftudy the laws, manners, cufcountries and cities through which he paffed, toms, and defireable improvements of the or in which he refided. travels but a few years before the unhappy He returned from thefe well-employed civil war in the year 1745. If fpirit is fuperior to matter, and moral misfortunes to natural, the loss of Sir James Stewart's talents to this country may be reckoned among the loffes we fuftained by the rebellion. He was excepted from the bill of general indemnity, and those who fent up his name were not patriots. The fame of fuch perfons, if they had, or have any, will hardly furvive even that of this extemporaneous encomium. Thus Sir James became a fugitive and an exile from that country which ought to have cherished him, and pointed him out for ele vation with the finger of public applause. But the mind of that great man was not to be foured by disappointments; nor would he imitate a Coriolanus, or a Duke de Ripperda; he employed the yeats of his banishment for the good of his country, the instruction of mankind, and the illuftration of the republic of letters at that time; unhappily, the only commonwealth of which he was a member. His Apology for Sir Ifaac Newton's System of Chronology," written in French, his "Confiderations on Money," written in High Dutch, and his great "Syftem of the Principles of Political Oeconomy," were the fruits of his foreign leifure and application. It is needless to praife thofe works; the public will do ample justice to the last and greatest of them, when it has thrown from its literary maw the high-seasoned cookeries of the plagiarifts, who have obtruded Sir James's facts, principles, and reafonings on the world, without acknowledging from whence they were derived. Sir James was restored to his native country, and to his citizenship, with the gracious approbation of his humane and difcerning Sovereign, in the year 1766. He then retired to his paternal inherit ance, and continued ftill to exert his faculties for the benefit of his country: He repaired the manfion of his ancestors, improved his neglected acres, and fet forward the improvement of the province in which he lived, by roads, bridges, and manufactures. He was the anonymous author of a plan for a proper road bill, the greatest part of which has been adopted. He enquired minutely into the state of the distillery and brewery, and the revenue arifing from them at the time of the complaints on the paffing the late law; and by an ano. nymous publication in the Edinburgh Courant of October 2, 1779, prevented feveral counties in Scotland from entering into crude refolutions on that subject. There is no fociety which refined information and addrefs will not improve, nor any fubject of nature in northern climates which industry and tafte will not adorn. Sir James was employed by the Eaft India Company, to attend the Board during the arrangements of the Bengal mintage, and the Яate of their coin in general, and was defired to print his confiderations on that fubject, which he accordingly did. On this account, the Company prefented him with a valuable diamond ring, as a teftimony of their obligations. Befides many valuable pieces of Sir James's compofition hitherto unpublished, he had prepared for the prefs a criticism on the celebrated "Syfteme de la Nature," in which the paralogifms and false reasoning of that famous bulwark of French materialism are examined and detected. In a letter to Lord Barrington, he conveyed also a plan for a general uniformity of weights and measures, and was employed at the time of his death in investigating the prefent ftate of the French finances, and the caufes of their prefent credit. Sir James died on Sunday the 26th of November, 1780, at two o'clock in the afternoon. He married Lady Frances Wemyfs, eldest daughter of James Earl of Wemyss, by whom he had the prefent Sir James Stewart Denham, Baronet, of Coltnefs and Weltfhield, and a danghter who died in her infancy. The prefent Baronet is Lieutenant Colonel of the 13th regiment of Dragoons. MR. URBAN, THE HE compiler of your Hiftorical Chronicle for November 1780, (fee deaths, p. 543.) has, I suspect, copied an inaccuracy from the news-papers, in mentioning the late Dr. John Walker to have been Archdeacon of Dorfet for half a century, as, if I am not mifled, be was the fucceffor of Mr. Edward Hammond, formerly of Chrift Church in Oxford, who died in 1762*. The Bishop of Bristol is patron of this preferment, but, according to my information, Mr. Hammond had it, not by collation, but by a prefentation from the crown, being nominated by the king, April 3, and inftituted May 1, 1733. This was owing, as I imagine, to the vacancy happening before Bifhop Cecil had received the temporalties, for this prelate was confecrated February 25, and Dr. Cooper, who was Mr. Hammond's predeceffor, did not die till March the 5th. Dr. Walker was, it feems, a canon-refidentiary of Wells cathedral, and perhaps held this dignity above half a century. Had he continued in it fome years longer, it would have prevented the exhibition of a fcene in that church, which, from the reprefentation given of it in the St. James's Chronicle, certainly does not reflect much credit upon the rival candidates for the vacant tall, who were the principal actors. S. W. **The curious Medals on the Sovereignty of the Seas, in our next; with the Mafques of our ingenious Carefpondent F. It was an option, if we mistake not, of Abp Herring, on the confecration of Bp Hume, in 1756-Mr. Hammond died April 26, 1762, aged 72, rector of Weston, in Hertfordthire, where fee his epitaph. Epi. 1. New Letters from an English Traveller. Written originally in French. By the Rev. Martin Sherlock, M. A. Chaplain to the Earl of Bristol and now firft tranflated into English by the Author. 8vo. 2s. 6d. Nichols. THIS lively traveller was introduced to our readers more than once in the courfe of the laft year, though in the difguife of an Esquire by our mistake. The prefent collection contains forty-four more Letters, which have been as well received by all the foreign journals as the Author feems to have been in all the foreign courts. Lord Briftol is ftill his Mæcenas, and in abilities he is indeed nulli fecundus. Italy occupies fifteen of thefe Letters. Of thefe the fubjects are, its beauties, natural, artificial, and hiftorical, the women, the chevalier fervants, or cicifbeos, &c. &c. The other Letters are dated from Geneva, Laufanne, Strafburgh, Berlin, Germany, Senlis, and Paris. In fome of the latter he defends his juffly admired Shakspeare from the attacks of M. de Voltaire, and if this work fucceeds, intends in his next to en gage M. de la Harpe. As a portrait with which English Readers cannot but be pleafed, we will now prefent to them an English beauty, drawn by Mr. Sherlock, to which we will add an affecting tale, as a proof of his powers in the pathos. "You are not mistaken, Sir, in your opinion about the beauties of Switzerland; but you are mistaken in your opinion of an Engfith beauty. The features Greek, the complexion English, the throat Italian; nothing, you fay, can be fuperior to that. I afk your pardon; her understanding is fuperior to her beauty; and the fweetnefs of her difpofition is fuperior to her understanding. But you ought to have feen lady Louifa Hervey lenger than you did, to know the merits the poffeffes. The beauties of her perfon, and the charms of her voice, ought to have enchanted you; but if you had feen her longer, you would have given only the fecond place to her accomplishments and to her attractions. Her natural timidity gives her at first an air of referve, and hinders her from thewing her true value. It is not till after an acquaintance of fome time, when the will venture to unfold herself, that you will difcover a generofity and delicacy of fentiment in which you will diftinguifh her father and mother, and a juftness of observation and of reafoning that I have not feen at that age but in her alone. She delighted a very large company here (Laufanne) last night at a concert, by finging that charming air of Aprile, Pur nel fanno alm.n talora, &c." LETTER XX. "The Count de Peltzer, an officer in the Pruffian fervice, was the only fon of a widow near fixty years old. He was handfome, brave to an exceft, and deeply in love with Mademoiselle de Benskow. She was in her eighteenth year, gentle, pretty, and born with an extreme fenfibility. Her lover, just turned of twenty, was loved with a paffion equal to his own, and the day was fixed to make them happy. It was the 20th of June, 1778. "The Pruffian troops are always ready to take the field; and the 17th of June, at ten o'clock at night, the Count's regiment relefia. He was at Berlin, and his mistress at ceived orders to march at midnight for Si country-houfe four leagues from the town. He fet off confequently without feeing her; and he wrote to her from the first place where he stopped, that it was impoffible for him to live without her; that it was effential to his happiness that the fhould follow him immediately, and that they should be married in Silefia. He wrote at the fame time to her brother, who was his moft intimate friend, to plead his caufe with her parents. She fet out then accompanied by this brother, and by her lover's mother. Never did the fands of Brandenbourg appear fo heavy as to this charming girl; but at length the journey ended, and the arrived at the town of Herfaid her brother to me, "did my eyes fee a ftadt; it was in the morning, and "Never," "lovelier woman than my fifter: the exer"cife of the journey had added to her bloom, "and her eyes painted what paffed in her "heart." But, O human profpects! how deceitful are you! How near often is the moment of wretchedness to the moment of felicity! The carriage is stopped to let pafs fome foldiers, who, advancing with flow steps, bore in their arms a wounded officer. The tender heart of the young lady was affected at the fight: the little fufpected that it was her lover. "Some Auftrian foragers had aproached this town, and the young Count went out to repulfe them. Burning to distinguish himself, he rufhed with ardour before his troop, and fell the victim of his unhappy impetuofity. "Todescribe to you the fituation of this unfortunate young woman, would be to infult at once your heart and your imagination. Her lover is placed in his bed; his mother is at his feet, and his miftrefs holds his hand. "O Charlotte," cried he, opening a dying eyc he wanted to speak, but his voice broke, and he melted into tears. His tone had pierced the foul of his miftrefs; the loft her reason, and, "No, I will not furve you," cried the, quite frantic, and feizing a fword. They difarmed her; and he made a fign with his hand that they thould bring her to his bed-fide. She came; he grafped her arm; and after two painful efforts to fpeak, he fays, with a fob, "Live, my "lotte, to comfort my mother," and expires. Char lection; and I believe that every feeling reader will thank me for it. I forgot to tell you, that, in the troop which made that fally, there were but two men wounded, and he alone killed. When I paffed through Berlin, in July 1779, the unfortunate lady had not recovered her fenfes." Our Author's dialogue with a young Ruffian at Senlis, who had been fleeced at Paris, is truly original, but too long for our purpose. We agree with Mr. S. in thinking his (English) ftyle requires fome indulgence. Hire' (for let'), wicked to a degree, That one,' &c. are not good English. The latter indeed is Irish. In p. 193. for "verfe" read "fenfe." THIS Pamphlet is introduced as the tranflation of a memorial faid to be written by Gov. Pownal, and is indeed not unwor thy the pen of that able politician. It conmercial knowledge, as could no otherwife tain fuch a mixture of political and combe obtained than by long experience in active bufinefs, joined to a habit of deep wifdom and folid judgment, as to defpife thinking, and a mind fo fraught with the narrow fyftems of thofe miferable politicians, who affect to govern the world by low cunning, or to awe it by deluging it with blood. Thefe men have not only loft that dominion which they held, and might have holden, but have fuffered the external parts of the empire to moulder away, one after another, till it is feared it will very foon be reduced to its original infular exiftence. the powers of Europe may negociate or "Politicians, he fays, may reason, and fight; but fuch reafonings, negociations, will have no effect; the Inde and wars, 2. Ode, 4to. 1s. 6d. Dodley. 1780. THIS Ode, which Fame afcribes to a diftinguished writer, feems defigned as a ferious burlesque on our modern Odewrights. It is dedicated to the Earl of Carlisle, on whom the Author beflows a high elogium for the "confiderable figure pendence of America is as fixed as Fate. he has made in the Lyric," though" all his excellences (he adds) are utterly re-ftate of things, and act accordingly, the If the powers of Europe will fee the pugnant to the noble frenzy and fublime lives of thousands may be fpared, the hap obfcurity of the Ode: both which are fufficiently vifible in this." It begins of the world preferved; if not, they will pinefs of millions fecured, and the peace abruptly with the fpeech of a giant, and from thence makes a fudden tranfition to plunge into a fea of blood; the war which the morning, and an apoftrophe to the is almost gorged between Gr. Britain and fun and moon, defcribes the four fea America will extend itfelf to all the marifons, and concludes with an address to time powers, and most probably afterwards to all the inland powers; and all these powLiberty. One of the seasons may serve ers, before the affair is brought to ilue, an a fample: will concur in no other fettlement than that the American ftates fhall belong to no one more than another of them, and confequently, that they fhall remain freeand independent." “Summer fucceeds; in evening foft and warm It concludes thus: Hail, Liberty, fair Goddefs of this ifle! Deign an my verfes, and on me to fmile; Like them, unfetter'd by the bonds of Senfe, Permit us to enjoy life's tranfient dream, To live and write without the leaft pretence To method, order, meaning, plan, or fcheme; In order to thew how thefe matters will finally be fettled, the writer proof Europe and America, and to point out what pofes, "to lay before the fovereigns a view will be the natural effects of the feparation of them and of the independence of America upon the commercial and political state of Europe; and finally, to fhew how the pretene criis may be, by wifdom and benevolence, wrought into the greatest bleffing of peace, li berty and happinets which the world hath yet leen." He then proceeds to a comparifon between the Old and the New World, in in all which he marks the old world as point of spirit, magnitude, and power; And field us fafe beneath thy guardian wings From Law, Religion, Minifters, and Kings!" 3. A Translation of the Memorial to the Sour-leaning towards its decline; and the new reigns of Europe upon the present State of Affairs, between the Oid and the New World, inio Common Senfe and intelligible English. 8. Is. Stockdale. as ring into manlinefs and vigour. The foundation of its policy is laid upon a broader plan than that of any other European itate. "In America, all the inhabitants are free, "It is already grown too large for any government in Europe to manage as fubordinate, and were I to afk an Aftronomer, whether, if a Satellite thould grow until it could balance with its planet, it could be holden any longer by any of the powers of nature in the orbit of a Satellite; and whether any external force could keep it there, he would answer me directly, No. If I ask a father, when his fon is grown up to full ftrength of body, mind, and reafon, whether he can be kept forcibly in pupillage, and will fuffer himself to be treated and corrected as a child, he muft anfwer, No. Yet, if I ask an European politi cian, who learns by hearfay, and thinks by habit, whether North America will remain dependent, he answers, Yes. He will have a thousand reasons why it must be fo, although fact rifes in his face to the very contrary. "If England would treat America as what the is, the might still have the ascendency in trade and navigation; might still have a more folid and lefs invidious power than that Magni Nominis Umbra, with which the braves the whole world. She might yet Lave an active leading intereft among the powers of Europe. But the will not di ikoub the band of divine vengeance are upon ber, England will not jee the things whi.b make for ber peace! "Ifit should be feen, that the commercial fem of Europe is changing, and that in dom and policy it ought to be changed: that the great commerce of North America, emancipated from its provincial ftate, not only coincides with, but is a concurring caufe f this charge: that the prefent combination of events form a crisis which providence with prepared: and that heaven itself feems to a more than ordinary interpofition hath gracious providence: if they fhould be concall upon fovereigns to co-operate with its vinced that there is nothing fo abfurd as warring against each other about an object," have nothing to do with its broils, and will which, as it is feparated from Europe, will if liftening to this voice, which, as that of not belong exclufively to any one of them : mankind, fummons them to terminate the an angel, announcing peace and good will to endless and the useless operations of war; council and not of battle, and therefore to to confider the prefent crifis as an object of meet in the communication and intercourfe of their reafoning powers. fettlement of peace respecting America, and of the "The maritime powers must, previous to the mixed interefts of Europe and America, convene, by their minifters, in order to confider the points thofe alfo that must form the basis of treaty, and on which they may safely fufpend boftilities, and which peace may not only be made, but ftablished which will enter into the future fyftem, and on among the nations of the Atlantic ocean. "The cardinal points which will come under deliberation will be, 1. How far, in right and policy, it may be best for all to eftablish the MARE LIBERUM: and how and dominion, which they hold in bays and far each nation, providing for the property harbours, may accede to this establishent, as VIGANDI may be established. a law of nations. will lead to deliberation on the LIBERTAS 2. How far the JUS NA3. This UNIVERSALIS COMMERCIORUM ; by degrees, to abolish port duties, and raise free ports, and free markets. It will be beft, their revenues by excife, tailles, &c. and other internal fources of finance, immediately laid on the confumer. This measure would make that country which adopted it every well-wither to his country." a free port, a circumftance very defirable to Every Reader, who for a moment can pleafed with the perufal of this fenfible diveft himself of his prejudices, must be pamphlet. 4. NATHAN to Ld NORTH, 8vo. Is. Wilkie. fully attempted a style of graceful irony, "I am a native of that uhappy country |