could not have lafted long; the hour of liberty and choice would have come in time. But her defires were too hot for delay, and fhe liked felf-murder better than fufpence. Nor is it difcovered that the unkle, who ever he was, is with much justice delivered to pofterity as a falfe guardian; he feems to have done only that for which a guardian is appointed; he endeavoured to direct his niece till fhe fhould be able to direct herself. Poetry has not often been worfe employed than in dignifying the amorous ftory of a raving girl." Again, "The Verfes on the unfortunate Lady have drawn much attention by the illaudable fingularity of treating fuicide with refpect; and they must be allowed to be written in fome parts with vigorous animation, and in others with gentle tenderness; nor has Pope produced any poem in which the fenfe predominates more over the diction. But the tale is not fkilfully told; it is not eafy to discover the character of either the lady or her guardian. Hiftory relates, that she was about to difparage herfelf by a marriage with an inferior. Pope praises her for the dignity of her ambition,and yet condemns the unkle to deteftation for his pride; though the ambitious love of a niece may be oppofed by the interest, malice, or envy of an unkle, but never by his pride. On fuch an occafion a poet may be allowed to be obfcure, but inconfifteney can never be right."

That the lady, to whofe memory Pope wrote these deservedly admired and pathetic verfes, fhould have hitherto remained concealed, is very furprising, when we confider the wonderful curiofity of the publick, and the many circumftances we know relating to her, fufficient, one thould think, to have led long before this time to a difcovery. Mr. Pope has told us, that the once bad beauty, titles, wealth, and fame; it appears that the had an unfortunate love-attachment to a perfon who feduced and abandoned her; the had an unkle, who was her guardian, of a harth and obdurate temper, who fpurned and renounced her; the died by her own hands, in a foreign country. She is probably the fame perfon to whom the Duke of Bucking ham addreffed fome Lines to a Lady defigning to retire into a Monaftery. This defign is alfo hinted at in one of Mr. Pope's Letters, probably addreffed to the fame perfon (to whom indeed feveral other of Pope's "Letters to feveral Ladies" appear alfo to have been addreffed). The precife time when Mr. Pope wrote this Elegy cannot be exactly afcertained, but it is prefumed by Dr. Johnson to have been in the year 1709.

I would hope, Mr. Urban, that fome of the very ingenious correfpondents to whom you are obliged for fo many curious and entertaining anecdotes of perfons with whom one is pleafed to be better acquainted, will be able to purfue thefe hints, and difcover the heroine of the Elegy.

If I might hazard a conjecture, I fhould fay that the lover was the earl of Mulgrave (afterwards duke of Buckingham); a conjecture founded not only on the poem already mentioned, in which however he says, "Heaven fees our paffions with indulgence ftill,

"And they who lov'd well, can do nothing ill;"

but on another of his lordship's little poems "On One who died discovering her Kindnefs," and more particularly on a third, "On Lucinda's Death," whom he describes as "Free from her fex's fmalleft faults,

"And fair as womankind can be; "Tender and warm as lovers' thoughts, "Yet cold to all the world but me; "Of all this nothing now remains, "But only fighs and endless pains."

It should have been obferved, that Mr. Pope, in the letter above-mentioned, tells her, "The Duke of Buckingham is fometimes the High Prieft of your praises;" and mentions Mr. Caryl as her intimate friend. Yours, &c.

MR. URBAN,

J. N.

Elland, May 22, 1781.

Rave been reading with fome attention Raynal's Hiftory of the European Settlements in the two Indies. The work, as I am told, is in general admired; and was mentioned to me as far furpaffing that of Robertfon. You will judge of my fentiments from the extracts inclofed; which I with, by your affiftance, to lay before the publick. They may poffibly ferve to undeceive and enlighten them; and teach them not to cencenfure or applaud in the grofs. Your's, &c.

S. B. Extracts from "The Political and Philofophical Hiftory of Abbé RAYNAL." 3d edit. 8vo. 1777.

His Account of the Chinese.

Vol. I. p. 185. Let us take a tranfient view of this people. The hiftory of a nation fo well governed, is the biftory of mankind: the rest of the world refembles the Chaos of matter before it was wrought into form. This empire is faid to have lafted through a fucceffive feries of 4000 years; nor is this antiquity in the least to be wondered at.

P. 110. Every day in the year is devoted to labour, except the firft, which is employed in paying and receiving vifits among relations; and the laft, which is facred to their anceflors. The first is a focial duty; the latter a part of domestic worship. In this nation of fages, whatever unites and civilifes mankind is religion and religion itself is NoTHING MORE than the practive of the focial

virtues.

P. 116. It would be impoffible to account for the want of population in fome parts of China diftant from each other, if it were not known, that, in these extensive states, a great number of children are deftroyed joon after they are born; that feveral of thoje cube cjcape this

cruel fate, fuffer the most shameful mutilation; and that of thofe who are not thus barbaroufly robbed of their fex, many are reduced to a fate of flavery, and deprived of the comforts of marriage by tyrannical mafters; that polygamy, fo contrary to reafon and the spirit of fociety, is univerfally practifed; that the vice which nature rejects with ibe utmoft abborrence, is very commen; and that the convents of the Bonzes contain little less than a million of perfons devoted to celibacy.

P. 117 and 113. Whenever a province complains of the mandarin who governs it, the emperor recalls him without examination, and delivers him up to a tribunal, which proceeds against him if he is in fault; but should he even prove innocent, he is not reinftated in his employment, as it is deemed a crime to have drawn upon him the refentment of the people. This compliance, which, in other countries, would nourish perpetual difcontent, and occafion an infinite number of intrigues, is not attended with any inconvenience in China, obere the inhabitants are naturally difpofed to be mild and juft; and the conftitution is fo ordered, that its delegates bave Jeldom any rigorous commands to execute.

P. 119. The Chinese government has gradually arrived at that point of perfection, from which all others feem to have finally and irrevocably degenerated: I mean the patriarchal government, a government eftablished by nature itself.

P. 123 Arbeifm, tho' not uncommon in China, is not publicly profeffed. It is neither the characteristic of a fect, nor an object of perfecution; but is tolerated as well as fuperftition.

P. 126. As long as real knowledge thall be held in estimation, as long as it shall continue to lead to public honours, there will exist among the people of China a fund of reafon and virtue, which will not be found among other nations.

P. 127. Their manners are calculated to check the impulfes of the foul, and weaken its operations.

P. 128. The low flate of learning and of the fine arts in China, may perhaps be owing to the very perfection of its government, and fyftem of policy. But the Chinefe, who are only our fcholars in the arts of luxury and vanity, are our mafters in the feience of good government. They ftudy how to increase, not how to diminish the number of inhabitants.

Vol. II. p. 247. Private intereft is the fecret or open fpring of all the actions of the Chinefe. They must therefore neceffarily be addicted to lying, fraud, and theft; and muft be mean, feifft, and covetous. An European, who buys filk at Canton, is cheated in the quantity, quality, and price. The goods are carried on board; where the difhonefty of the Chinese merchant is foon detected. When he comes for his money, the European tells him, "Chinese, thou haft cheated me." "That may be," replies the Chinese, " but you muit pay." "But," fays the European,

be

very bad.

Vol. III. p. 258. Though the Caribs had no regular form of government among them, yet they lived quietly and peaceably with one another. The tranquillity they enjoyed was entirely owing to that innate principle of compaflion which precedes all reflection, and is the fource of all focial virtues. This humane fpirit of benevolence arifes from the very frame and nature of man, whofe felf-love alone is fufficient to make him abhor the fufferings of his fellow creatures.

P. 259. Religion, the laros, and penal punish. ments, whose barriers are raised to protect old cuftoms from the encroachments of new ones, were ufelefs to men who followed nature alone.

Ibid. This paffion (of love) was with them merely a fenfual appetite. They never fhewed the leaft mark of attention or tenderness for that fex, which is fo much courted in other countries. They confidered their wives rather in the light of flaves than of companions : they did not even suffer them to eat them; and bad ufurped the right of divorcing them, without permitting them the indulgence of marrying again.

P. 262. Thefe favages, who were fo temperate when alone, grew drunk when affembled in companies; and their intoxication excited and revived thofe family diffenfions that were either only fitted, or not entirely extinguifhed: and thus thefe feftivals termi nated in maffacres. Hatred and revenge, the only paffions that could deeply agitate the minds of thefe favages, were thus perpetuated by convivial pleafures.

On Fortune and Chance.

Vol III. p. 299. The chances of fortune, that feldom leave guilt unpunished, nor adverfity without a compenfation for its fufferings, atoned for the crimes committed in the conqueft of the new world, and the Indians were amply revenged of the Spaniards. On the State of Minkind, as to Virtue and Happiness.

Vol. III. p. 356. This is a wifh (a revolution in America) which, though founded on justice and humanity, is yet, alas vain in itself, as it leaves nothing but regret in the mind of him that formed it. Mut then the defires of the virtuous man for the profperity of the world he for ever loft; while those of the ambitious and extravagant are so often favoured by CASUAL events?

Vol. IV. p. 11 and 12. It is generally known, that the use of poisoned arins is of

the

the highest antiquity. In most countries it preceded the invention of steel. When darts headed with tones, bones of fith or other animals, proved inlufficient to repel the attacks of wild beafts, men had recourfe to poifonous juices, which, from being originally defigned merely for the chace, were afterwards employed in war against their own fpecies-0 race, unworthy both of beaven and earth, deftructive, tyrannical being MAN, or DEVIL rather; wilt thou never cenfe to torment this globe, where thou exifteft but for a moment ! Williby wars never end but with the annibilation of thy species! Gotben; if thou wou/deft advance thy mif.bief go and provide tbyself wab the poifons of the new world.

P. 364. The English, finding themfelves between two fires, will be difmayed; their ftrength and courage will fail them; and Jamaica will fall a prey to flaves and conquerors, who will contend for dominion with freth enormities. Such is the train of evils that injuftice brings along with it! It attaches itself to man fo chsely, that the connection cannot be diffolued but by the fword. Crimes beget crimes; blood is productive of blood; and the earth becomes a perpetual scene of deflation, tears, mifery and affliction, where fuccessive generations rife to emorue their hands in blood, to tear out each others borvels, and to lay each other in the dust. Vol. V. p. 326. The generality of mankind are not born with evil difpofitions, or prone to do ill by boice; but even among those whom nature feems to bave formed juft and good, there are but few who poffefs a foul fufficiently dif interested, courageous and great to do any good action, if they must facrifice one advantage for it. P.422. Virtue, when foured and rouzed into indignation, is guilty of the most defperate acts.

P. 423. Mankind are just as we wouki have them to be; it is the mode of government which gives them a good or an evil propensity.

P. 497. We are obliged indeed to confefs, that the arts in this world fupply the place of virtues. Industry may occafron vices; but it banishes however thofe of idleness, which are infinitely more dangerous. As information gradually difpels every species of fanaticifm; while men are employed for the gratification of luxury, they do not destroy one another through fuperftition. At least, buman blood is never spilt without fome appearance of intereft; and war, probably, destroys only thofe violent and turbulent men, who in every Aute are born to be enemies to and difturbers of all erder, without any other talent, any aber propenfity, ban that of doing mischief.

P. 560. All these virtues, viz. of benevolence, friedfhip, and compassion--bave their LIMITS, beyond which they degenerate INTO VICES. And thofe limits are SETTLED by the invariable rules of effential jufti e; or, which is the fame thing, by the common in

terefts of men united together in fociety, and the conflant object of that union. Thefe limits, it is true, bive not yet been ASCERTAINED; nor indeed could they, fince it has not been peffible to fix what the common intereft itself was. And this is the reafon why amongst

all people, and at all times, men have formed fuch different ideas of virtue and vice: WHY HITHERTO, MORALITY HAS APPEARED TO BE BUT A MATTER OF MERE CONVENTION AMONG MEN.

(To be concluded in our next.)

MR. URBAN,

A

June 19.

S every anecdote of Mr. Garrick will be received with the greatest avidity by an admiring public, I have endeavoured to tranfcribe, from memory, the fingular anecdote he related to the late ingenious Topham Beauclerk, after having read his farce of Lethe before the king and queen, tending to citablith an opinion of Colley Cibber's (fee his Apology, vol. II. p. 76.) "That actors, accustomed to loud and general applaufe, cannot exert and fhew themielves without it." Mr. Beauclerk entered it, in the fecond volume of the Apology, from the mouth of Mr. Garrick, and at the late fale of his library thefe little volumes fold for the extravagant fum of five guineas.

"In the year 1777, the year after Mr. Garrick quitted the Stage, he was defired to read a play before the king and queen at Buckingham Houfe in the manner of Monf. Le Texier, who had obtained great reputa tion by reading them, fitting at a table, and acting them as he went on. Mr. Garrick fixed upon his own farce of Lethe *, and there were prefent the king, queen, princefs royal, dutchefs of Argyll, and one or two more of the ladies in waiting: but the coldness with which this felect party heard him, so oppofite to the applaufe he had always been used to on the Stage, had fuch an effect on him, as to prevent his exertions; or, to ufe Mr. G's. own words in relating the circumstance, "it was," faid he, "as if they had thrown a wet blanket over me."

This, Mr. URBAN, is the substance; but if any of your friends can favour you with a more literal copy, I thall be happy to fee an early infertion of it in your entertaining Mifcellany. STAFFORDIENSIS.

as

as conftantly and regularly as the lying-in time occurs; though the may not have the fmalleft fymptom indicative of fuch allance. This, Mr. Urban, is one of the foibles of the age. I fhall not, however, enlarge upon the subject at present, and especially as it has before been fo well handled by Mr. Crutwell of Bath, in a pamphlet published by that gentleman in 1779. [See it reviewed in that year, p. 357.] But, in addition

what he there faid, it be to who add, that this cuffom is fometimes productive of bad confequences on the part of the nurfe, as well as of the patient. One cafe I perfectly recollect; and thall transcribe it from my notes, as it may be useful to your female readers. Other medical gentlemen, I doubt not, have met with fimilar cafes, though I do not remember reading it in any author, as originating from fuch a cause.

A Cafe of Vomiting.

Sept. 15, 1779. Late this evening a girl was brought to me who had had a vomiting upon her for four days. She had an healthy afpect, appeared to be of a robust conftitution, and was about ten years of age. Upon inquiring into the cause of her complaint, I found that the had been employed to draw the breasts of a lying-in woman, and had fwallowed the milk. The woman was of a good conftitution, had no glandular swellings, nor any degree of complaint that could in the leaft indicate a vitiated fate of the milk. The girl, however, could not attribute her difeafe to any other caufe than this; which, indeed, in my opinion, was indifputably the real one. She was perfectly well antecedent to the fuction of the milk, and was taken ill foon after the had fwallowed it. Food was of no use to her, for the ftomach conftantly rejected it. Thus deprived of reft and nourithment, her strength and fpirits forfook her, weakness and head-ach fucceeded, and fometimes faintings. The reachings were almost continual, whether he had food in her ftomach or not, fo that he had no fleep for three nights I directed for the prefent an antiemetic, paregoric draught, as follows: Take of Traumatic balfam, 40 drops;

Salvolatile, 20 drops;

Liquid laudanum, 15 drops;
Syrup of balfam, 2 drams;
Small cinnamon water, fs. oz.

I faw her the next morning; and was told that the draught had ftaid upon her stomach, that the vomiting had intermitted, and that the had got good reft; fhe had now breakfafted. About three hours after this I was defired to fee her again, the vomiting having returned. I now gave her an emetic, which afforded her immediate relief; for her head-ach, debility, and faintings, feemed fuddenly to difa; pear. Her food now remained upon her it ach; and I ordered a flannel, impregnated with common brandy, to be applied outwardly as a tonic, though probably its ufe might as well have been difpenfed

ith.

From the termination of this cafe, in fi milar inftances, it would feem adviseable (both from theory and practice) as the fhorteft method of cure to administer an emetic as foon as poffible, which may be compofed of one fcruple of ipecacoanha, and two or three grains of emetic tartar. WM. COLEY.

MR. URBAN,

July 5.

S the publick indebted to you for the errlift critique on the admirable Lives of Dr. Johnson, I cannot transmit the few following obfervations to a more suitable or more refpectable repofitory.

POPE, p. 51. "The first confiderable work, for which this expedient [a fubfcription] was employed, is faid to have been Dryden's Virgil." An earlier and, perhaps, more fuccessful inftance might be pointed out in the folio edition of Milton, which was printed by fubfcription in 1688.

P. 137. Pope read reproaches and invectives without emotion." Pope did not receive the attacks on his works with fo much calmnefs as is here reprefented. Though he denied having ever written in the Grub Street Journal, it is now known with certainty that he was perpetually squibbing in that paper against his adverfaries; and the pieces themselves can be pointed out.

P. 141 "By Timon, he was univerfally fuppofed to mean the duke of Chandos." Dr. Warburton, in his first edition, unwarily confeffed the fame fact, but altered the paffage afterwards. Pope threw out many hints to Aaron Hill, to engage him in his defence; Hill, however, ftudioufly avoided the undertaking.

"AMBROSE PHILIPS in his converfation was folemn and pompous." This obfervation a friend of mine read fome time ago in a MS of Dr. Jortin's, who added to it the following anecdote: " At a coffee-house he (Philips) was difcourfing upon pictures, and pitying the painters, who, in their hiftorical pieces, always draw the fame fort of sky.

They thould travel,' faid he, and then they would fee that there is a different sky in every country, in England, France, Italy, and fo forth. Your remark is juft,' faid a grave gentleman who fat by; I have been a traveller, and can testify what you obferve is true; but the greatest variety of kys that I found was in Poland.' In Poland, Sir?' fays Philips. Yes, in Poland; for there is Sobiesky, and Sarbruny, and Jablonsky, and Podebraky, and many more kys.'

Of the edition of Philips's works published by Tenfon, the editor was Cooke, who wrote the dedication to the Duke of Newcastle. He is ftiled Deacon by Pope in Art of Sinking, ch. v.

HAMMOND. Nicholas Hammond, Efq. who died Oct. 13, 1733, left 40cl. a year to the author of the Love Elegies." He gave alfo 5ool. for erecting a school-house, and 5col for endowing it."

YOUNG,