Committees of the Assemblies in Victoria and New South Wales, I have been greatly indebted to Mr. Allin's book, which covers ground not hitherto travelled.

Lord Grey's The Colonial Policy of Lord John Russell's Administration, 1853, should also be consulted.

To make up for the lack of earlier material, the Reports of the Conferences which preceded federation are very full and exhaustive. These are:

Record of the Proceedings and Debates of the Australasian Federation Conference, 1890. Melbourne.

National Australasian Convention, 1891. Sydney.

Report of the National Australasian Convention, 1897, MarchMay. Adelaide.

Report of the National Australasian Convention, 1897, September. Sydney.

Report of the National Australasian Convention, 1898, JanuaryMarch, 2 vols. Melbourne.

The Annotated Constitution of the Australian Commonwealth, by Sir J. Quick and R. R. Garran, 1901, is a mine of authority on the subject of federation.

The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, by W. Harrison Moore, 2nd ed., 1910, is a valuable treatise by an eminent jurist. The second edition contains nearly twice as many pages as the first, which appeared in 1902, and is practically a new treatise on the working of the Act. Mr. Harrison Moore has also written a valuable article on the Commonwealth Constitution in The Journal of Comparative Legislation, 1903, pp. 115-31. The cases on the Commonwealth Act are unimportant compared with those on the British North America Act. They will be found in volumes of the Commonwealth Law Reports.

There is a suggestive essay on the new Australian Constitution in Bryce's Studies in History of Jurisprudence, vol. i, 1901; and a note on it in Dicey's The Law of the Constitution, 7th ed., p. 529, 1908.

See also Keith, op. cit., pp. 162-72.

See also 'Merchant Shipping Legislation in the Colonies', Article by Mr. A. B. Keith in The Journal of Comparative Legislation, 1909, p. 203.

The subject of South African Union is closely connected with the whole political past history of South Africa, and it seems unnecessary here to attempt a bibliography of this wider subject.

The names of the standard histories and books are generally familiar, and Parliamentary Papers are too numerous to specify.

For the immediate purpose it is only necessary to call attention to the powerful Memorandum 'On a Federation of the South African Colonies', issued under the auspices of Lord Selborne in 1907. [Cd. 3564.]

The Union of South Africa, by the Hon. R. H. Brand, 1909, contains a valuable introduction to the Act written by one who, as Secretary to the Transvaal Representatives at the convention which settled the Union, writes as one who knows. It must be remembered, however, that the actual proceedings of the Convention are still secret.

The Government of South Africa, 2 vols., Cape Town, 1908, issued to promote the cause of closer union, contains much useful matter; and there is a very able article on South African Union by Mr. A. B. Keith in The Journal of Comparative Legislation, 1909 (vol. x, Part 1, pp. 40-92).

To compare the Canadian and Australian Federations with that of the United States, reference should be made to:

J. Elliot's Debates on the Federal Constitution, vol. i, Washington, 1836-45, or (more convenient) The Journal of the Debates in the Convention as recorded by J. Madison, 2 vols., ed. by G. Hunt,

1909.

The Federalist, ed. by H. Cabot Lodge, 1908.

History of the United States Constitution, by G. T. Curtis, 2 vols., Boston, 1854.

Writings upon the Federal Constitution, by Marshall, C. J., Boston, 1839.

Constitutional History of the United States as seen in the Development of American Law, by T. M. Cooley and others, New York,

1889.

Growth of the Constitution in the Federal Convention of 1787, by W. M. Meigs, Philadelphia, 1900.

Congressional Government, by Woodrow Wilson, Boston, 1885, and, more especially, The American Commonwealth, by J. Bryce, 2 vols., new edition, 1911.

The Constitution will be found in Appendix to Houston's Constitutional Documents of Canada, or in W. Macdonald's Select Documents Illustrative of the History of the United States, 1776-1861. On Federation in European countries, see:—

Governments and Parties in Continental Europe, by A. Lawrence

Lowell, 2 vols., 1896. Vol. ii deals with the working of the federal system in Germany and Switzerland.

The Swiss Confederation, by Sir F. O. Adams and C. D. Cunningham, 1889.

On the referendum, as working in a federal constitution, consult Lowell, op. cit., chap. xii, on 'Switzerland; the Referendum and the Initiative'. (We have not to consider here the question how far the referendum could be introduced into the British Constitution.)

There are useful chapters on Second Chambers in the Dominions in:

Second Chambers, by J. A. R. Marriott, 1910.

And in Senates and Upper Chambers, by H. W. V. Temperley,

1910.

Modern Constitutions, by W. F. Dodd, 1909, contains the fundamental laws of no less than twenty-two countries.

Though in some ways the British Constitution may have changed since Bagehot wrote his English Constitution, it is still of abiding value, especially in this connexion, for the comparison of Parliamentary with Presidential government. See also The Governance of England, by S. J. Low, 1904.

The standard works on the English Constitution are The Law and Custom of the Constitution, by Sir William R. Anson, 3 vols. (vol. i, Parliament; vols. ii and iii, The Crown), 3rd and 4th ed., 1909; Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution, by A. V. Dicey, 7th ed., 1908; and The Government of England, by A. Lawrence Lowell, 2 vols., 1908.

INDEX