LIBRARY, MUSEUMS, AND LABORATORIES.

LIBRARY.

The General Library, kept in the Bacon Art and Library Building, now contains over seventy thousand volumes, and has been arranged with a view to making it especially valuable as a reference library. It receives a large number of periodical publications, literary, scientifie and general, and is furnished with author and subject catalogues and full indexes. It is constantly augmented by gift and purchase, especially from the income of the Reese Fund of $50,000.

The Library and Reading-room of the Department of Agriculture receives the publications of the Experiment Stations of the United States and other countries, as well as pamphlets on agricultural subjeets published by various Governments and Commissions. Through the courtesy of editors and publishers, a large number of dailies, Weeklies, and monthlies, numbering about one hundred and forty, are regularly received and placed on file for the use of students. The list is published annually in the Report of the Experiment Station.

ART COLLECTIONS.

Fine Arts. The Gallery of Fine Arts, in the Bacon Art and Library Building, contains three pieces of sculpture and seventy-four paintios, illustrative of the various periods and schools of art. All of these have been received as gifts from Henry D. Bacon, Mrs. Mark Hopkins, F. L. A. Pioche, Charles Mayne, R. D. Yelland, and others. They form a very interesting collection, which it is hoped will become, by the generosity of other citizens of the commonwealth, still more representative.

In the Library rooms below are numerous portraits, etchings, bronzes, and to the student the Library offers the use of a large number of books on æsthetics and the history of fine arts, as well as such collections of reproductions as the Louvre Gallery, Blanc's Peintres, Gallérie des Peintres, Mantz, Krell, etc.

The fourteen hundred photographs of ancient and modern masterpieces of sculpture, presented by John S. Hittell, may be freely used in connection with the study of plastic art.

Collections of modern paintings are on exhibition at the Mark Hopkins Institute of Art in San Francisco, regularly during the spring and autumn months, and occasionally at other times.

Classical Archæology. The University has a cabinet of about sixteen hundred coins and medals, including over four hundred ancient coins, mostly Roman. There are also sets of wall maps of ancient countries, the gift of Charles Webb Howard, and many photographs and other pictures of ancient life, customs, and architecture.

MUSEUMS.

The several collections composing the University Museum have, by recent action of the Regents, been more closely coördinated with the several departments to which they pertain than they have been heretofore. While no additional restrictions to the public exhibition of specimens are imposed, it is the aim to make them available for teaching purposes so far as this can be done without injury to them. Any specimens may be used by instructors for class demonstration, and duplicates of less costly ones may be used by students pursuing special studies.

The materials are obtained from many sources, chief among which may be named the following: (1) The State Geological Survey, which contributed not merely its extensive collections of minerals, of fossils, of marine and land shells, but especially that series of skins of California birds which were the type-specimens of the species described in its report on ornithology. This nucleus of the Museum was subsequently enlarged by a set of Wardian casts made up of selected types of the larger fossils. (2) The Pioche collection of shells, fossils, minerals, and ores illustrative of Pacific Coast forms, though principally from South America. (3) The collection of D. O. Mills, containing a large series of California land shells, and of native ores and rocks. (4) The collection of James R. Keene-a costly group of minerals. Recent additions have been numerous and valuable. (5) The various expeditions of the Zoological Department. new species are placed in the Museum, as are also specimens of various species, genera, etc., illustrating interesting cases of variation, geographical distribution, and other facts in the natural history of the California marine and terrestrial fauna.

Type specimens of

Ethnology. This department contains many remarkable stone implements and skulls obtained from mounds and river gravels of the Pacific Coast, and presented to the University by D. O. Mills; wooden and stone implements, and other articles, illustrating the manners and

customs of the people of the Pacific Islands, presented by the late F. L. A. Pioche; a small but good collection of Peruvian pottery, presented by Dr. W. Newcomb; a fine collection of Indian utensils, presented by W. C. Chapin; a series of excellent models of the cliffdwellers of New Mexico and Arizona; a collection of relics from Alaska and the Fiji Islands; and a recent addition of nearly forty specimens of ancient Mexican pottery. The Museum is frequently enriched by gifts from the graduates of the University.

Botany. The botanical collections of the University contain the following:

I. A Phænogamic Herbarium of about twenty thousand sheets of mounted specimens and nearly ten thousand sheets of unmounted material which is rapidly being incorporated.

The nucleus of this collection was contributed by the State Geological Survey. The Californian Flora is well represented by this nucleus and by the large and valuable collections which have been made in recent years in various portions of the State by instructors and advanced and graduate students and donated to the department. This herbarium has acquired by gift a number of important collections, among which may be mentioned some five hundred choice specimens from the southern portion of the State, from S. B. Parish, Dr. A. A. Davidson, R. D. Alderson, and others; the herbarium of J. A. Sanford, illustrating the flora of the lower San Joaquin Valley, and many hundreds of specimens from the resident collectors of Oregon, Washington, and Northern Idaho.

Supplementing the West American material is an herbarium of the grasses of the United States, presented by the United States Department of Agriculture; an excellent representation of the silva and flora of the Southern United States, obtained partly by exchange and partly by purchase; a fine representation of the Australian flora from the late Baron von Mueller, the government botanist; several boxes of choice American plants sent in exchange from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University; and a number of packages of Asiatic and other plants, obtained by exchange with the Royal Gardens at Kew, England. The herbarium has been further increased by the addition of the flowering plants and ferns of the herbarium of Professor Setchell, including several thousand specimens from the Eastern, Central, and Southern United States.

II. A Cryptogamic Herbarium, containing over four thousand sheets, particularly illustrating the Californian species, represents the work of the instructors and students. The large collections of the lower cryptogams, belonging to Professor Setchell, are deposited with the Botanical Department and are accessible to advanced students.

III. A Botanical Museum is being rapidly formed. It contains, at present, the Voy collection of native woods, cones, and tree photographs; a recent collection of cones, to which constant additions are being made; a small collection of native fruits; an economic collection; and a large collection of drugs, acquired from the United States Department of Agriculture by W. L. Jepson and presented to the department.

Zoology. A good collection of vertebrates, crustacea, annelids, echinoderms, and cœlenterates-mostly belonging to the Pacific Coast fauna. To these has recently been added an excellent type collection of California shells. In the College of Agriculture there is a collection of beetles, made by E. Ricksecker, and purchased for the University by J. M. McDonald, M. Cooke, and Cutler Paige, containing over two thousand species, well determined and easily accessible for study. Other recent additions are an osteological collection representing types of mammals, birds, reptiles, and batrachians, a collection of twenty-three hundred species of shells, two specimens of the mountain goat, and a collection of Alaskan birds and mammals, these last the gift of Mr. John H. Turner, of the Coast and Geodetic Survey.

Palæontology. The collections of the Geological Survey, which have become the property of the University, contain either the types or representative specimens of nearly all the known California fossils. In addition to this, the paleontology of the State is illustrated by a collection of splendidly preserved fossils, collected by C. D. Voy and presented to the University by D. O. Mills, Esquire.

A large collection, purchased some years ago by legislative appropriation, represents fully the development of invertebrate life in North America. A carefully selected series of crinoids, from the celebrated locality near Crawfordsville, Indiana, is one of the most interesting features of the palæontological department of the Museum.

A number of valuable invertebrate and vertebrate fossils have been donated to the University during the past year.

Structural Geology. A number of fine models of the most interesting geological regions; chiefly of the United States, and embodying the results of the researches of the United States Geological Survey; but partly of other countries. To these has recently been added an excellent relief map of the Peninsula of San Francisco from latitude 37° 30′ to the Golden Gate, on a scale of two inches to the mile, the map having been constructed by the Department of Geology.

Economic Geology. Sets of specimens from numerous mines on the Pacific Coast-gold, silver, copper, quicksilver, iron, and coal

showing for each mine the ore minerals, veinstones, wall-rocks, and other important features.

Mineralogy. A very large collection, fully arranged, and supplied with ample case room. It completely illustrates the instruction

in mineralogy, and offers inexhaustible material for investigation,, facilities for which are freely placed at the disposal of the student.

Mineralogical Models. Deposited in the Mineralogical Museum is a collection of glass and wooden crystal models, the former illustrating fully the relations of holohedral, hemihedral, and tetartohedral forms.

Petrography. The collection contains many hundred rock specimens from the Eastern States and the Territories, from England and the European Continent, and a very large number of California rocks, collected by the corps of the State Geological Survey and by C. D. Voy. The collection of rock-sections for microscopic study contains over three thousand slides, numbered to correspond with the handspecimens from which the slides were prepared. The California rocks are being determined and placed in the collection.

The

Agriculture. A collection of more than eighteen hundred specimens of the soils of this State, to which frequent additions are made. character of the several agricultural regions of California is thus fully illustrated, and the material forms the basis for continued investigations in the agricultural laboratory. The collection of cereals embraces over three hundred varieties of grains, both in the ear and in cleaned samples, from various localities illustrating the diversities caused by soils and climates.

A general collection of seeds is being formed, for the special purpose of a seed-control station. The work of collecting has now been prosecuted for several years by special students. Requests for the examination of seed-samples as to their purity are frequently made, and the need of greater attention to this point has thus been conspinously exemplified. A complete apparatus for testing the purity and germinating power of seeds has been provided.

The collection of olive seeds embraces fifty-seven varieties from every region of the State. The olive oil collection from different varieties grown in the State illustrates the effects of soil, climate and methods.

By recent Act of the Legislature the College of Agriculture received on January 1, 1896, the very valuable collection of viticultural and Enological apparatus and library gathered during the past fourteen or fifteen years by the State Viticultural Commission. The library is probably the most complete of its kind in America.