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ings; but each candidate should find out definitely from the departments concerned, not later than the beginning of the Senior year, preferably earlier, the particular requirements which must be met.

The University will issue teachers' recommendations in minor subjects, as well as in the major subject or subjects. For the minor recommendation the student is required to have had at least six units of satisfactory work in courses designated as major courses in the Upper Division. In addition, the candidate will be expected to satisfy the faculty of his general fitness for the work proposed.

Courses taken in fulfillment of the requirements for the high school recommendation may be credited also toward the master's degree, or vice versa, subject to the special regulations governing the degree and the recommendation respectively.

GRAMMAR GRADE CERTIFICATES.

According to section 1775 of the Political Code of California, as amended in 1909, County Boards of Education may, without examination, grant certificates of grammar grade to holders of diplomas of graduation of the four-year course of the University of California, or Leland Stanford Junior University, when said holder of such diploma shall have had six months' training in one of the state normal schools of this State or has had eight months' successful experience in teaching in the public schools of California after graduation."

Section 1543 of the Political Code of California, as amended in 1909, provides that county superintendents of schools "shall have the power to issue temporary elementary certificates, valid for two years, to graduates of the University of California and to graduates of the Leland Stanford Junior University," but that "no person shall receive a temporary certificate more than once in the same county."

GENERAL INFORMATION.

DEANS OF THE COLLEGES.

The duties of the Deans of the several colleges at Berkeley are as follows:

1. To issue excuses for brief absence to students enrolled in their respective colleges in all cases in which the absence shall exceed one day. For single absences instructors shall have power to excuse.

2. To answer inquiries from students of their respective colleges, or from their parents or guardians, as to the rules and regulations of the University; and to give information or explanation to students and others who may be in doubt as to the requirements or methods of procedure.

3. To act as advisers of students in their respective colleges, or to designate advisers for them from their respective faculties.

THE DEAN OF THE LOWER DIVISION.

The Dean of the Lower Division assists the President of the University and the faculties of the academic colleges in matters pertaining to the general and personal interests of the students of the Sophomore and Freshman classes.

THE DEAN OF WOMEN.

The Dean of Women assists the President of the University and the faculties of the academic colleges in matters pertaining to the general and personal interests of the women students of the University.

THE ONE-MILE LIQUOR LAW.

Section 172 of the Penal Code of California makes it a misdemeanor for any person to sell, give away, or expose for sale upon the University grounds, or within one mile thereof, any vinous or alcoholic liquors.

EXPENSES OF STUDENTS.

Tuition in the Colleges at Berkeley, except in the College of Medicine, and tuition at the Lick Observatory, including the use of the libraries, is free to residents of the State. Non-residents of California are charged a tuition fee of ten dollars each half-year. Tuition in the College of Medicine is $150 a year. The following incidental expenses are to be met:

Gymnasium and Infirmary Fees.-The Gymnasium fee is $2.00 per halfyear, and the Infirmary fee is $3.00 per half-year; both are payable by every student, graduate or undergraduate, before his study-card is filed. These fees entitle students to gymnasium and hospital privileges, and are not remitted, in whole or in part, for those who may not desire to make use of these privileges. Gymnasium privileges comprise, besides the use

of the gymnasium, tennis courts, swimming pool, baths, lockers, washrooms, etc. The Infirmary fee entitles students, in case of illness, to hospital care (cost of surgical operations not included) or dispensary treatment. One-half of the amount of these fees is returned to students who leave the University during the first half-year before September 1, or during the second half-year before February 1.

Laboratory Fees. In the laboratories a charge is made for materials actually used. This charge, for students in the elementary laboratories, amounts to from $5 to $30 per annum.

Military Uniforms.-Every able-bodied male undergraduate student is required to take military exercises during his first two years in the University. A sum sufficient to cover the cost of the uniform, about $18, must be deposited with the Secretary immediately after admission. Uniforms made by any other than the authorized manufacturer will not be accepted.

Board and lodging may be obtained in private families in or near Berkeley and Oakland at from $25 to $40 a month. They may occasionally be had in return for various personal services in the household. The hours of recitation are such that many students reside in Oakland and San Francisco. The journey from San Francisco requires 40 minutes. The cost of board and lodging, in students' boarding clubs, ranges from $15 to $20 a month. A few students "board themselves' for as low as $15 a month, but this plan of living is not generally to be recommended. There are no dormitories maintained by the University. Lists of boarding places approved by the University authorities are published at the opening of every session, one list for men and another for women.

Other expenses are: Gymnasium suit, about $5; books and stationery, from $18 to $25 per annum. Annual membership in the Students' Cooperative Society costs $1, which amount is soon offset by the purchase of books and other supplies at prices below current retail prices.

The ordinary yearly expenses of a student in the academic departments, including personal expenses, need not exceed $350.

Opportunities for Self-Support.-Board and lodging can often be obtained in exchange for three or four hours of household work daily.

Other work by students is paid for at the following approximate rates: Manual labor (men), 25 cents to 30 cents per hour.

Clerical work, 25 cents per hour.

Typewriting and stenography, 25 cents to 30 cents per hour.

Telephone service (women), 20 cents to 22 cents per hour.

Sewing (women), 20 cents to 25 cents per hour.

Taking care of children (women), 15 cents to 20 cents per hour.

A student qualified to do draughting, computing, and other technical or expert work can occasionally find employment at rates considerably higher than the above.

General manual work, such as gardening, sweeping and cleaning, woodcutting and the like, housework of all sorts, and typewriting, especially with stenography, can always be found. For other employment the opportunities are not so great, the demand for it by students being always larger than the supply.

Self-supporting students are respected. With reasonable diligence a student can devote from twelve to twenty-five hours per week to outside work without seriously interfering with college work of from twelve to sixteen units (involving thirty-six to forty-eight hours per week). It should always be borne in mind, however, by students seeking employment, that not every kind or every amount of outside work is entirely compatible with the student's main purpose at the University, namely, his education.

The Young Men's and Young Women's Christian Associations act as bureaus of information concerning boarding places and opportunities for remunerative employment.

The office of the Appointment Secretary, 203 California Hall, will also file applications for employment, and assist properly qualified students in securing it. These agencies, however, can do little for students who are not actually on the ground to negotiate for themselves. It is usually so difficult for a stranger to secure remunerative employment from the start that, in general, no one should come to Berkeley expecting to become selfsupporting through the University course, without having on hand at the beginning sufficient funds to cover the expenses of the first year.

LOAN FUNDS.

Students desiring loans from any funds, other than the Prytanean, should make application, through the Secretary to the President, to the Committee of Award, using the loan fund forms which are available in the President's office. Freshmen are not entitled to borrow except from the University Medal and the Grubstake Funds and from the Fund of the Class of 1911; and preference will be given even in these cases to students in the higher classes. The Committee of Award will in general restrict loans to regular undergraduate students in the colleges of Letters, Sciences and Engineering. A student may not borrow from a single fund or by combination of sums from different funds more than one hundred dollars, previous loans counting toward this total.

The Prytanean Loan Fund. The Prytanean Society has established a Loan Fund, which may be drawn upon for the purpose of aiding deserving undergraduate students in good standing. The fund is administered by a committee composed of the Dean of Women, the president of the Prytanean society and a third member to be selected. Application for a loan from this fund should be addressed through the Dean of Women to the committee in charge of the fund.

The Frank J. Walton Memorial Loan Fund was established by the grad uates of the Class of 1883 in memory of a classmate deceased. Loans are available to undergraduate students in the academic department at Berkeley, who are studying for degrees, and who have finished half their undergraduate course.

The Memorial Loan Fund of the Class of 1886 was accepted by the Regents from the trustees of the fund in April, 1902. In the distribution of loans from the fund, precedence is given to students in the higher classes. No loans are made to freshmen.

The Loan Fund of the Class of 1895 was established by the class and accepted by the Regents in January, 1911. The committee having authority to determine the administration of the fund awards loans for the benefit of students of the University above the freshman year.

The Loan Fund of the Class of 1903 was established by the class in the year of its graduation. "Application for a loan may be made by any college student having senior standing."

The Loan Fund of the Class of 1909 was established by the class in the year of its graduation and accepted by the Regents in August of that year. Loans are available “for juniors and seniors in the University only.'

The Loan Fund of the Class of 1911 was established by the class in the year of its graduation and accepted by the Regents in June of that year. The fund is available for loans to deserving students, without stated restric tion as to classes.

The Grubstake W Loan Fund was established through gift of a stranger who in September, 1908, called upon the President of the University. describing himself as a messenger from a man "up in the woods' who wished to "grubstake" some student who was working his way and needed a little money to help him finish his college course. The gift was reported by the President to the Regents, and is used in accordance with the desire of the donor as a loan fund. Loans are given to men only and by preference to students in the engineering colleges, especially the college of mining.

The University Medal Loan Fund was created by the Regents through sale to the United States mint of three gold medals which the medalists preferred not to accept. The fund is available for loans to students.

The Hammerslag Loan Fund was founded in February, 1910, in accordance with the terms of the will of Mr. A. Hammerslag. Loans are made in monthly sums or other periodical amounts to such students as would otherwise be unable, or find it extremely difficult to continue their course in the University. Preference is, in accordance with the desire of the donor, given to students in scientific courses and, when possible, to students who in the opinion of the President are likely to do original work in any branch of science.

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