ANATOMY ROBERT ORTON MOODY, M.D., Assistant Professor of Anatomy. EDWARD MILLER, Technical Assistant. The courses of instruction in anatomy are given in Berkeley. The classes in gross anatomy are divided into small groups in order to avoid the inevitable noise and disturbance which result from a large group of students working together. Material for dissection is prepared in the embalming room, which is equipped with the necessary hydraulic apparatus to inject both the embalming fluids and the color masses for the arteries and veins in any desired pressure. After this process is completed the bodies are preserved in a carbolic solution. The teaching museum consists of specially prepared corrosions, injeetions, dissections, and models. The laboratory for microscopic anatomy is outfitted with microtomes and is supplied with all the stains and reagents necessary for the ordinary and finer methods of microscopic preparation. The routine work of the department falls into the natural divisions of gross and microscopic anatomy, and some effort is made to have the transition between the two as gradual as possible. Inasmuch as the process of formal education must end sooner or later, the department endeavors as far as possible to make the students entirely independent. This is further encouraged in the elective system, by which a certain amount of selection is allowed in the regular work of the department. MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY The various tissues and organs of the body are studied from the development point of view so that their gradual differentiation from the embryonic to the adult form is taken up. Since function and structure can not be separated in the consideration of the microscopic appearance of tissues and organs, their chief physiological aspects are briefly considered. The study of each group consists of three main steps: (1) For the purpose of orientation, the consideration of their macroscopic appearances, relations, and physiology. (2) The transition from the macroscopic to the microscopic conditions is made with the dissecting microscope and teasing methods, free hand or frozen sections. (3) The more detailed study is made from specimens prepared by methods designed to emphasize their principal microscopic features. In this course the value of comparing the organs of a series of animals is recognized and the * Absent on leave, 1912-13. student is given numerous comparative specimens. Routine sections are, as a rule, prepared by the technical assistant and are only mounted by the student. On the completion of a group of closely related subjects, the student is required to incorporate the results of his laboratory work in a paper fully covering the ground. The paper must be illustrated with the laboratory drawings and contain an epitome of the student's notes and collateral reading. The drawings are made from preparations of human material wherever this is possible. 101. Histology. Dr. DAL PIAZ. In this course are considered the anatomy of the cell, its variations in form, the conditions and processes of its proliferation, and the modifications which result in its differentiation into a cell of specialized type. The formation of the embryonic germ layers is then taken up and followed by a detailed study of the different fundamental tissues of the body, as these are composed of cells and cell products and derived from one or the other of the germ layers. This study is always comparative. First year, 2 laboratory periods, 2 lectures a week, first half-year. 4 units. 102. Microscopic Organology. Dr. DAL PIAZ. The organs are discussed with reference to their form, arrangement, and the number of the fundamental tissues composing them, with special reference to their structural and functional relations to other organs. In each case the students begin their study with the structures in situ, and special effort is made to bridge the gap between the appearance of the organs in gross and under the microscope. First year, 2 laboratory periods, 2 lectures a week, first half-year. 4 units. 103. Neurology and the Sense Organs. In this course special attention is paid to the macroscopic and microscopic architecture of the central nervous system and the organs of special sense. The neurone studied in Course 1 is used as the unit in the construction of the nervous system with a view of tracing the origin, development, and final arrangement of the different pathways for nerve impulses. Considerable attention is given to the consideration of the growth and development of the nervous system. Second year, 2 lectures, 2 laboratory periods a week, first half-year. 4 units. SYSTEMATIC HUMAN ANATOMY The laboratory method is largely used in giving the courses in systematic human anatomy, with occasional lectures and formal quizzes. An oral examination is required at the completion of the dissection of each part. Students are urged to work independently as far as possible. Special emphasis is laid upon the importance of the visual images rather than word pictures of the various structures of the body. The student dissects from the standpoint of the segment, and to a great extent looks upon the various structures as they are found in the body from the point of view of their comparative relationship and development. Topographical relations are shown by models and frozen or formalin-hardened sections. In order to emphasize the importance of original work, a series of statistical investigations is being constantly carried on by the students through the agency of tabulation charts on which they record the important variations found in their dissections. Special attention is paid to the variations of one particular part of the body. 104. Osteology. Students are required to become familiar with the detailed characters and differential peculiarities of each bone in the body. A disarticulated skeleton is lent to each student and mounted skeletons and models of the joints are provided for use in the laboratory. First year, first half-year. M Tu Th F, 1-4, first 8 weeks. 2 units. 105. Head and Neck. Assistant Professor MOODY and Dr. DAL PIAZ. First half-year, second 8 weeks, M Tu W Th F, 1-5. Second half-year, 16 weeks, M Tu W Th F, 8-12. 3% units. 106. Arm and Thorax. Assistant Professor MOODY and Dr. DAL PIAZ. First half-year, second 8 weeks, M Tu W Th F, 1-5. Second half-year, 16 weeks, M Tu W Th F, 8-12. 3% units. 107. Leg and Abdomen. Assistant Professor MoODY and Dr. DAL PIAZ. First half-year, second 8 weeks, M Tu W Th F, 1-5. Second halfyear, 16 weeks, M Tu W Th F, 8-12. 3% units. 108. Regional and Topographical Anatomy and Normal Physical Diagnosis. Assistant Professor MOODY. Second half-year. Living models, special dissections and sections of the body are used in this course to enable the student to become more familiar with structural relations and to assemble information obtained in preceding dissections. The normal heart and lung sounds and the mapping out of organs by percussion are studied on the living models. 2 units. Tu F, 8-11. Prerequisite: courses 105, 106, and 107. 109. Special Anatomy for Physicians and Advanced Students. Hours arranged to suit applicants. 210. Research. Assistant Professor Moody. Assistant Professor MOODY. Students and others who are sufficiently prepared will be allowed to undertake research upon original problems under the direction of the head of the department. The course also gives opportunity for those wishing to gain experience in special Histological Technique and in the construction of papers for publication. If the results obtained merit it, they will be published. To cover the cost of material expensive to obtain, chemicals, etc., a laboratory fee of $5 will be charged. Hours optional. 2. Histological Technique. Mr. MILLER. Designed for those wishing to further familiarize themselves with the general and special methods of obtaining, fixing, embedding, sectioning, staining, and mounting material for microscopical examination. The course is optional. It cannot be substituted for work required in the Medical Department. Hours to be arranged. Laboratory fee to cover cost of material, $10. PHYSIOLOGY SAMUEL STEEN MAXWELL, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Physiology. ARTHUR RUSSELL MOORE, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Physiology. C. B. BENNETT, Ph.D., Assistant in Physiological Chemistry. L. R. BEAUCHAMP, Technical Assistant. The required courses are 103, 104 and 106. The remaining courses are open to those students who have the time and the preparation necessary to pursue them with profit. Attention should be called to the fact that the equipment of the department offers unusual opportunities for research both in the Rudolph Spreckels Laboratory at Berkeley and in the Herzstein Research Laboratory at New Monterey. The equipment in the Rudolph Spreckels Physiological Laboratory comprises in addition to the apparatus and conveniences for the customary lines of work in mammalian physiology ample facilities for research in physiological chemistry and experimental biology. The department library contains complete sets of all the important physiological journals, and the more important monographs on physiological and related subjects. The Herzstein Research Laboratory at New Monterey offers facilities for the investigation of problems in marine biology. UPPER DIVISION COURSES 103. Biochemistry. Associate Professor ROBERTSON and Dr. BENNETT. Chemistry of the constituents of living matter; chemical dynamics of life-phenomena; chemical physiology of the blood, digestion and metabolism. Lectures 5 hrs., laboratory 15 hrs., second half-year; 10 units. Free elective. 104. Physiology. Associate Professor MAXWELL, Dr. BURNETT and Dr. BENNETT. Physiology of the muscle, nerve, central nervous system and sensa tion, circulation, respiration and secretion. Lectures, 6 hrs., laboratory 18 hrs., first half-year; 12 units. |