Qualitative analysis, based on the tests in the United States Pharmacopoeia, completes the term. In adopting such a wide range of study it is the aim to have typical processes of precipitation, neutralization, crystallization, and analysis carefully and correctly performed, rather than compel the student to do hurried work. SECOND OR SENIOR YEAR. Analytical and Experimental. Professor GREEN. The course commences with elementary crystallography and the recognition of each system, with examples chosen from official salts. Models, both opaque and transparent, are used as aids. Then follows a short laboratory course in organic chemistry. The work is intended to elucidate classes and types. The student then begins analytical work which embraces a systematic course of quantitative chemical analysis, volumetric, gravimetric, and colorimetric. This is a necessity in the education of a practical pharmacist, and the course is shaped to this end. Quantitative (gravimetric) chemical analysis and manipulation, and volumetric analysis and its application to practical pharmacy, complete the first Senior session. The polariscope is employed in estimating sugar, also in determining the optical rotation of the essential oils. The absorption bands of coloring matter are demonstrated by means of the spectroscope. Along with these physical tests, the methods for the determination of the melting points are studied, with examples, such as melting point of petrolatum, cacao butter, lard, the waxes, salol, naphthaline, and acetanilid. The chemical tests for the new official synthetic compounds, as well as some in frequent use that are not recognized by the United States Pharmocopoeia, are carried out not alone as to identity, but also with a view to the detection of impurities. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the urine is then studied. The course concludes with experimental work in the identification and separation of poisons under conditions similar to those found in cases of accidental or criminal poisoning. This constitutes the chemical side of toxicology. THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PHARMACY. FIRST OR JUNIOR YEAR. Professor NISH. Didactic and Operative. Theoretical Pharmacy is taught by lectures and reviews explanatory of the operations and processes employed in laboratory work, while operative pharmacy is taught by requiring the student to per form the operations himself under supervision. The course begins with lectures on elementary pharmacy, the laboratory work beginning with the simpler pharmaceutical processes, the operations being first explained in the lecture room. By teaching theoretical and practical pharmacy simultaneously, as far as possible, both are better understood and their study made more interesting. Beginning with a notice of the pharmacopoeias of Western nations, the systems of weights and measures in use by them, and the apparatus employed for weighing and measuring, the student passes on to the subject of specific gravity and the methods of estimating the same. Then follows a consideration of the application of heat to pharmacy, and of the measurement of heat by different thermometers. After this the simpler operations of pharmacy are taken up, such as solution, evaporation, distillation, sublimation, precipitation, filtration, dialysis, crystallization, etc. Comminution is then explained-slicing, bruising, grinding, and pulverizing, in mills, in mortars, and by other means; also sifting, elutriation, filtration, .clarification, and decoloration. The various processes of extraction employed in pharmacy are then considered, such as infusion, decoction, maceration, digestion, percolation or displacement, repercolation, expression, etc. Then the practical operation of these processes is shown in the preparation of the official waters, syrups, infusions, decoctions, tinctures, followed by mixtures, emulsions, ointments, cerates, oelates, etc. The manufacture of suppositories, pills, triturates, troches, and efferescing granular salts concludes the work of the year. SECOND OR SENIOR YEAR. Didactic and Operative. Professor NISH. The Senior course is a continuation of the work begun in the Junior year, but gradually leads on to operations requiring more skill and care. It includes lectures and reviews, followed by laboratory work on the manufacture of chemical syrups, the official liquors, solid and fluid extracts, scale salts, spirits, resins, glucosides, alkaloids, etc., so that when the course is completed, the student has made one or more of almost every type of preparation in the United States Pharmacopoeia and National Formulary. As this work proceeds, the processes of percolation, distillation, etc., are operated by the students, and each process is explained. The student is required to know the reason for every detail of each process. The menstrua employed in galenical preparations being |