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II. COURSES IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY

4. History of Greek Philosophy.-(1) A survey of the history of thought, considered in its relations to the sciences, to literature, and to social and political conditions; and (2) an introduction to philosophy through a more careful study of some of the most important systems. Windelband's History of Philosophy with lectures, and readings from Plato and Aristotle. For the Senior Colleges and Graduate Schools. Mj. [Not given in 1914-15.]

4A. The Development of Greek Religion and Philosophy.-After a rapid survey of the early period, several of Plato's Dialogues will be studied with special reference to the religious and moral conceptions and their place in the social life of the Greek people. M. First Term, Summer, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AMES.

4B. The Philosophy of Aristotle.-A general survey of the contributions of Aristotle to logic, physics, ethics, and politics, with a more detailed study of the Metaphysics. M. Summer, Second Term, PROFESSOR CRAWFORD.

5. Modern Philosophy.-A general survey of the philosophic development from Bacon and Descartes to Hegel. Lectures on the relation between the philosophical and the political, religious, and scientific movements, with assigned readings of selections from authors discussed. For Senior College and graduate students. Mj. Winter, 10:45, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AMES.

6. Movements of Thought in the Nineteenth Century. The thought of the century will be traced not only in its more formal philosophic aspects, but also as represented in literary and scientific movements. Romanticism, Idealism, Positivism, Transcendentalism, Utilitarianism, and the Doctrine of Evolution will be treated. Mj. Summer, PROFESSORS MOORE AND TUFTS; Spring, 10:45, PROFESSOR MEAD.

9. Philosophy of Nature.-The theories of nature in the ancient, mediaeval, and modern worlds will be presented in their relations to scientific methods and social organization. Mj. PROFESSOR MEAD. [Not given in 1914-15.]

10. Development of Thought in the Modern Period. The course will include: (1) Locke, Hume, and Adam Smith; (2) Rousseau and Kant; (3) Fichte and Hegel; (4) Bentham, the two Mills, and Comte; (5) Evolutionary period, (a) the Neo-Hegelians, (b) the Pragmatists. It will be the purpose of the course to indicate the interaction of the philosophic doctrines of these periods with the current political and economic theories. For graduate students. Mj. Autumn, PROFESSOR MEAD; Continued in Winter, Mj. PROFESSOR MOORE. [Not given in 1914-15.]

13. Aristotle's "Metaphysics."-The Metaphysics will be studied in translation, and considered in its relation to the other portions of Aristotle's philosophical writings, and in its attempt to define the scope and import of metaphysics. Mj. PROFESSOR MEAD. [Not given in 1914-15.]

14. Philosophy and the Early Renaissance.-A study of the influences which led to philosophical revival in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, e.g., the Crusades, the contact with the Moors in Spain, increase in commerce, national and municipal political movements, and fuller acquaintance with Aristotle. Conceptualism growing out of the thinking of Abelard, and the beginnings of scientific interest culminating in Roger Bacon will be the especial centers of interest in the course. Mj. PROFESSOR MEAD. [Not given in 1914-15.]

16. Cartesianism, with especial reference to the system of Spinoza. Mj. ASSISTANT PROFESSOR GORE. [Not given in 1914-15.]

17. History of Scientific Concepts-Ancient. The topics of this course will be: the earliest attempted control over nature by human society, as indicated in the magic of Babylonia and Egypt; the rise of Babylonian and Egyptian systems of astronomical and geometrical reckoning; their generalization and elaboration into the mathematical science of the ancient world; the contents and functions of scientific concepts in the thought of the ancient world. Mj. Autumn, 11:45, PROFESSOR MEAD.

18. History of Scientific Concepts-Modern.-The topics of this course will be: the attitude of the mediaeval world toward nature as determined by the theology of the church, the authority of Aristotle, and the validity of the experience of the individual; the conditions leading up to the birth of the science of dynamics; the new scientific technique and concepts for which Galileo was responsible; their elaboration during the period ending with Newton; the character of the elements into which the different modern sciences have analyzed their materials, and the character of the objects which they have constructed by their hypotheses. Mj. Winter, 11:45, PROFESSOR MEAD.

19. Descartes, Leibnitz, and Newton.-The development of the philosophic thought of this period will be presented in its relation to the discoveries in contemporaneous physical sciences and their mathematical technique. For graduate students. Mj. Spring, PROFESSOR MEAD. [Not given in 1914-15.]

20. Development of Scientific Concepts since Newton.-A study of the growth of the theory of atoms, molecules, force, and energy, and of mathematical hypotheses in the construction of the conceptual objects of the physical sciences. The relation of this scientific method to the logic and metaphysics of the period will be brought out in the interpretation of the conceptions. Mj. PROFESSOR MEAD. [Not given in 1914-15.]

22, 23. The Philosophy of Kant.-A critical discussion of Kant's Philosophy as a system, and in its relations to previous and subsequent thought. The Critique of Pure Reason will be studied in the Autumn; The Critiques of Practical Reason and of Judgment in the Winter. 2Mjs. Autumn, 8:15, PROFESSOR MOORE; Winter, Seminar, Th., 3:30, PROFESSOR TUFTS.

24. Introduction to Hegel's Logic.-The early development of Hegel's thought will be studied in selected portions of the Phenomenology, and these will then be used to interpret the dialectic and the different movements of Hegel's Logic. Mj. PROFESSOR MEAD. [Not given in 1914–15.]

25. Hamilton and Mill.-The basis of the discussion will be found in J. S. Mill's Examination of the Philosophy of Sir William Hamilton. The philosophic positions of Hamilton and Mill will be considered from the point of view of the predecessors the so-called Scottish School in the case of Hamilton, and the empirical movement represented by Locke, Berkeley, and Hume, in the case of Mill. The positions will then be discussed in their bearing upon the problem of knowledge as it appeared in the scientific thought of the first half of the nineteenth century. Mj. PROFESSOR MEAD. [Not given in 1914-15.]

25A. The Philosophy of Mill.-The logical and epistemological theories of John Stuart Mill will be studied, with reference to their place in the development of British philosophy and their bearings upon recent discussions. The course will be based mainly on Mill's Examination of Hamilton and Logic. For graduate students. M. Summer, Second Term, PROFESSOR CRAWFORD.

26. Comte and Spencer. Topics in the social philosophy of these authors will be studied, especially the concepts of history and of evolution employed. Readings in Comte's Positive Philosophy (Martineau's translation), Caird, The Social Philosophy and Religion of Comte, Spencer's First Principles, Data of Ethics, and Autobiography, and Fiske, Outlines of Cosmic Philosophy. ASSISTANT PROFESSOR GORE. [Not given in 1914-15.]

27. Neo-Realism.-A discussion of: (1) The main issues, metaphysical, logical, and ethical, presented in the doctrines of Neo-Realism; (2) some important differences between the English and American branches. The material used will be taken largely from The New Realism by Holt and others, Perry's Present Philosophical Tendencies, and Russell's The Problems of Philosophy. For graduate students. PROFESSOR MOORE. [Not given in 1914-15.]

28. Bergson. A critical study of the fundamental issues presented by Bergson's system. For graduate students. M. Summer, First Term, PROFESSOR MOORE.

X, 14. The Religion and Philosophy of India.-The aim of this course is to give a brief outline of the development of religious and philosophical ideas in India. A few introductory lectures will be given, treating of the country and people, of the general characteristics of Hindu modes of thought, of political history, of the Sanskrit literature, and of the growth of social institutions. The ability to read German readily, though not required, will greatly enhance the value of the work. For graduate students. Mj. Summer, 9:15, DR. CLARK.

X, 15. Hindu Philosophy.-This course will trace the growth of philosophic thought in India from the Rig Veda through the Upanishads to the six great philosophical systems. Especial attention will be paid to the Vedanta, the Šainkhya, and the Yoga systems. Mj. Spring, 9:15, DR. CLARK.

Attention of students in the History of Philosophy is also called to the following courses in other departments which deal with the history of thought: Psychology, 20-32, History of Psychology; Political Economy, 10,13, History of Political Economy; Sociology, 72, Introduction to Sociology, 74-76, Evolution of the Social Sciences in the Nineteenth Century; Comparative Religion, 6, 11-17, History of the Philosophy of Religion; Semitic Languages, 139, Rabbinical Philosophy, 196, Philosophical Literature of the Arabians; Greek, 63-65, Plato, 66-68, Stoicism and Epicureanism in Ancient Literature and Life; Physics, 25, History of Science (Physical).

III. COURSES IN LOGIC AND METAPHYSICS

NOTE. See also courses 17, 18, 22-27 above.

30. The Logic of Science.-The formation of the scientific judgment will be discussed in the following aspects: the problem; the gathering of the data; the formation of the hypothesis; verification; and practice. Mj. Spring, 11:45, PROFESSOR MEAD.

31. The Logic of the Social Sciences.-The methods actually in use in the historical and social sciences will be discussed in their relation to the theory of inference. The discussion will follow Wundt's treatment in the second volume of his Logic, certain chapters in Karl Pearson's Grammar of Science, portions of Jevon's Principles of Science, and other collateral material. Mj. PROFESSOR MEAD. [Not given in 1914-15.]

32. The Logic of the Physical and Biological Sciences.-The two problems considered in this course will be the function of mathematics in the determination of the objects of the physical sciences, and the implications of evolution as scientific hypothesis. PROFESSOR MEAD. [Not given in 1914-15.]

33A, B, C. Seminar: Thought and Reality.-A course in modern logical metaphysics. The development of modern theories of the nature of thought and its function in the world and the connection of these theories with political, scientific, and religious motifs will be traced. The general divisions of the course are: (1) Empiricism and Rationalism; (2) Idealism; (3) Intellectualism and Voluntarism; (4) Evolutionism and Pragmatism; (5) Neo-Realism. 3Mjs. Autumn, Winter, and Spring, M., 3:30-5:30, PROFESSOR MOORE.

34A, B, C. Seminar: Modern Logical Theory.-The course will trace in the development of modern logical theory (1) the different conceptions of the general nature and function of thought with (2) the corresponding interpretations of the logical functions; idea, judgment, inference; hypothesis, induction, deduction, and verification. Beginning with Lotze and Mill the course will follow the development to the present time, showing the modifications of logical theory made by the conception of evolution, the pragmatic and the neo-realistic movements. For graduate students. 3Mjs. 1915-16, PROFESSOR MOORE.

35. Seminar: Hegel's Logic. This course presupposes a fundamental study of Kant, and leads up to the study of modern logical theory. Wallace' translation of Hegel's Logik will be used. The aim of the course will be to enable the student to follow out as sympathetically as possible the structure of Hegel's

thought, and to recognize the problems that have appeared with Hegel's conception of Logic, and the limitations of Hegel's method in dealing with them. Mj. Spring, M., 4:00-6:00, PROFESSOR MOORE. [Not given in 1914-15.]

36. Relations of Logic to Psychology. A comparison of logical and psychological aspects of inference, analogy, classification, hypothesis, judgment, and fallacy. Mj. Autumn, 10:45, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR GORE.

37. Seminar.-The Judgment from the point of view of social psychology. Mj. Winter, PROFESSOR MEAD. [Not given in 1914-15.]

38. Theories of Consciousness.-This course will include a brief historical introduction to the problem of consciousness and will present the more typical theories of consciousness in their relation to contemporary philosophic thought. For graduate students. Mj. or M. Summer, First Term, PROFESSOR BODE.

IV. COURSES IN ETHICS AND RELIGION

40. Evolution of Morality.-A study of the historical development of the moral life and of moral standards in relation to the social, economic, and political conditions, and also to custom, law, and religion. Mj. Spring, PROFESSOR TUFTS.

41. Advanced Ethical Theory. A critical and constructive treatment of present problems of ethical theory. M. Summer, Second Term, PROFESSOR TUFTS.

44. Social and Political Philosophy.-Typical problems of social organization and progress will be considered with especial reference to the standpoints of individualism and socialism. The conceptions of freedom, justice, rights, and democracy will be studied with reference to present economic, industrial, and legal conditions. For graduate students. Mj. Winter, 8:15, PROFESSOR TUFTS. 1A, 13. Social Psychology.-Mj. Winter, 10:45, PROFESSOR MEAD.

49. Seminar: Social Consciousness.-The field of investigation will be dissociation in normal and pathological states, in its relation to self-consciousness. The aim of the investigation will be to study the bearing of these facts of dissociation upon the function of consciousness of self in inner experience, and in outer social conduct and organization. PROFESSOR MEAD. [Not given in 1914–15.]

51. Seminar: Moral Education.-A general consideration of the processes and agencies of moral development in the race and the individual, with special investigation of existing or proposed agencies of the school, such as corporate life, methods of study and discipline, subject-matter of the curriculum, specific moral instruction. Mj. Spring, PROFESSOR TUFTS. [Not given in 1914-15.]

60. Psychology of Religion.-A study of the impulses, habits, and beliefs in religious experience; the place and function of ceremonials, sacrifice, prayer, myth; various forms of personal and organized religion: conversion, beliefs, institutional types and tendencies. Mj. Spring, 8:15, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AMES.

61. Metaphysics of Religion.—A survey of the main concepts of the great historical religions with a view to their origin and function; e.g., creation, providence, evil, sin, redemption, spirits, gods. Mj. ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AMES. [Not given in 1914-15.]

62. Psychology of Religious Groups.-M. Summer, Second Term, AssistANT PROFESSOR AMES.

[Not given in 1914–15.]

63. The Psychology of Mysticism.-A description and analysis of several historical types of mysticism and an interpretation in terms of recent social and individual psychology. M. Summer, First Term, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AMES.

VI, 96. The Ethics of Sociology.-See Sociology 96. Mj. Spring, PROFESSOR SMALL.

Attention of students in Ethics and Social Philosophy is also invited to the following courses in other departments which deal with the laws of social conditions: Political Economy, 4, 5, 41-46, Labor and Capital; Sociology, 53, The Family, 56, Industrials, 57-58, Social Amelioration, 74-76, Evolution of the Social Sciences, 95, Conflict of Classes, 96, Ethics of Sociology.

SUMMARY OF COURSES OFFERED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY, 1914-15

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