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202. Selected Suras of the Koran.-Critical translation and interpretation. Mj. Winter, 1915, DR. LUCKENBILL.

203. Historical Prose.-Selections from the Annals of Tabari, the Prolegomena of Ibn Khaldun, and other historical works. Mj. Autumn, 1914, DR. LUCKENBILL.

204. The Bible in Arabic.-Rapid reading of selections from the Gospels. Mj. Winter, 1915, DR. LUCKENBILL.

206. Arabic Biographies. Selections from Ibn Hisham's Life of Mohammed, Ibn al Qifti's Tarikh al Hukama, etc. Mj. DR. LUCKENBILL.

207. Arabic Grammarians.-Reading and study of selected portions from these writers. Mj. DR. LUCKENBILL.

208. Arabic Commentaries on the Koran.-Selections from Baidhawi's commentary on the Koran. Mj. DR. LUCKENBILL.

209. Arabic Fables.-Portions of the Kalilah wa Dimnah will be read and compared with the old Syriac version. Mj. Winter, 1915, DR. LUCKENBILL. 210. Arabic Poetry.-Selections from the pre-Islamic poets. Mj. DR. LUCKENBILL.

211. Arabian Nights.-Rapid reading of portions of The Thousand and One Nights. Mj. DR. LUCKENBIll.

216. Mohammedan History to the Beginning of the Crusades.—Mj. Dr. LUCKENBILL.

218. History of the Crusades from the Mohammedan Standpoint.—Mj. DR. LUCKENBILL.

220. History of the Crusades.-Reading of selections from Arabic sources. Mj. DR. LUCKENBILL.

230. Mohammedanism.-A study of the progress of Mohammedanism, with special reference to the Islam of today. Autumn, 1914, DR. LUCKENBILL.

VII. EGYPTIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

240. Beginners' Hieroglyphic.-Including the acquisition of the commonest signs and the grammatical principles of the language of the classic period. Mj. Autumn, 1914, 1915, PROFESSOR BREASTED.

242. Translation of Egyptian Historical Texts.-Mj. PROFESSOR BREASTED. 244. Late Egyptian.-The language of the Empire (Eighteenth to Twentieth Dynasties). (Possible only after pursuing the two preceding courses.) Mj. PROFESSOR BREASTED.

245. Hieratic. Reading from Papyrus Ebers, Moeller's Chrestomathie, etc. Mj. PROFESSOR BREASTED.

246. Egyptian Literature.—Rapid reading of the best literary products of Egypt in annals, narrative, and poetry; largely in the original, but with the use of all other materials in translation. Mj. PROFESSOR BREASTED.

248. Pyramid Texts.-A study of the earliest religious texts in the world with constant comparison with later religious compositions, especially the Book of the Dead. Mj. PROFESSOR BREASTED.

249. Papyrus Harris. Study of the palaeography, but more especially of the archaeology of the buildings and monuments described. Mj. Winter, 1914, PROFESSOR BREASTED.

250. Egyptian Texts of the Greco-Roman Period.-Including a study of the bilingual inscription of Rosetta, the Decree of Canopus, and the Stele of Alexander II. M. PROFESSOR BREASTED.

252. Coptic Language.—Elementary study of the Sahidic dialect, using Steindorff's Grammatik. Mj. PROFESSOR BREASTED.

254. Coptic Language. Sahidic Dialect.-Translation from the version of the Prophets, and the New Testament, and the tracing of all possible etymologies. Mj. PROFESSOR BREASTED.

IX. THE DEPARTMENT OF BIBLICAL AND PATRISTIC GREEK

OFFICERS OF INSTRUCTION

ERNEST DEWITT BURTON, D.D., Professor and Head of the Department of New

Testament and Early Christian Literature.

CLYDE WEBER VOTAw, D.B., PH.D., Associate Professor of New Testament Literature.

EDGAR JOHNSON GOODSPEED, D.B., PH.D., Associate Professor of Biblical and Patristic Greek; Assistant Director of Haskell Oriental Museum.

SHIRLEY JACKSON CASE, D.B., PH.D., Associate Professor of New Testament Interpretation.

FRED MERRIFIELD, A.B., D.B., Instructor in New Testament History and Interpretation.

JAMES OSCAR LEATH, A.M.

FELLOWS, 1914-15

CHESTER CHARLTON McCown, A.B., D.B.
ARTHUR WAKEFIELD SLATEN, AB., D.B.

INTRODUCTORY

LINES OF STUDY

The Department of New Testament and Early Christian Literature offers courses in the Divinity School, and in the Graduate School of Arts and Literature and the Senior Colleges (under the name Department of Biblical and Patristic Greek). The aim of this Department is, by its various courses, to set forth as fully and clearly as possible the origin and early development of the Christian religion. Inclusive of the work in biblical theology of the New Testament (XLIII) it provides instruction in the following lines of investigation:

1. The historical environment of early Christianity: the conditions in the Jewish nation and in the Roman Empire at large amid which Jesus and his immediate followers did their work, the Christian church came into being, and the early Christian literature arose as a product of the religious life and needs of the Christian community.

2. The origin and history of the literature of the New Testament and early Christian period, including (a) Jewish literature of approximately the New Testament period, (b) the books of the New Testament, considered with reference to their origin, authorship, date, purpose, and plan, and (c) other ante-Nicene Christian literature.

3. The Greek of the New Testament, and of other Greek literature closely related linguistically to the New Testament. In this division of the work opportunity is provided for the translation and grammatical study of the New Testament, of the Septuagint and other Greek versions of the Old Testament, of Jewish Greek literature nearly contemporaneous with the New Testament writings, and of early Christian Greek literature. The special aim of this portion of the work is, primarily, to give to all students the necessary linguistic foundation for the interpretation of the New Testament, and, secondarily, to afford to those who desire it an opportunity to form a broad basis for advanced original work in the various departments of New Testament study. A knowledge of classical Greek

is presupposed. Students who lack this knowledge have opportunity to make the necessary preparation by taking courses in the Department of (classical) Greek.

4. The documents of the New Testament text, and the theory and praxis of textual criticism as applied to them.

5. The Interpretation of the New Testament, including: (a) Principles of interpretation, especially as applied to the New Testament. Instruction in these principles is given in connection with the actual work of interpretation on the part of the student, and is practical rather than theoretical. (b) Interpretation of the various New Testament books in accordance with the principles referred to above.

6. The Life of Jesus. It will be the endeavor of the instructors to make all the previously mentioned lines of study, especially as applied to the gospels, contribute to the attainment and presentation of a true conception of the life and teaching of Jesus.

7. The History of the Early Years of the Christian Church. This subject, necessarily taken up in connection with 1, is also treated independently from the point of view of the rise of Christianity.

8. The teachings of Jesus and other early Christian teachers. Upon the basis of a knowledge of the life, especially the religious life, and thought of the period, the effort is made to set forth in their genetic relation the ideas which constitute the central and governing elements of early Christianity.

9. The History of the New Testament, including (a) the history of manuscripts and versions; (b) the history of the canon; (c) the history of interpretation; (d) the history of criticism.

GENERAL AIM

The work of the Department is planned with reference to the needs of three classes of students: (1) Those who seek a knowledge of the Bible and the early history of the Christian religion as a part of a liberal education, for its practical religious value, or as preparation for general Christian service. (2) Those who are preparing for the Christian ministry and expecting to be pastors or missionaries. (3) Those who are preparing to be teachers of the Bible or of the biblical languages, or instructors in other departments of theological study.

With a view to meeting the varied needs of these several classes, a wide range of courses is offered, and in a number of instances different courses are offered on the same subject, presupposing different degrees of preparation on the part of the student. Thus in the Life of Jesus and the Rise of Christianity, two kinds of courses are offered, more elementary courses intended for undergraduates and other non-Divinity students and presupposing no advanced study of the New Testament, and more advanced courses intended for students who have already taken courses in the history of New Testament times, the origin and purpose of the New Testament books, and interpretation. Courses in interpretation are adapted to the needs of two classes of students, those who are able to use only the English text and those who are able to read the Greek text. The courses on the teachings of Jesus and other early Christian teachers are also of two classes, those in which the work of the student is done on the basis of the English version, and those which presuppose courses with interpretation of the Greek text.

With a like purpose in mind, the relative emphasis on the impartation of the results of the instructors' investigation, the acquisition of information derived from other courses, and the training of the student to investigate for himself, varies in different courses. But the courses as a whole are planned with a view to developing the student's own powers of investigation, and in most of them this is the result directly aimed at.

The courses intended especially for undergraduates and other non-Divinity students are placed by themselves at the end of the list. See VI under "Courses of Instruction."

ARRANGEMENT OF WORK

THE PRESCRIBED COURSES

In order to gain a true insight into the meaning of the New Testament and the rise of the Christian religion it is needful that the student should acquire early in his course a knowledge of the historical situation in which this religion had its origin and of the conditions of religious life and thought that gave occasion to the books of the New Testament. With a view to gaining this needful knowledge and securing a clear knowledge of the fundamental elements of the Christian religion at its inception, while also acquiring a right method of study, all students in the Divinity School who are candidates for the D.B. or Ph.D. degree are required in their second year to take courses 1, 21, and 71.

SEQUENCE COURSES FOR THE D.B. DEGREE

Those who wish to continue their study of the New Testament without the use of the Greek language are advised in their third year to select three or more courses from the following list, 51, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 67, 82, 91, 92, 93, preferably taking one course on a gospel, one on an epistle, and one in the teaching of the New Testament.

All students who wish to acquire a thorough knowledge of the New Testament are recommended to take course 41 in the second year of their course and thereafter to elect for the most part courses based on the Greek text or presupposing a study of it. Students who take course 41 in their second year may postpone course 71 to the third year.

WORK FOR THE MASTER'S DEGREE

Students who desire to obtain the A.M. degree in this Department are required to accomplish eight majors of graduate work under the direction of the Head of the Department, and to present an acceptable thesis. The eight majors must, as a rule, include courses 1, 21, 41, one selected from courses 51 to 67 inclusive (in Greek), and 71 or 86.

SECONDARY WORK FOR THE DOCTOR'S DEGREE

Students of the Divinity School who make New Testament Interpretation and Theology their secondary subject for the Doctor's degree must complete work equivalent to not less than nine majors, including courses 1, 21, and 41. The additional courses must be selected with reference to their relation to the student's principal subject, and must be approved by the Head of the New Testament Department. Such students must be familiar with the grammar and vocabulary of the Greek New Testament, and must be able to read any portion

Students of the Graduate School of Arts and Literature who elect their secondary subject for the Doctor's degree in this Department are required to complete work in this subject equivalent in the aggregate to not less than nine majors, including courses 1, 21, and 41. The courses must be systematically arranged and must be approved by the Head of the Department. The student must be able to read the Septuagint version of the historical books of the Old Testament, any portion of the New Testament, and the Apostolic Fathers.

PRINCIPAL WORK FOR THE DOCTOR'S DEGREE

Students of the Divinity School who make New Testament Interpretation and Theology their principal subject for the Doctor's degree must acquire a reasonably thorough knowledge of the entire field covered by the Department, including all of the nine lines of study indicated above, and must become especially proficient in some one of these lines. They will also be required to have a good knowledge of Hebrew and of Aramaic, and to have done systematic work in Old Testament History and Interpretation, especially in the History of Prophecy. The preliminary courses in Hebrew (three majors), together with a course in Aramaic and three courses in the History and Interpretation of the Old Testament, will furnish the minimum preparation necessary. These courses are required by the New Testament Department, whether the Old Testament be taken as the secondary subject or not. The total amount of work required for the degree cannot be stated in majors and minors. The degree is granted only to those who give evidence of high attainments in the Department and of ability to be independent investigators.

Students of the Graduate School of Arts and Literature who choose their principal subject for the Doctor's degree in this Department must be proficient in Jewish and Roman History from 175 B.c. to 135 A.D. and must have a good acquaintance with the Jewish and Christian literature of this period, and a thorough knowledge of the Greek of the Septuagint, the New Testament, and the Apostolic Fathers. They must be proficient in classical Greek, and have at least an elementary knowledge of Comparative Indo-European Grammar. They must also have such knowledge of Hebrew as can be acquired by the three preliminary majors in the Old Testament Department. A knowledge of Aramaic is also required.

THE NEW TESTAMENT CLUB

The New Testament Club holds meetings once in three weeks for the review of current literature and the presentation of papers on subjects connected with New Testament study.

COURSES OF INSTRUCTION

I. HISTORY

1. Jesus in Jewish History.-The Jewish people in the Roman Empire; geography, population, and languages of Palestine; influence of Hellenism; political events and parties; industrial, social, and intellectual life; religious groups and institutions; moral and religious ideas; historical relation of the life and teaching of Jesus. A prescribed course. Mj. Autumn, 1914, Winter, 1916,

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR VOTAW.

2. The Greco-Roman World in the First Century.-Social, intellectual, and religious conditions and movements outside of Palestine in the New Testament period, with special reference to the expansion of Christianity. Mj. Summer, 1914, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR GOODSPEED.

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