Latin, English, French, or German). Lectures and assigned reading. Topics: Significance of language as an institution in human development; its relation to organized thought, theories of origin. Intrinsic interest and value of language study, apart from practical ends. Historical method. Classification of phonetic changes, and question of their uniformity. Formal changes due to mental association (Analogy). Changes of meaning (Semantics). Development of structure (Agglutination and Adaptation), grammatical categories. Systems of writing, relation of spelling to speech. Language and dialect, linguistic geography, rise of a standard language, language mixture, language and nationality. Brief survey of the more important language families, with more detailed account of the Indo-European family, its past and present distribution, the earliest history and linguistic remains of each branch.

Prerequisite: some knowledge of Latin and of one modern European language, other than English. M. Summer, First Term, 9:00; Mj. Spring, 10:45, PROFESSOR BUCK.

2. Outlines of the Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin (Sounds and Inflections). This course, which is intended primarily for classical students, though also adapted to the needs of students of Germanic or Romance Philology, is meant to be eminently practical, emphasizing those relations which can be understood from a study of the Greek and Latin languages themselves, and the facts which are most helpful to an understanding of the historical development in each language. Mj. Autumn, 10:45, PROFESSOR BUCK.

3. Exercises in Greek and Latin Historical Grammar Based on the Study of Selected Inscriptions.-The time is equally divided between Greek and Latin, and either half may be taken separately as a minor. Mj. or M. Winter, 11:45, PROFESSOR BUCK.

4. Historical Latin Grammar.-Lectures and exercises upon the history of Latin sounds and inflections. M. Summer, First Term, 8:00, PROFESSOR BUCK. 6. Italic Dialects.-Buck's Grammar of Oscan and Umbrian will be used. Mj. PROFESSOR BUCK. [Not given in 1914-15.]

7. Greek Dialects.-Buck's Introduction to the Study of the Greek Dialects will be used. Mj. Spring, 11:45, PROFESSOR BUCK.

10. Sanskrit (Elementary Course).-Whitney's Sanskrit Grammar and Lanman's Sanskrit Reader are used. Mj. Summer, 1:30, DR. CLARK; Autumn, 11:45, PROFESSOR BUCK.

11. Sanskrit.-Reading of classical texts from Lanman's Reader and exercises in Sanskrit composition. Mj. Winter, 1:30, DR. CLARK.

12. Introduction to Vedic Study.-Lanman's Reader and Hillebrandt's Vedachrestomathie will be used. Mj. Spring, 1:30, DR. CLARK.

13. History of Sanskrit Literature. The aim of this course is to give a brief survey of the literature of India—a literature of no small intrinsic value and one which offers much that is of interest to the occidental student. An effort will be made to gain some intelligent appreciation of the social and intellectual conditions under which this literature was produced, and to form some conception of its place in the literature and thought of the world. No knowledge of Sanskrit or Pali is necessary, but a large amount of reading in translations will be required. Mj. Winter, 9:15, DR. CLARK.

14. The Religions of India.—The aim of this course is to give a brief outline of the religion and mythology of the Vedas and an account of the three great Hindu religions-Brahmanism, Buddhism, and Hinduism. A knowledge of these is absolutely essential to the student of Comparative Religion. A few introductory lectures will be given treating of the country and people, of the general characteristics of Hindu modes of thought, of Sanskrit literature, of political history, and of the growth of social institutions. Mj. Summer, 2:30, DR. CLARK.

15. Hindu Philosophy.-The course will trace the growth of philosophic thought in India from the Rig-Veda through the Upanishads to the six great

philosophical systems. Especial attention will be paid to the Vedanta, the Samkhya, and the Yoga systems. Mj. Spring, 2:30, DR. CLARK.

16. Kālidāsa's "Çakuntalā," with an introduction to scenic Prakrit.-Mj. Winter, 2:30, DR. CLARK.

17. Bāna's "Kādambari.”—Mj. Summer, 9:00, Dr. Clark.

18. Pali.-For beginners. Andersen's Pali Reader will be used. Prerequisite: Sanskrit. Mj. Spring, 9:15, DR. CLARK.

19. Avestan (and Old Persian).-Introduction to Iranian Philology. Jackson's Avesta Grammar and Avesta Reader will be used. After completing the selections in the Reader, either additional texts from the Avesta (Geldner's edition) or the Old Persian inscriptions will be taken up. Prerequisite: Sanskrit. MJ. PROFESSOR BUCK. [Not given in 1914-15.]

20. Lithuanian and Old Bulgarian.-Introduction to Balto-Slavic Philology. Wiedemann's Handbuch der litauischen Sprache and Leskien's Handbuch der altbulgarischen Sprache will be used. Mj. Winter, 10:45, PROFESSOR BUCK.

25. Seminar-Problems in Indo-European Phonology and Morphology. Written papers will be expected each week. Mj. Winter, Fr., 4:30-6:30, PROFESSOR BUCK.

26. Vedic Seminar.-Interpretation of selected hymns from the Rig-Veda. Mj. DR. CLARK. [Not given in 1914-15.]

Attention is called to the following courses:

IN THE DEPARTMENT OF LATIN

96, 97, 98. Seminar: The Comparative Syntax of Latin and Greek.3Mjs. Autumn, Winter, and Spring, Th., 4:30-6:30, PROFESSOR HALE.

IN THE DEPARTMENT OF GERMANIC LANGUAGES AND LITERATURES

251. Problems in Germanic Philology.-Mj. Winter, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR WOOD. 103. Gothic.-Mj. Summer and Autumn, AsSOCIATE PROFESSOR WOOD.

IN THE DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

21. Old English (Elementary).-Mj. Summer and Autumn.

LANGUAGES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS

XA, 45. Introduction to the Study of Indonesian (Malay-Polynesian) Philology. Based on a comparative study of the phonology of Tagalog, Bisaya, Bikol, Iloko, Pampanga, and Ibanag, together with certain of the more important languages of the British and Dutch Indies. Mj. Summer. Hour to be arranged. PROFESSOR CONANT.

XA, 46. Elementary Tagalog or Bisaya.-Mj. Summer. Hour to be arranged. PROFESSOR CONANT.

XI. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE GREEK LANGUAGE AND

LITERATURE

OFFICERS OF INSTRUCTION

PAUL SHOREY, PH.D., LL.D., LITT.D., Professor and Head of the Department

of the Greek Language and Literature.

FRANK BIGELOW TARBELL, PH.D., Professor of Classical Archaeology.

ROBERT JOHNSON BONNER, PH.D., Professor of Greek.

HENRY WASHINGTON PRESCOTT, PH.D., Professor of Classical Philology.

CLARENCE FASSETT CASTLE, PH.D., Associate Professor of Greek.

Assistant in Greek.

ROY BATCHELDER NELSON, A.B., Assistant in Greek.

GEORGE MILLER CALHOUN, PH.D., Instructor in Greek, University of Texas (Summer, 1914).

FELLOWS, 1914-15

JOHN FREDERICK HALLWACHS, A.M.

FRED SMITH, A.B.

ELIZA GREGORY WILKINS, A.M.

INTRODUCTORY

Ability to read Greek with accuracy and ease and intelligent enjoyment of the masterpieces of Greek literature are the indispensable prerequisites of all higher Greek scholarship. All other interests that may attach to the study are subordinate to these, and their pursuit is positively harmful if it prematurely distracts the student's attention from his main purpose.

In the work of the Junior Colleges the Department will keep this principle steadily in view, and will endeavor to teach a practical knowledge of Greek vocabulary and idiom, and to impart literary and historic culture by means of rapid viva voce translation and interpretation of the simpler masterpieces of the literature. The authors especially studied will be Homer, Xenophon's Memorabilia and Hellenica, with two or three of the minor Platonic dialogues, a few of the easier Greek orations, selections from Herodotus and Thucydides, and several Greek plays. In the Senior Colleges the chief stress will still be laid on reading and exegesis, but the range of authors presented to the student's choice will be enlarged to include Pindar and Bacchylides, further study of the drama, Theocritus and the Greek lyric poets, the Attic orators, Thucydides, Aristotle, and Plato. Special courses will also be given in archaeology, epigraphy, private and public antiquities, and literary history.

The ultimate aim of the graduate work is to train finished scholars, teachers, and investigators. Great pains will be taken, however, to avoid the too common error of hurrying into investigation students who lack the indispensable preliminary knowledge of the Greek language and literature. The Department will make a distinct effort to provide for the needs of students of this type. The opportunities of the Senior Colleges will be open to them, and suitable graduate courses are provided for them; they will also be admitted to the seminar as listeners and, to the extent of their ability, as active participants, on condition that they at the same time pursue special auxiliary courses of reading organized for them in connection with the seminar.

Candidates for the Doctor's degree in Greek (and where Greek is the major subject Latin must be offered as the minor) will be expected to show, in addition to an intimate knowledge of the principles of the two languages and facility in using them, a familiarity with Greek and Roman history, the history of Greek and Latin literature, and a special knowledge of a chosen author or authors in each language. When Greek is taken as the major subject, special stress will be laid on range and accuracy of reading, and on the quality of the dissertation.

COURSES OF INSTRUCTION

I. 'JUNIOR COLLEGE COURSES

Four elementary courses are offered for two classes of students: (a) those who enter college without receiving full credit for the preparatory work in Greek, and (b) those who desire to begin Greek in the college and proceed to the A.B. degree. The latter class of students will ordinarily satisfy the requirements in Greek for the A.B. degree by courses 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, but course 4 may be omitted by those who read at least 12 books of the Odyssey in connection with course 6. In this way the full requirements may be satisfied by six courses.

1. Elementary Greek.-This course is adapted to two classes of students: (a) those who have never studied Greek, (b) those who desire to review rapidly the elements of Greek. Mj. Summer, 8:00, MR. NELSON; Autumn, 10:45, PROFESSOR BONNER AND MR. NELSON.

2. Xenophon: "Anabasis."-Those only will be admitted to this course who have completed course 1, or the equivalent of one year's work in Elementary Greek in the preparatory school. Mj. Summer, 11:30, MR. NELSON; Winter, 10:45, PROFESSOR BONNER AND MR. NELSON.

1 and 2 will be given in two sections if the registration does not fall below twentyeight.

3. Xenophon: "Anabasis" (continued).-The later books of the Anabasis or selections from other historical works of Xenophon will be read. Mj. Spring, 10:45, MR. NELSON.

4. Homer: "Iliad" (Elementary Course).-For students who enter with only two units of Greek. This course will not be counted as one of the three required majors. Mj. Summer, 9:00, DR. CALHOUN; Winter, 10:45,

This course or the examination in this course is required of all students in the College of Arts who did not receive full credit for Homer on admission.

6. Plato: "Apology" and "Crito"; Xenophon: "Memorabilia"; Exercises in the Writing of Greek.-This course must be taken first by all students who enter with the full three units of Greek. Mj. Summer, 10:30; Autumn, 10:45; Winter, 11:45; Spring, 11:45,

Required of all students in the College of Arts.

6. Homer: "Odyssey."-Nine to twelve books. Prerequisite: course 5. Mj. Summer, 9:00; MR. LOFBERG; Autumn, 11:45; Winter, 11:45, Mr. NelSON; Spring,10:45, PROFESSOR BONNER.

Required of all students in the College of Arts.

7. Introduction to Greek Tragedy. The tragedies generally selected for study are the Alcestis of Euripides and the Antigone of Sophocles. Prerequisite: courses 5 and 6. Mj. Summer, 8:00, DR. CALHOUN; Autumn, 9:15; Winter, 9:15; Spring, 9:15, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR CASTLE.

Required of all students in the College of Arts.

II. SENIOR COLLEGE AND GRADUATE COURSES

NOTE. For sequences in Greek see the Sequence Book.

16. Xenophon: "Hellenica."-Selections dealing with the principal events and movements in the period covered by the work will be read in class. Particular attention will be directed to the history of Thebes. Mj. PROFESSOR BONNER. [Not given in 1914–15.]

16. Greek Composition.-The exercises consist of easy narrative passages and are intended mainly to give some training in syntax, word-order, and the use of particles. Mj. PROFESSOR BONNER. [Not given in 1914-15.]

17. Lysias. Selected speeches of inherent historical value, together with others which exhibit the author's genius and versatility, will be read. M. Summer, Second Term, 10:30, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR CASTLE.

18. Thucydides and Aristophanes. Selections from the earlier books of Thucydides, and from the comedies of Aristophanes that are most important as historical sources will be read and discussed in class. Oxford texts will be used. Mj. Winter, 9:15, PROFESSOR BONNER.

19. Research Course in Greek History.-The history of a special period will be studied from the sources, attention being directed chiefly to the course of Athenian politics. Considerable portions of the principal sources will be read and discussed in class. Special topics for papers and reports will be assigned from time to time. Mj. Autumn, 9:15, PROFESSOR Bonner.

20. Aristotle: "Constitution of Athens."-The whole work will be read and discussed in class. Reports on assigned topics involving collateral readings in the other sources will be expected of members of the class. M. Summer, First Term, 10:30, PROFESSOR BONNER.

21. Attic Orators. Selected speeches of Hypereides, Aeschines, Deinarchus, and Lycurgus will be read and interpreted in class. Mj. PROFESSOR BONNER. [Not given in 1914-15.]

22. Isaeus and the Private Orations of Demosthenes.-A number of orations will be read and interpreted in class. The selections will be made with a view to illustrating the administration of justice, and the social and business life of the period. Topics for papers and reports will be assigned from time to time. Mj. PROFESSOR BONNER. [Not given in 1914-15.)

23. Demosthenes.-Selections from the public orations. Mj. Spring, 9:15, PROFESSOR BONNER.

24. Hellenistic Epigram. The interrelation of Elegy, Epitaph, and Epigram; intensive study of the Hellenistic Epigram; rapid survey of the later Epigram, with selected readings and general account of the development of the type. Mj. PROFESSOR PRESCOTT. [Not given in 1914-15.]

25. The Hellenistic Epic.-The Argonautica of Apollonius of Rhodes; intensive study of selected portions; rapid reading of entire poem. Mj. PROFESSOR PRESCOTT. [Not given in 1914-15.]

26. Greek Comedy.-The Frogs and Birds of Aristophanes, and rapid reading of one other play, with an account of the form and content of the Old Comedy. Mj. PROFESSOR PRESCOTT. [Not given in 1914–15.]

27. Pindar and Bacchylides.-Mj. Winter, 3:30, PROFESSOR SHOREY.

28. Aeschylus.-Mj. Spring, 3:30, PROFESSOR SHOREY.

29. Plato: "The Republic."-Mj. PROFESSOR SHOREY. [Not given in 1914-15.]

30. Lyric Poets and Theocritus.-The early elegiac and melic poets and Theocritus will be read and interpreted. Mj. ASSOCIATE Professor Castle. [Not given in 1914-15.]

31. Hellenistic Poetry.-Interpretation of selections from Apollonius, Theocritus, Callimachus, Menander, and other representative poets, with lectures on the significant qualities of Hellenistic poetry and its relation to Latin poetry. Mj. PROFESSOR PRESCOTT. [Not given in 1914–15.]

32. Hesiod, and Homeric Hymns.-Reading and interpretation as related to Mycenaean civilization, to Homeric poems, life, and thought, and to other early literature and pastoral life. Mj. Spring, 8:15, AsSSOCIATE PROFESSOR CASTLE.

32A. Hesiod. Reading and interpretation as related to other early literature and pastoral life. M. Summer, Second Term, 9:00, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR CASTLE.

33. Sophocles.-Mj. PROFESSOR SHOREY. [Not given in 1914–15.]

34. Euripides. Translation of selected plays. By readings and informal lectures a comprehensive view of all the poet's extant plays will be presented. Open to Senior College and graduate students. Mj. Winter, 8:15, AsSOCIATE PROFESSOR CASTLE.