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130. Pre-Raphaelitism in English Literature.-For Senior College and graduate students. Mj. Spring, 10:45.

140. The Technique of the Drama.-A detailed and careful study of the technique of selected plays. Open to Senior College and graduate students who have passed in course 85. [Not given in 1914–15.]

141. The Technique of Criticism.-An account of English criticism of the present day, with reference to foreign influence. Mj. Autumn, 3:30, PROFESSOR HERRICK.

150. The Bibliography and Methods of English Literary History.-For graduate students only. Mj. Autumn, W., F., 3:30-5:30, PROFESSOR MANLY.

160A. Early American Literature.-A study of the literature from 1607 up to and including Irving and Cooper, with special reference to the relationship of American products to English models and the development of an American point of view. M. First Term, Summer, 10:30, MR. SHERBURN. Mj. Autumn, 8:15, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR BOYNTON.

160B. American Literature in the Nineteenth Century.-A study of the New England, metropolitan, and southern poets and essayists, and the development of the novel and the short story since the Civil War. M. Second Term, Summer, 10:30, MR. SHERBURN. MJ. Winter, 8:15, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR BOYNTON.

161A. Studies in American Literature: Colonial Period.-Mj. Spring, 8:15, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR BOYNTON.

170. Early Irish.-Grammar. Interpretation of Old and Middle Irish texts. 2Mjs. Winter and Spring, 2:30, AssoCIATE PROFESSOR CROSS.

175. Introduction to Celtic Literature.-Lectures on the life and literature of the early Celtic inhabitants of Britain and Ireland. Reports. Mj. Summer, 2:30; Autumn, 1:30, AssOCIATE PROFESSOR CROSS.

180. Seminar.-For candidates for the Ph.D. degree. Mj. Winter and Spring, hours to be arranged, PROFESSOR MANLY.

XVI. THE DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL LITERATURE

OFFICERS OF INSTRUCTION

A. INSTRUCTORS ATTACHED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL LITERATURE

RICHARD GREEN MOULTON, PH.D., Professor of Literary Theory and Interpretation and Head of the Department of General Literature.

GEORGE CARTER HOWLAND, A.M., Associate Professor of the History of Literature.

B. INSTRUCTORS IN OTHER DEPARTMENTS OFFERING COURSES
IN THIS DEPARTMENT

JAMES HAYDEN TUFTS, PH.D., LL.D., of the Department of Philosophy.
JAMES HENRY BREASTED, PH.D., of the Department of Semitic Languages and
Literatures.

HERBERT LOCKWOOD WILLETT, PH.D., of the Department of Semitic Languages and Literatures.

PAUL SHOREY, PH.D., LL.D., LITT.D., of the Department of the Greek Language and Literature.

ERNEST DEWITT BURTON, D.D., of the Department of Biblical and Patristic Greek.

EDGAR JOHNSON Goodspeed, PH.D., of the Department of Biblical and Patristic Greek.

SHIRLEY JACKSON CASE, PH.D., of the Department of Biblical and Patristic Greek.

WALTER EUGENE CLARK, PH.D., of the Department of Sanskrit and IndoEuropean Comparative Philology.

FRANK JUSTUS MILLER, PH.D., LL.D., of the Department of the Latin Language and Literature.

HENRY WASHINGTON PRESCOTT, PH.D., of the Department of the Latin Language and Literature.

WILLIAM ALBERT NITZE, PH.D., of the Department of Romance Languages and Literatures.

HENRI CHARLES EDOUARD DAVID, A.M., of the Department of Romance Languages and Literatures.

STARR WILLARD CUTTING, PH.D., of the Department of Germanic Languages and Literatures.

PHILIP SCHUYLER Allen, PH.D., of the Department of Germanic Languages and Literatures.

MARTIN SCHÜTZE, PH.D., of the Department of Germanic Languages and Litera

tures.

WILLIAM DARNALL MACCLINTOCK, A.M., of the Department of English.
ROBERT MORSS LOVETT, A.B., of the Department of English.
ALBERT HARRIS TOLMAN, PH.D., of the Department of English.

ROBERT HERRICK, A.B., of the Department of English.

PERCY HOLMES BOYNTON, A.M., of the Department of English.

INTRODUCTORY

The Heads and acting Heads of Departments VIII-XVI compose the Committee of Management for Department XVI.

The Department of General Literature, formerly known as the Department of Literature (in English), has for its theoretic basis the unity of all literature. The purpose of the Department is, by its own courses and by co-operation with Departments VIII-XV, to afford facilities for the study of literature not limited by the divisions between particular languages and peoples.

The courses of the Department are open to students of the Senior Colleges and of the Graduate School of Arts and Literature. They are designed for two different classes of students: (1) those whose main work is remote from Literature, but who may desire some literary culture as an element of liberal education; (2) those who, whether in their Senior College or their graduate work, desire to specialize in literature. [Particular courses in Biblical Literature, where it is so specified, but no others, are open to students of the Junior Colleges who have completed twelve majors.]

The work of the Department falls into three sections: I. General Literature (irrespective of divisions between particular languages), treated as a part of general culture rather than specialized study. In this section no knowledge will be assumed of any language other than English. II. The Theory of Literature, including Literary Interpretation and Literary Criticism. For purposes of practical education it is believed to be impossible without the use of literature in

translation to obtain a sufficiently wide induction from literary phenomena to make studies like these scientific. In this section knowledge of the original languages of the literatures concerned may or may not be assumed. III. Comparative Literature, as the term is generally understood. The work of this section will assume knowledge of the original languages of the principal literatures concerned.

SENIOR COLLEGE COURSES

For Senior College courses no knowledge is assumed of any language other than English. They are designed for students who may desire, at this stage of their education, to gain an intelligent appreciation of the great landmarks of world literature, acquaintance with which is an essential of liberal education alike for those whose main interests are, and those whose main interests are not, literary.

While any course may be taken by itself, yet students are strongly recommended to select courses on some intelligent plan of grouping. Suggested groupings are given below. The courses in a group may be taken in any order, but it is desirable that No. 1 should come as early as may be practicable.

A. Group of Six Courses: presenting the field of General Literature as far as seems practicable within the two years of Senior College work: Nos. 1, 2, 3B, 5, 6, 40. (Modifications: One out of Nos. 10-15 may, if it is so desired, be substituted for any course except No. 1.)

B. Group of Six Courses: dealing chiefly with modern literature, and suggested particularly for students whose main work is in Greek or Latin or Hebrew: Nos. 1 and 40, two out of Nos. 10-15, two out of Nos. 20-39.

C. Group of Six Courses: suggested as supplement to work done in the Department of English: Nos. 1, 2, 40, 41, one out of Nos. 10-15, one out of Nos. 20-29.

AA. Group of Nine Courses: presenting more fully the study of literature as part of general culture: Nos. 1, 2, 3B, 5, 6, 40, 41; one out of Nos. 10-15; one out of Nos. 20-39.

REQUIREMENTS FOR HIGHER DEGREES

1. Graduate students offering work in this Department as the single secondary subject for the degree of Ph.D., or as the principal subject for the degree of Ph.D., will be required to take courses in Biblical Literature and in GreekRoman Literature, unless the Department is satisfied that adequate work in these studies has been done by the candidate previously.

2. So far as this Department is responsible for a course of work leading to a Master's degree, it is expected that such work should include (1) Theory of Literature, (2) both Biblical and Greek-Roman Literatures. This second requirement may be waived in the case of candidates whose previous record shows satisfactory acquaintance with those literatures.

3. Graduate students offering work in this Department as the single secondary subject for the degree of Ph.D. must take (a) at least two majors in Section III, (b) not less than three and not more than four majors in Section II of which course 40 (or its equivalent) must be one.

4. Graduate students offering work in this Department as the principal subject for the degree of Ph.D. must take at least one-half of their work in Section III, this work involving knowledge of the languages of the principal literatures concerned. They will also be required to take course 40 (or its equivalent),

and two more majors in Section II. [It is not found practicable at present to offer sufficient courses in Section III to render work in this Department available as principal subject for the degree of Ph.D.]

Department XVI being in its nature supplementary to the other language and literature departments (VIII-XV) it will often happen that particular courses in those departments can be substituted for, or used to supplement, courses in General Literature. This is especially the case in regard to Section III.

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NOTE.-These are (unless otherwise stated) Senior College courses; but usually students may, with the approval of the instructor, obtain graduate credit by doing additional work.

1. World Literature for English Readers.-This course surveys the whole field of literature as far as this has entered into the culture of the English-speaking peoples. It is designed to lay a foundation for intelligent reading in the future, partly by the presentation of illustrative masterpieces, and partly by seeking a rational scheme for selection of the "best books." Mj. Autumn, 10:45, PROFESSOR MOULTON.

2. Literary Study of the (English) Bible.-Avoiding questions of theology and historic criticism this course will elucidate the conception of the Bible as one of the leading literatures of the world. Open to the Junior Colleges. Mj. Winter, 9:15, PROFESSOR MOULTON.

3B. Ancient Epic and Tragedy for English Readers.-A rapid reading-course in Ancient Classical Epic and Tragedy, centering chiefly around the topic of the Trojan War. Mj. Winter (1916), 9:15, PROFESSOR MOULTON.

5. Dante in English.-Readings in Dante's works, especially The Divine Comedy. Mj. Spring, 8: 15, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR HOWLAND.

6. The Story of Faust.-Goethe's Faust (in English), in comparison with the treatment of the same story in English and Spanish literature, and in music. Mj. Summer, 8:00, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR HOWLAND.

10. Dramatists of the Present Day.-A study of the most significant authors and movements at the present day in continental Europe. Mj. Summer, 9:00, and Spring, 9:15, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR HOWLAND.

11. The Short Story in Contemporary European Literature.-Mj. AssoCIATE PROFESSOR HOWLAND. [Not given in 1914-15.]

14. The Contemporary European Novel. The principal living novelists of Continental Europe will be studied with reference to their place in world literature. Mj. AssOCIATE PROFESSOR HOWLAND. [Not given in 1914-15.]

18. Seneca: "Tragedies."-Three or four of the tragedies will be studied in detail, with especial reference to Seneca's style and dramatic art. The remaining tragedies will be read rapidly in translations, with a study of their philosophical content, and a comparison with the corresponding Greek dramas on the same themes. Mj. Winter, 9:15, PROFESSOR MILLER.

19. Ovid: "Metamorphoses."-The reading will be accompanied by a study of the use of classical mythology by representative English poets. Mj. Summer, 2:30, PROFESSOR MILLER.

20. The Greater French Essayists and Their Bearing upon the Essay in English Literature.-Mj. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR HOWLAND. [Not given in 1914-15.]

23. Cervantes and His Contemporaries.-Studies in the classic Spanish novelists with consideration of their influence upon the development of the story of adventure and the rogue novel in English. Mj. Winter, 8:15, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR HOWLAND.

24. History of Sanskrit Literature.-The aim of this course is to give a brief survey of the literature of India a literature of no small intrinsic value, and one which offers much that is of interest to the occidental student. An effort will be made to gain some intelligent appreciation of the social and intellectual conditions under which this literature was produced, and to form some conception of its place in the literature and thought of the world. No knowledge of Sanskrit or Pali is necessary, but a large amount of reading in translations will be required. Mj. Winter, 9:15, DR. CLARK.

25. Ballad and Epic Poetry.-The English_ballads will be studied in the complete collections of Child and Kittredge. Beowulf and the Iliad will be read in translation; other famous epics will be treated in lectures. Mj. PROFESSOR TOLMAN. [Not given in 1914-15.]

LETT.

26. The Psalter.-[See VIII, 63.] Mj. Spring, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR WIL

28. Beginnings of Old Testament Literature and History.-[See VIII, 80.] Mj. Autumn, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR WILLETT.

29. The Literature of the Early Orient.-[See VIII, 121.] Mj. Spring, PROFESSOR BREASTED.

30. Primitive Christian Life and Literature.-[See IX, 21.] Mj. Summer and Winter, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR GOODSPEED.

31. The Gospel of Matthew in English.-[See IX, 51.] Mj. Autumn, PROFESSOR BURTON.

32. The Gospel of John in English.-[See IX, 57.] Mj. Winter, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ČASE.

33. The Epistles to the Corinthians in English.-[See IX, 59.] Mj. Spring, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR GOODSPEED.

34. The Mediaeval Drama.-[See XV, 83.] Mj. Summer, 2:30, PROFESSOR YOUNG.

35, 36. History of the Novel.-From the Renaissance to the present day. [See XV, 87A, B.]ˇˇ2Mjs. Autumn and Winter, 10:45, PROFESSOR LOVETT. 37. Homer.-Rapid reading and literary study of the Iliad. Mj. Autumn, 3:30, PROFESSOR SHOREY.

38. The History of Greek Comedy.-Detailed study of the Knights of Aristophanes; rapid reading of representative fragments of the Middle and the New Comedy; lectures on the development of comedy in Greece. Mj. (or M. both Terms), Summer, 11:30, PROFESSOR PRESCOTT.

39. American Literature.-A general survey. [See XV, 160.] 8:15, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR BOYNTON.

II. COURSES IN THEORY OF LITERATURE

NOTE.-These are graduate courses, but open to the Senior Colleges.

Mj. Winter,

40. Foundation Principles of the Study of Literature.-The course is designed to bring out how traditional ideas of literary study are modified by (1) the recognition of the unity of all literature; (2) the application to literature of modern conceptions of evolution and inductive science. It is specially recommended for those who expect to teach, whether English or any other particular literature; also for Senior College students who will not have the opportunity of taking it as part of their graduate work. Mj. Autumn, 9:15, PROFESSOR MOULTON.

41. Literary Criticism and Theory of Interpretation. After taking as basis of its treatment a distinction between four leading types of criticism, the course will fall into two parts: (1) A full exposition of the criticism of interpretation, illustrated in application to well-known masterpieces of literature; (2) an attempt to formulate the leading problems of speculative criticism. Mj. Winter, 11:45, PROFESSOR MOULTON.

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