V. THE COLLEGE OF COMMERCE AND

ADMINISTRATION

GENERAL STATEMENT

The College of Commerce and Administration was organized in 1898 in response to the growing demand for courses within the University which should aid in fitting men for careers in the practical professions of the various branches of business, charitable and philanthropic service, and public service. A reorganization of the College occurred in 1902. Since that date it has ranked as a separate professional school. In its present form the College has under one organization the functions which in some institutions are performed by schools or colleges of commerce, the functions which in other institutions are performed by schools for social workers, and the functions which in still other institutions are given over to bureaus of municipal research. The work of the College is grouped as follows:

I. The Trade and Industry Division, where the courses are arranged with reference to the needs of those who expect to engage in the various business pursuits such as accountancy, banking, brokerage, foreign trade, insurance, etc. For purposes of convenience in administration, secretarial work and commercial teaching are classified in this division of the College.

II. The Charitable and Philanthropic Service Division, for those expecting to serve in charitable organizations, playground work, settlement work, childwelfare agencies, civic organizations, social research, etc.

III. The Public Service Division, for those expecting to serve as staff members in bureaus of labor, in tax commissions, in public utility commissions; as statisticians; as workers in efficiency bureaus; as factory inspectors; as investigators for special inquiries under federal, state, municipal, or private authority, etc.

The field of the College covers both undergraduate and graduate work. The entrance requirements and the amount of work required for the Bachelor's degree (four years) are the same as in the other undergraduate colleges of the University. In accordance with the general organization of the University, the first two years of college work constitute the Junior College work, on the completion of which a certificate and the title of Associate are given and the student enters the Senior College. Upon the satisfactory completion of the undergraduate work the degree of Ph.B. is conferred. Students may then undertake graduate work leading to the degrees A.M. and Ph.D.

The broad outline of the work of the College is as follows: The first aim is to secure for the student a broad cultural foundation in the main divisions of human knowledge. Above this foundation is placed a broad survey of the social sciences. In these social science survey courses the future business man, the future social worker, the future civil servant, and the future teacher and investigator in the

various social science departments will be led to appreciate the relationships of their future specialized tasks to the operations of the rest of organized society. Even after the social science survey has been completed narrow specialization may not occur. The students divide into three groups: the business group, the civic group, and the charitable and philanthropic service group. In each of these groups certain basic semi-cultural, semi-professional courses are required of all. In this work, the academic spirit (using this expression in the objectionable sense) is guarded against by introducing a considerable amount of contact with actual conditions, and at least one vacation period is to be spent in actual service. The final stage is the distinctly professional work, partly of undergraduate, partly of graduate grade, in which the student cultivates intensively his own special field. The student who has traversed these stages should go out with some idea of social needs, with some zeal for serving those needs, with some appreciation of the rights, the privileges, and the obligations of the other members of society, and with training which should enable him to do his work efficiently.

It will be apparent from the above statements that the first two years of this College are devoted to laying broad foundations and to strengthening any weak points in previous training. The last two (or more) years are pointed toward the professional work. The courses actually assigned to an individual student will vary with the needs and past training of that student. Each student's curriculum is an individual matter. The minimum undergraduate requirements are, however, adhered to. (See pp. 108, 109 for a statement of these requirements.)

The student in this College is expected to approach his work in a professional spirit. Admission to the College may be secured only after a conference with the Dean, in which it must appear that the applicant has a serious professional purpose and that the College has resources with which it can adequately meet the student's needs. Continuance in the College depends upon (a) meeting the general University requirements of scholarship and conduct, and (b) maintaining a professional attitude toward the work.

DIVISIONS OF THE COLLEGE

The general plan of the work may be seen by a survey of some of the curricula designed to prepare for certain particular vocations. It will be appreciated that these groupings of courses show merely the general plan. In actual administration they are varied to meet the needs of individual students.

I. The Trade and Industry Division.-The courses in this division are arranged with reference to the needs of those who expect to engage in the various business pursuits, such as foreign trade, banking and brokerage, accountancy, insurance, transportation, etc. The plan can be most clearly presented by outlining a "general business course" and then indicating the variations which would be made in preparing for specific vocations.

Students expecting to enter this division are advised to take in the secondaryschool training, English, French or German or Spanish, Mathematics, History, Physics, Chemistry, Physiography, Mechanical Drawing, Shorthand and Typewriting.

This "general business course" is varied to meet the needs of those preparing for specific vocations, not by making essential changes in the courses required, but by grouping the electives according to individual needs.

Students preparing for the banking business would ordinarily take the required courses mentioned above and would take their electives from the following subjects: Public Finance, Banking Accountancy, Banking Practice, Foreign Exchange, Advanced Course in Money, Advanced Course in Banking, Bills and Notes, Corporation Finance, Investments, Mathematics of Investment, and Insurance.

Students preparing for foreign trade would take their electives from the following subjects: Geography and Resources of South America, Geography and Resources of Europe, Geography of Commerce, International Law, Foreign Exchange, Trade with South America, The Railway and the Shipper, and Insur

ance.

Corresponding appropriate groupings are arranged for work in Insurance, Commercial Secretaryships, Statistics, Accountancy, etc.

IA. The Secretarial Division.-The courses in this division are arranged with reference to the needs of those who wish to train themselves for secretarial positions. There are of course several types of secretarial work, including, among others, positions with business houses, with professional men, with educational institutions, with civic societies, and with charitable organizations. A person well prepared for secretarial work has by that fact the basic preparation needed by the teacher of commercial subjects in secondary schools.

The curriculum in this division has been drawn in such a way as to keep open as many opportunities for choice of vocation as possible. Specifically, this means that provision is made for (a) a well-rounded general education, (b) a central core of prescribed subjects which provides the basic training necessary for the various types of secretarial work and for the teaching of commercial subjects, and (c) elective courses which enable the student to prepare more carefully for one or more particular types of work.

Students in this division are required to meet the efficiency test in at least two modern languages and also in shorthand and typewriting. They should have some preparation also in Mechanical Drawing, Physics, Chemistry, Physiology, and Biology. No college credit is given for shorthand and typewriting. These subjects may, however, be presented as admission credits.

Students expecting to enter this division are advised to take in the secondaryschool training, English, Latin, French or German, Mathematics, History, Physics, Chemistry, Mechanical Drawing, Shorthand, and Typewriting.

The electives for the third year, fourth year, and graduate work in the secretarial division are as follows:

IB. The Commercial Teaching Division.-The courses in this division are arranged with reference to the needs of those who wish to teach commercial subjects in secondary schools. The work will also serve as a basis for graduate study by those who wish to teach such subjects in colleges. A knowledge of shorthand and typewriting, while not absolutely required, is very strongly advised. The field work required in this division will be two majors of practice teaching done under the direction of the Dean of the College of Education.

Students expecting to enter this division are advised to take in the secondaryschool training, English, Modern Language, Mathematics, History, Physics, Chemistry, Mechanical Drawing, Shorthand, Typewriting, Physiography, and Commercial Geography.