politics? Questions of state and nation, present and future, would be entirely ignored, and the vote of this woman, if she voted at all, would go for the overthrowing of the iron heel which grinds, not only the souls of the good, but the very flesh and blood of the so-called "bad woman."

That she deserves the adjective we do not agree. Honor where honor is due and reproof where reproof is merited. If the light dazzles the moth and singes its wings I shall not censure the moth. Between two powers there is always a weaker, and

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the menace, the danger, lies not in the weak. There is nothing to fear from the moth save that it will add fuel to the blaze and that in its sacrifice it will make stronger the devouring monster.

We have not found our "bad woman" by the aid of a lantern, but perhaps in the broad glare of the sun, under the blaze of a dazzling electrolier, or beneath the purple glow of a stained glass window she may be found. It is for the anti-suffragist to find her and mark her properly for future identification.

ELEANOR DUNCAN WOOD.

sent in, which was promptly refused.

Two days of delay passed in parleying. Graham, out of patience at time lost, assumed responsibility and sent in a flag with notice that two hours only would be allowed for surrender as prisoners. The time expired-no reply. Then the cannon was leveled and sent a solid shot crashing through the tile roof of the barracks. This was conclusive. The Government at Mexico could not expect the defenders to hold out against Los Rifleros Americanos. Governor Gutierrez and his officers surrendered at discretion. Alvarado marched in and took possession. So far, the revolution was a success. The Governor and his men were graciously permitted to take ship for old Mexico. A council was called, a proclamation, called by courtesy a Constitution, was made. It provided, first, complete independence from Mexico and established The Free and Sovereign State of California. Alvarado elected, assumed the title of Civil Governor.

It does not appear that the Constitution was submitted to the people for acceptance. Probably it was not considered necessary, for Alvarado carried all amendments, recall and referendum under his hat.

Then a flag was desired, different from the Mexican Eagle and Serpent, and one was made and waved in defiance to all opposing the new state. Farnum and Robinson, both of whom saw it, describe it as a "White flag with one Red Star."

Farnum described his first visit in company with Consul Larkin at the official residence: "We entered the presence of Governor Juan Bautista Alvarado, a well formed, full blooded California Spaniard, five feet eleven inches in height, coal black, curly hair, deep set black eyes, fierce eyebrows, fine white teeth, clad in broadcloth and whiskers of a gentleman. He arose as we entered, waved us to chairs, when he would rather have seen us tumbling from the balcony, smiled graciously with one corner of his mouth, showed his teeth, and in

wardly cursed us with the other corner. Seated himself, laid his arms and hands on the upper shelf of his abdomen and his first inquiry was 'had the ship anchored?' El Gobernader had sundry reasons for this inquiry. If she had come to anchor there must be a chance for robbery in the tonnage dues, and if laden with goods subject to duties, she would be quite a mine, which he already dreamed himself plundering with golden success.

"As soon as we could turn his attention from these hopes of gain, Mr. Larkin informed him of my wishes, and suggested the humanity of transferring me from idleness on shipboard to the enjoyment of Castilian industry ashore, to-wit, lounging, grinning, sleeping and smoking rolls of papers tinctured with the weed. La Excellentissimo found it difficult to comprehend the necessity of the request. But being informed there were no goods on board the bark, and neither bribes nor tribute would be paid, he frankly confessed he saw no necessity, indicated by his interests, why I should ever have existed, and still less, any of my pleasures dependent upon him. But graciously consented to our making application to the Alcalde, who, after some inquiries, did grant permission for my temporary residence ashore."

Matters political remained quiet for a time. The news of this uprising of a new state travelled slowly. Upper California accepted the new Governor, while the lower half remained loyal to the Mother Country. In 1838, a courier arrived, and announced "the Central Government at Mexico had bared its arm, brought it down and at a single blow had put together a gentleman Don Carlos Antonio Carrillo and made him Gobernador del Alta California."

In the exercise of his powers Carrillo demanded Alvarado to surrender, "lay down and forever after to eschew the sceptre of Governor, etc." To this Alvarado replied, "On seeing the commission of my successor and obtain

ing from him a guarantee to my person and property I will resign the reins of government, otherwise never."

Six days elapsed. Meanwhile Don Carrillo was not idle. An army was gathered to do battle for La Republic Mexicana. Alvarado hearing of this intention appointed Jose Castro to call troops to arms and march for the seat of war. Don Carillo determined to take military possession of Santa Bar

bara. On the 20th of March, 1838, he encamped on a hill two miles from town, and humanely sent in a flag announcing the town of Santa Barbara must be surrendered, or his veteran army would take possession, if in so doing they "trod at every step upon the pulseless hearts of dying inhabitants." The commandant of the place was not so much as frightened, and sent back his reply: "Senor Carlos