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a bridge across the Buckeye Canal. The canal at this point is 15 feet wide on the bottom, 25 feet wide on top, and has a water depth of 3 feet. On May 29, 1914, this canal was flowing, by actual measurement, 109 second-feet. This measurement was taken during the low-water season and represents, at least during that year, the minimum flow. The maximum capacity of the canal is 200 secondfeet.

Arlington Canal.-The next canal diversion' down the river from the Buckeye is the Arlington. This canal lies on the north side of the Gila River; that is, on the same side as the Buckeye, but about 13 miles farther down. The Buckeye and the Arlington districts are situated in the same general valley, which is practically a westward extension of the larger Salt River Valley. The Hassayampa River, which joins the Gila about 7 miles below the Arlington diversion, is generally considered to be the dividing line between these two districts, although the Buckeye is siphoned across the Hassayampa River, and irrigates a small acreage on its western bank.

The Arlington Canal is owned by the Arlington Canal Co., a cooperative organization composed of farmers who own the land under the canal. This canal was built in 1889-90, the notice of water appropriation having been filed in July, 1907. This canal, at the time of the survey, was irrigating about 4,800 acres, and is intended to irrigate several hundred acres more lying under the canal. A permanent low-water concrete diversion dam was constructed in 1913-14, and considerable work was done on this project. The irrigated land is practically all planted to alfalfa, and cattle feeding is an important industry.

The main canal is about 15 miles long, and at a point above the uppermost of its laterals had, at the time of this survey, a bottom width of 10 feet, top width 17 feet, and water depth 3 feet. By actual meter measurement, made on June 1, 1914, a flow of 53 secondfeet was recorded. This quantity, according to several farmers in the district, represented practically the minimum flow during the year. The canal when full would have a maximum capacity of about 75 second-feet. The siphon built to carry this canal under the Hassayampa River is 300 feet long, having a rectangular section of 4 by 6 inches in the clear.

Joshlin ditch.-This ditch is on the opposite or south side of the river from the Buckeye district and has its heading at a distance of one-half mile below the point of diversion of the Arlington Canal. The ditch is owned by Mr. Joshlin and was constructed in 1911. At the time of this survey the land cultivated under this ditch approximated 225 acres. This ditch is of small section; bottom width 2 or 3 feet, top width 5 feet, water depth 1 foot. By actual meter measurement made on June 1, 1914, a flow of only 1.4 secondfeet was recorded. Owing to the nearness of this diversion to the intake of the Arlington Canal, very little water is available during

About 3 miles below the Buckeye Canal, but above the Arlington, is found a small pumping plant known as the Corbett. This plant pumps directly from the river, and at the time of this survey was irrigating about 120 acres, the water being conducted through a small ditch. The plant consists of a gas engine and a 14-inch centrifugal pump, which has been in operation for about five years.

The Indians apparently abandoned their farms because of the destruction of their ditches and erosion of their lands by the floods. There is evidence along the stream of very early irrigation, which apparently had to be abandoned because of the great damage done to the land by floods. These farms belonged probably to Apaches. Prior to the arrival of the first white settlers in this region in the eighties a few Mexicans had taken up small farms along the stream. The holdings of the whites and primarily cattle ranches, and crops are raised mainly for domestic consumption, since practically all irrigated areas along this creek are inaccessible by means of wagons, and can be reached only by pack outfits.

Double Circle district.-The Double Circle district, beginning at the Honeymoon Ranger Station and extending downstream about 18 miles, is settled and farmed by cattlemen.

In this district 16 ditches are serving the irrigated land, as follows:

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Canyon district. In the Canyon district the irrigated areas are small and served by small ditches about 1 foot deep and 1 foot in width at the top. This land is farmed principally by Mexicans, and is served by eight ditches as follows:

Guadllano ditch..

Basa ditch__.

Poney ditch_

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Gomex No. 1 ditch_
Gomex No. 2 ditch.
Talamente ditch__.

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The Mormon Water Co. has a large pumping station at the lower end of the Canyon district and due west of Clifton. They formerly maintained a small dam about 12 feet in height on the creek which submerged the present Talamente Ranch. This dam was washed out in 1903, but it has been superceded by a small diversion dam of rock and brush. This pumping plant delivers 2,000,000 gallons of water every 24 hours, of which from 1,000,000 to 1,500,000 gallons is taken directly from the creek, depending upon the stage. The bal ance of the water is supplied from wells. The Clifton and Morenci mining camps obtain their water supply from this pumping plant.

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Summary of irrigation on Eagle Creek.-The irrigation on the stream is supplied by 24 ditches diverting from the creek, most of which are now serving all of the land irrigable by them. The following is a list of the ditches, areas served, and additional land that can be irrigated from present ditches:

Ditches and areas served, Eagle Creek.

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Year con-
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Probable future uses.-Owing to the inaccessible nature of the entire valley and also to the fact that the irrigable area is so confined, it is reasonable to expect that no great increase of the area under irrigation will take place in the future.

It should be emphasized that the Canyon district is from 15 to 50 miles from the railroad and the Double Circle district from 50 to 80 miles, that the ranches are reached only by pack outfits, and that stock raising and not farming is the chief occupation.

THE SAN FRANCISCO RIVER, ARIZ. AND N. MEX.

The San Francisco River is one of the largest and most important of the tributaries of the Gila. Rising in the southeastern part of Apache County, Ariz., it flows into New Mexico, thence southwesterly into Arizona to its confluence with the Gila about 9 miles below the town of Clifton and about 24 miles above the town of Solomonville.

The valleys of Alpine and Luna, on the head of the stream, are open, sloping gradually upward to the surrounding hills. At the lower extremity of Luna Valley the river enters a canyon and throughout the remainder of its course flows through a mountainous country in narrow valleys or deep canyons. The outlines of the bottom lands or valleys are very irregular.

The ditches are supplied with water from the river by direct diversion, except near Clifton, where the water is lifted from the river by means of pumps. The water is conveyed to the fields by

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main ditches and laterals; for alfalfa and grain it is controlled in the fields by use of borders, while the furrows method is used for other crops.

History of irrigation along the San Francisco. The practice of irrigation along this stream antedates the coming of Americans by a number of years. When the first American settlers arrived in this country, in the early eighties, a number of Mexican ranches had already been under cultivation for some time. A few of these ranches are still in possession of Mexicans.

Alpine district. In the Alpine district regular irrigation is not necessary, since the land is subirrigated. During the dry season irrigation is sometimes practiced, but at such times there is seldom sufficient water, although use is made of all the water available from the river. At the present time 980 acres are being cultivated in this district.

Luna district. The Luna Valley is irrigated from a reservoir ou the river, located 10 miles above Luna at the lower extremity of Alpine Valley. The impounding dam by which the reservoir was created is of earth, is 20 feet in height, and the reservoir is of suffi cient capacity, supplementing the normal flow of the stream during the summer, to irrigate about 1,000 acres. The river channel is used to conduct the stored water from the reservoir to a point about 2 miles above Luna, where the two main canal diversions take place. This reservoir project was constructed in 1892 under a 25-year franchise, which will expire in 1917. It is the intention of the company, however, to renew its franchise at the date of expiration. While the project will supply about 1,000 acres, the ditches are inadequate to serve an area larger than that now irrigated. It is also intended to enlarge these ditches.

This reservoir now serves to irrigate 300 acres of land by means of two main ditches. Besides the above area, there are 80 acres situated at various points in the valley, which are irrigated from small side drainage streams. In addition to the above area, it is estimated that 2,200 acres are susceptible of irrigation in the Luna Valley.

Prior to the construction of the reservior, several small ditches were serving the land now under the reservoir project. All of these rights have been taken over by the irrigation company.

Reserve district.-Between the Luna Valley and the Reserve district, no irrigation takes place. The Reserve district begins 7 miles below the Luna Valley and extends to the Apache National Reserve. This district is served by eight ditches, irrigating small patches on either side of the river. The Reserve Valley is narrow, and the irrigated land is cut up into small tracts.

A list of the ditches in this district and the areas which they serve to irrigate are given in the following table:

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This district was cultivated by Mexicans prior to the coming of Americans, who began to settle here in the early eighties. Some of the old Mexican ditches are still in use to-day.

Frisco or Plaza district.-Proceeding down the stream the next irrigated lands reached are situated in what is known as the Frisco or Plaza district. This includes an old Mexican settlement and embraces all the lands in the Frisco and Plaza Valley, as well as the lands along the river as far down as the Martinez Ranch, 20 miles below Frisco.

At Frisco the valley opens out and is fairly wide, but below Frisco the irrigated lands are confined to small areas on either side of the river.

There are 11 ditches serving lands as follows:

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A portion of the area tabulated above was under irrigation a number of years prior to the coming of the early white settlers in 1880. During recent years the erosive action of the floods has destroyed a large acreage of cultivated land bordering on the stream.

Alma district. The next irrigation below the Frisco is the Alma, which embraces the entire Alma Valley. A major portion of the land in this valley is owned by the well known "W. S." Ranch Co.

At the head of this district the valley is very narrow but it widens out in the vicinity of Alma. At Alma the San Francisco is joined by a tributary called Mineral Creek.

In this district are 6 ditches which serve to irrigate lands as follows:

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Some of this land has been cultivated for many years, and, as in the case of the Frisco district, lands were cultivated here prior to the coming of the whites.

Pleasanton district. The Pleasanton district includes what is commonly known as the Pleasanton Valley. This valley is the lowest open valley on the stream, is in a high state of cultivation, and pre

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