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5. Coin (pp. 60, 63, 64); Weights and Measures (pp. 61, 73). To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures;

6. Counterfeiting (pp. 60, 63, 65).-To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States;

7. Post Offices (pp. 61, 70).—To establish post offices and post roads;

8. Patents and Copyrights (pp. 61, 73).-To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times, to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries;

9. Courts (p. 60).-To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court;

See, also, Sect. 1, Art. III.

10. Piracies, etc. (p. 68).-To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offenses against the laws of nations;

11. War (pp. 61, 66, 67).—To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water;

12. Army (pp. 61, 67, 68).—To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years;

13. Navy (pp. 61, 67).-To provide and maintain a

navy;

14. Military and Naval Rules (pp. 61, 67).-To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces;

15, 16. Militia (pp. 61, 68).-To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions;

To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the States, respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;

17. (a) Federal District (pp. 61, 74).-To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States;

(b) Other Places (pp. 61, 74).—And to exercise like authority over all places purchased, by the consent of the Legislature of the State in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings; and

18. To Carry Out Powers Granted to the United States (p. 59). To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.

Other powers given to Congress in various parts of the Constitution are as follows:

[(19) To Fix the Time of Choosing Electors and of Casting Electoral Vote (p. 77).-The Congress may determine the time of choosing Electors, and the day on which they shall give their votes; which day shall be the same throughout the United States. (Sect. 1, Par. 4, Art. II.)

(20) To Arrange the Presidential Succession (p. 79).— The Congress may, by law, provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the President and Vice-President, declaring what officer shall then act as President; and such officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed or a President shall be elected. (Sect. 1, Par. 6, Art. II.)

(21) To Regulate Appellate Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court (p. 88). In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and those in which a State shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions and under such regulations as the Congress shall make. (Sect. 2, Par. 2, Art. III.)

(22) To Declare the Punishment of Treason (p. 74).— The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason; but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during the life. of the person attainted. (Sect. 3, Par. 2, Art. III.)

(23) To Authenticate State Records (p. 127).-Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. (Sect. 1, Art. IV.)

(24) To Admit New States (pp. 61, 71).-New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other State, nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts of States, without the consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned, as well as of the Congress. (Sect. 3, Par. 1, Art. IV.)

(25) To Govern the Property and Territory of the Union (pp. 61, 71).—The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particular State. (Sect. 3, Par. 2, Art. IV.)

(26) To Propose Amendments and Call Convention (p. 45).-The Congress, whenever two thirds of both houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the several States, shall call a convention for proposing amendments. (Art. V.)

(27) To Enforce Amendments.-The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of (the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments).]

See these amendments.

Section IX. Limitations on the Powers Granted to the United States.

1. Slave Trade.—*The migration or importation of such persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight; but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person.

*

2. Habeas Corpus (p. 124).—The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it.

3. Bill of Attainder (p. 125); Ex Post Facto Law (p. 125).—No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed.

See Sect. 10, Par. 1, this Article, for similar prohibition on the States.

4. Direct Taxes to be in Proportion to Census (p. 62).No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken.

For provision as to the census, see Sect. 2, Par. 3, this Article. 5. Duties on Exports (pp. 62, 70).-No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any State.

See Sect. 10, Par. 2, this Article, for similar prohibition on the States.

6. No Commercial Discriminations to be Made between States (p. 70).-No preference shall be given, by any

regulation of commerce or revenue, to the ports of one State over those of another; nor shall vessels bound to, or from, one State be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another.

7. (a) No Public Money to be Drawn Except as Authorized by Law. No money shall be drawn from the treasury but in consequence of appropriations made by law;

(b) Accounts to be Kept.—And a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time.

8. (a) Titles of Nobility.-No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States;

See Sect. 10, Par. 1, this Article, for similar prohibition on the States.

(b) Presents, etc., from Foreign Powers.—And no person holding any office of profit or trust under them shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title, of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign State.

Other prohibitions on the powers of the United States are contained in the first eight amendments, and in the Fifteenth Amendment, as follows:

[Freedom of Religion (p. 125), of Speech (p. 125); Right of Assembling (p. 125), of Petition (p. 125).—Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. (First Amendment.)

Right to Bear Arms (p. 124).-A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. (Second Amendment.)

Quartering of Soldiers (p. 124).-No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the

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