after he is elected or appointed. (Compare U. S. Const., Art. I., Sect. 6, Par. 1.) SECT. 24. Every Act to Embrace but One Subject.—Subject to be in Title.-Every act shall embrace but one subject, which subject shall be expressed in its title. But if any subject shall be embraced in an act which shall not be expressed in its title, such act shall be void only as to so much thereof as shall not be expressed in its title. Amending Acts.-No law shall be revised or amended by reference to its title; but in such case the act revised or section amended shall be reënacted and published at length as revised or amended. English Language to be Used. And all laws of the State of California, and all official writings, and the executive, legislative, and judicial proceedings, shall be conducted, preserved, and published in no other than the English language. SECT. 25. Local and Special Legislation Forbidden in Certain Cases.-The Legislature shall not pass local or special laws in any of the following enumerated cases, that is to say: First—Regulating the jurisdiction and duties of justices of the peace, police judges, and of constables. Second-For the punishment of crimes and misde meanors. Third-Regulating the practice of courts of justice. Fourth-Providing for changing the venue in civil or criminal actions. Fifth-Granting divorces. Sixth-Changing the names of persons or places. Seventh-Authorizing the laying out, opening, altering, maintaining, or vacating roads, highways, streets, alleys, town plots, parks, cemeteries, graveyards, or public grounds not owned by the State. Eighth-Summoning and impaneling grand and petit juries, and providing for their compensation. Ninth Regulating county and township business, or the election of county and township officers. Tenth-For the assessment or collection of taxes. Eleventh-Providing for conducting elections, or designating the places of voting, except on the organization of new counties. Twelfth-Affecting estates of deceased persons, minors, or other persons under legal disabilities. Thirteenth-Extending the time for the collection of taxes. Fourteenth-Giving effect to invalid deeds, wills, or other instruments. Fifteenth Refunding money paid into the State treasury. Sixteenth-Releasing or extinguishing, in whole or in part, the indebtedness, liability, or obligation of any corporation or person to this State, or to any municipal corporation therein. Seventeenth-Declaring any person of age, or authorizing any minor to sell, lease, or incumber his or her property. Eighteenth-Legalizing, except as against the State, the unauthorized or invalid act of any officer. Nineteenth-Granting to any corporation, association, or individual, any special or exclusive right, privilege, or immunity. Twentieth-Exempting property from taxation. "Twenty-second-Restoring to citizenship persons convicted of infamous crimes. Twenty-third-Regulating the rate of interest on money. Twenty-fourth-Authorizing the creation, extension, or impairing of liens. Twenty-fifth-Chartering or licensing ferries, bridges, or roads. Twenty-sixth-Remitting fines, penalties, or forfeitures. Twenty-seventh-Providing for the management of common schools. Twenty-eighth-Creating offices, or prescribing the powers and duties of officers in counties, cities, cities and counties, townships, election or school districts. Twenty-ninth — Affecting the fees or salary of any officer. Thirtieth-Changing the law of descent or succession. Thirty-first-Authorizing the adoption or legitimation of children. Thirty-second—For limitation of civil or criminal actions. Thirty-third-In all other cases where a general law can be made applicable. SECT. 26. Lotteries Prohibited.-The Legislature shall have no power to authorize lotteries or gift enterprises for any purpose, and shall pass laws to prohibit the sale in this State of lottery or gift enterprise tickets, or tickets in any scheme in the nature of a lottery. Buying and Selling Stock to be Regulated.—The Legislature shall pass laws to regulate or prohibit the buying and selling of the shares of the capital stock of corporations in any stock board, stock exchange, or stock market under the control of any association. All contracts for the sale of shares of the capital stock of any corporation or association, on margin, or to be delivered at a future day, shall be void, and any money paid on such contracts may be recovered by the party paying it by suit in court of competent jurisdiction, any SECT. 27. Formation of Congressional Districts.-When a congressional district shall be composed of two or more counties, it shall not be separated by any county belonging to another district. No county, or city and county, shall be divided in forming a congressional district so as to attach one portion of a county, or city and county, to another county, or city and county, except in cases where one county, or city and county, has more population than the ratio required for one or more Congressmen; but the Legislature may divide any county, or city and county, into as many congressional districts as it may be entitled to by law. Any county, or city and county, containing a population greater than the number required for one congressional district, shall be formed into one or more congressional districts, according to the population thereof, and any residue, after forming such district or districts, shall be attached by compact adjoining assembly districts, to a contiguous county or counties, and form a congressional district. In dividing a county, or city and county, into congressional districts, no assembly district shall be divided so as to form a part of more than one congressional district, and every such congressional district shall be composed of compact contiguous assembly districts. SECT. 28. Elections by Legislature. In all elections by the Legislature the members thereof shall vote viva voce, and the votes shall be entered on the journal. SECT. 29. General Appropriation Bill, to Contain What. The general appropriation bill shall contain no item or items of appropriation other than such as are required to pay the salaries of the State officers, the expenses of the government, and of the institutions under the exclusive control and management of the State. SECT. 30. Public Support of Sects and Sectarian Schools Forbidden.-Neither the Legislature, nor any county, city and county, township, school district, or other municipal corporation, shall ever make an appropriation, or pay from any public fund whatever, or grant anything to or in aid of any religious sect, church, creed, or sectarian purpose, or help to support or sustain any school, college, university, hospital, or other institution controlled by any religious creed, church, or sectarian denomination whatever; nor shall any grant or donation of personal property or real estate ever be made by the State, or any city, city and county, town, or other municipal corporation, for any religious creed, church, or sectarian purpose whatever; provided, that nothing in this section shall prevent the Legislature granting aid pursuant to section twenty-two of this article. SECT. 31. Public Credit to Corporations Forbidden.The Legislature shall have no power to give or to lend, or to authorize the giving or lending, of the credit of the State, or of any county, city and county, city, township, or other political corporation or subdivision of the State now existing, or that may be hereafter established, in aid of or to any person, association, or corporation, whether municipal or otherwise, or to pledge the credit thereof, in any manner whatever, for the payment of the liabilities of any individual, association, municipal or other corporation whatever; nor shall it have power to make any gift, or authorize the making of any gift, of any public money or thing of value to any individual, municipal or other corporation whatever; provided, that nothing in this section shall prevent the Legislature granting aid pursuant to section twenty-two of this article; and it shall not have power to authorize the State, or any political subdivision thereof, to subscribe for stock, or to become a stockholder in any corporation whatever. SECT. 32. Extra Compensation to Officers and Contractors Forbidden.-The Legislature shall have no power to |