CONTENTS xiii THE NATURE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT The Double Aspect of Federation-Distinction Between a Federal and a Sovereign Government-The Sphere of the Commonwealth-The National Sovereignty-Federal CHAPTER VI THE WORKING OF THE SYSTEM Requisites of the Cabinet System-The Party System- CHAPTER VII THE FINANCIAL PROBLEM PAGE .. 219 The Financial Problem-A Uniform Tariff-The Surplus and 235 PART III-LEGISLATION CHAPTER I TARIFFS AND PREFERENCE The First Tarit-The Effect on Industry-The National .. 247 The Noblem of Commerce- The "Harvester Case-The CHAPTER III "A WHITE AUSTRALIA" 266 The Administration Coloured Crews-Kanaka Labor and the Sega Industry- The White Man and the .. 274 CONTENTS CHAPTER IV THE COMMONWEALTH AND IMMIGRATION Contract Immigrants-Strike-breakers-Ambiguity Removed XV PAGE 281 CHAPTER V INDUSTRIAL LIFE DIVISION I The Eight Hours' Day-Early Closing-Victorian Efforts- DIVISION II Wages Boards-Industrial Courts-Coliective Bargaining- CHAPTER VI OLD AGE AND INVALIDITY PENSIONS 288 .. 298 Schemes in Operation-Administration-A Federal System— 325 CHAPTER VII DEFENCE Before Federation-After Federation-Inadequacy of the 329 344 348 349 THE QUEEN'S WHARF, LAUNCESTON, TASMANIA A RABBIT-TRAPPER'S CAMP 16 30 44 62 94 118 134 150 176 194 220 248 278 300 326 AUSTRALIA, as a geographical expression, includes the continent and islands which lie between the tenth and forty-fifth degrees of south latitude and the one hundred and thirteenth and one hundred and fifty-fourth degrees of east longitude. As a political expression, the term now includes the territory of Papua and the dependencies of Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands. In general parlance, the term means the six States of New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia (including the Northern Territory); Western Australia and Queensland, which are situated on the continent, and the adjacent island of Tasmania. It is in this sense then, that Australia" will be used in the present volume. The term "Australasia "is given to all the British possessions in the Western Pacific and includes New Zealand. 66 Australia is bounded on the north by the Timor Sea, the Arafura Sea and Torres Strait; on the east by the Pacific Ocean; on the south by the Southern Ocean; and on the west by the Indian Ocean. Its total area I-(2133) |