2 P.M. on Sunday he may now do at any time on that day, and the Constabulary should enforce the provisions of the Act in the same way as they have been in the habit of enforcing the provisions of former statutes in reference to Sunday closing.

The exception in the Act, in favour of bona fide travellers, will not enable the publicans to keep the premises open. They must be opened for the traveller and at once closed again. The Constabulary, while seeing that licensed premises are not allowed to remain open on Sunday in contravention of the Act, should not seek to interfere in any way with the convenient use of the premises by the publican and his family. The Constabulary should also remember that in the case of hotels or inns where there are numerous lodgers and travellers frequently arriving and departing, it may be difficult or impossible to keep the premises closed; and in such cases they should not institute proceedings if they think that the premises are open from legitimate necessity, and not in violation of the provisions of the Act.]

Licenses for the Sale of Intoxicating Liquors.In the United Kingdom no intoxicating liquors can be sold without a license granted by the Commissioners of Inland Revenue. Each license is in force for one year only. In Ireland there are two kinds of licenses for the sale by retail of intoxicating liquors-one which the Commissioners may grant of their own authority, the other which they cannot grant without the production of the magistrates' certificate. The licenses which are granted without the magistrates' certificate are:

1. The spirit dealer's license, for the sale of spirits in not less quantity than two gallons at a time (6 Gec. IV., c. 81, ss. 2, 16, and 26; 23 & 24 Vic., c. 114, s. 168).

2. The wine dealer's foreign wine license, for sale of wine in any quantity (6 Ġeo. ÏV., c. 81, ss. 2, 16, 26; L. Act, 1872, s. 73).

3. The shopkeeper's retail foreign wine license-for sale of foreign wine, in reputed quart or pint bottles only, in any less quantity than two gallons, or in less than one dozen reputed quart bottles at any one time (23 & 24 Vic., c. 107, ss. 3 & 4).

4. The spirit dealer's retail foreign liqueur license-for sale of foreign liqueur in any quantity not less than a reputed quart bottle, or in the bottles in which imported (23 & 24 Vic., c. 114, s. 169).

5. The sweets retail license, for sale of sweets (home-made wines), mead, or metheglin, in quantities less than two gallons, or one dozen reputed quart bottles, at one time (6 Geo. IV., c. 81, s. 2; 23 & 24 Vic., c. 113).

All the foregoing authorize sale for consumption off the premises only.

6. The methylated spirits licence-for sale of spirits of wine which has been rendered unfit for use as a beverage, by being mixed with wood naphtha, in quantities of not more than one gallon at a time; used in arts and manufactures (18 & 19 Vic., c. 38, s. 1; 24 & 25 Vic., c. 91, s. 3).

The following authorize sale for consumption on the premises :

7. The theatre licence-for sale of intoxicating liquors at theatres (5 & 6 Wm. IV., c. 37, s. 7; Act, 1874, s. 7).

8. The packet-boat licence-granted for the sale of exciseable liquors and tobacco to passengers on board any packetboat or other vessel conveying persons from one part of the United Kingdom to another, to the master or commander of such vessel, or to a person nominated by the owner or directors upon a certificate or declaration from him or them affirming such nomination; which licenses may be transferred by endorsement by the holders to other masters, &c., of the same vessel (9 Geo. IV., c. 47; 4 & 5 Wm. IV., c. 75).

9. The refreshment-house wine licence--for the sale of foreign and home-made wine (sweets, &c.), in unlimited quantity for consumption on or off the premises, which may be taken out by a person licensed to keep a refreshment house. This licence cannot be granted until after notice has been served upon the Clerk of Petty Sessions, when, if the magistrates do not object within thirty days after service of such notice, the licence is granted (23 & 24 Vic., c. 107; 24 & 25 Vic., c. 81; 26 & 27 Vic., c. 35, s. 18).

The licences which cannot be granted without the magistrates' certificate are:

1. The public-house licence (whether ordinary or sevenday, six-day, early closing, or six-day and early closing); for sale in unlimited quantity of beer and other intoxicating liquors included in the licence for consumption on or off the premises (3 & 4 Wm. IV., c. 68; Act, 1872, s. 49; Act, 1874, ss. 2, 3).

2. The occasional licence - for sale elsewhere than on the licensed premises, granted to publicans, or to keepers of refreshment houses holding a wine licence (25 & 26 Vic., c. 22, s. 13; 26 & 27 Vic., c. 33; 27 Vic., c. 18, s. 5; and Act, 1874, s. 4).

And the following for consumption off the premises :

3. The spirit grocers' licence-granted to traders selling tea, cocoa nuts, chocolate, or pepper, for the sale of spirits in any quantity not exceeding two quarts at one time (6 ̊Geo. IV., c. 81, s. 4; 8 & 9 Vic., c. 64, s. 2; Act, 1872, ss. 81, 82.) 4. The beer retailer's licence, for the sale of beer (which

includes ale and porter), in any quantity less than four and a half gallons, or than two dozen reputed quart bottles at one time (27 & 28 Vic., c. 35).

5. The wholesale beer dealer's licence-for the sale of beer in casks containing not less than four and a half gallons, or in not less than two dozen reputed quart bottles at one time for consumption off the premises (Act, 1874, s. 8).

Lotteries.—6 Anne, c. 17, s. 1; 11 Anne, c. 6, s. 2; 13 Geo. 2, c. 8.-Lotteries are deemed to be public nuisances; keepers and players may be indicted; keepers liable to P. £100, players liable to P. £10. Keepers may be prosecuted as cheats.

Lunatics. The 30 & 31 Vic., c. 118, provides for the custody of dangerous lunatics and dangerous idiots in Ireland, the principal provisions of which are as follow:

Sec. 9 abolished the committal of dangerous lunatics or idiots to gaols, and substituted their removal, under a war◄ rant by two justices, to the district lunatic asylum.

S. 10. This section provides that whenever any person shall be brought before any two justices, and it shall be proved to their satisfaction that such person was discovered and apprehended under circumstances denoting a derangement of mind, and a purpose of committing some crime for which, if committed, such person would be liable to be indicted, the said justices shall call to their assistance the medical officer, or, if there be more than one, then the nearest available medical officer of any neighbouring dispensary district, who shall examine such person without fee or reward, and if such medical officer shall certify that such person is a dangerous lunatic, or dangerous idiot, the juices may, by warrant under their hands and seals, direct that such person shall be taken to the lunatic asylum established either wholly or in part for the county, county of a city, or county of a town, in which he shall have been apprehended. Section also provides that nothing therein shall be construed to restrain or prevent any relation or friend from taking such person under his own care and protection, if he shall enter into sufficient recognizance for his or her peaceable behaviour or safe custody before two Justices of the Peace, or the Chairman of the Court of Quarter Sessions of the county in which such person shall be confined, or one of the Judges of the Superior Court.

Any relation or friend may take the lunatic or idiot under his own care and protection, if he shall enter into sufficient recognizance for his or her peaceable behaviour or safe custody, before two Justices of the Peace, the Chairman of Quarter Sessions of the County, or a Judge of one of the Superior Courts.

Conveyance of Lunatics and duty of Constabulary.-The expense of conveyance of lunatics is to be charged to the Grand Jury. Whenever female lunatics are to be escorted by the Constabulary to a district lunatic asylum, the magistrate by whom the order is given should be asked whether he considers it proper and necessary that the lunatic should be accompanied by a female attendant, and if the answer be in the affirmative, such attendance should be procured, and included in the magistrate's certificate, in order that the reasonable expenses thereof may be allowed and paid by the Grand Jury under 14 & 15 Vic., c. 85, sec. 4. It is necessary that suitable facilities be afforded the Constabulary to take the most humane care of the lunatics under their charge, and that the transit be arranged so that the patients may be supplied with suitable conveyances, and may arrive before night at their destination. In any case of difficulty the physician called on to give a certificate as to the mental state of an alleged dangerous lunatic, should be consulted as to the steps to be taken for his proper care and custody during his escort to the asylum.

The Constabulary should not be called on to furnish an escort of a lunatic where the relatives are seeking to have the party sent to an asylum and where there is no order for committal showing the patient to be a dangerous lunatic. In future in all such cases, instructions should be at once applied for, unless there be immediate danger of the alleged lunatic doing some damage.

Malicious Injuries to Person, 24 & 25 Vic., c. 100.S. 17. Maliciously to prevent or impede any person being on board of or having quitted any ship or vessel which shall be in distress, or wrecked, stranded, or cast on shore, in his endeavour to save his life, or to prevent or impede any person in his endeavour to save the life of any such person as in this section first aforesaid, F.-S. 18. Maliciously, by any means whatsoever, to wound or cause any grievous bodily harm to any person or shoot at any person, or, by drawing a trigger or in any other manner, attempt to discharge any kind of loaded arms at any person with intent in any of the cases aforesaid, to maim, disfigure, or disable any person, or to do some other grievous bodily harm to any person, or with intent to resist or prevent the lawful apprehension or detainer of any person, F.-S. 19. Any gun, pistol, or other arms, which shall be loaded in the barrel with gunpowder

See foot-note on next page.

or any other explosive substance, and ball, shot, slug, or other destructive material, shall be deemed to be loaded arms, within the meaning of this Act, although the attempt to discharge the same may fail from want of proper priming or from any other cause.--S. 20. Maliciously to wound or inflict any grievous bodily harm upon any other person, either with or without any weapon or instrument, M.-S. 21. By any means whatsoever to attempt to choke, suffocate, Por strangle any other person, or by any means calculated to choke, suffocate, or strangle, to attempt to render any other person insensible, unconscious, or incapable of resistance with intent to commit any indictable offence, F.-S. 22. Unlawfully to apply or administer to or cause to be taken by, or attempt to apply or administer to or attempt to cause to be administered to or taken by, any person, any chloroform, laudanum, or other stupefying or overpowering drug, matter, or thing, with intent to enable in any of such cases offender or another to commit an indictable offence, F.S. 23. Maliciously to administer to or cause to be adminis. tered to, or taken by any other person, any poison or other destructive thing, so as thereby to endanger the life of such 'person, or so as thereby to inflict upon such person any grievous bodily harm, F.-S. 24. Maliciously to administer to or cause to be administered to, or taken by any other person, any poison or other destructive or noxious thing, with intent to injure, aggrieve, or annoy such person, M.S. 28. Maliciously, by the explosion of gunpowder or other explosive substance to burn, maim,* disfigure, disable, or do grievous bodily harm to any person, F.-S. 29. Maliciously to cause any gunpowder or other explosive substance to explode, or send, or deliver to or cause to be taken or received by any person any explosive substance or any other dangerous or noxious thing, or put or lay at any place, or cast or throw at or upon, or otherwise apply to any person any corrosive fluid or any destructive or explosive substance with intent in any of the cases aforesaid to burn, maim, disfigure, or disable any person, or to do some grievous bodily harm to any person, whether any bodily harm be effected or not, F.-S. 30. Maliciously to place or throw in, into, upon, against, or near any building, ship, or vessel, any

*A maim is bodily harm whereby a man is deprived of the use of any member of his body, or of any sense which he can use in fighting, or by loss of which he is generally and permanently weakened, but a bodily injury is not a maim merely because it is a disfigure. ment. It is a maim to strike out a front tooth. It is not a maim to cut off a man's nose. Castration is a maim.-(Stephen's 'Digest ¡ of C. L.)