Of the 2,785 aliens of specified birth and descent, 94.40 per cent are literate and 5.60 per cent illiterate. Of the 1,416 employed in manufacturing industries, 95.34 per cent are literate, while but 4.66 per cent are illiterate. In the mining industry, 44.44 per cent are illiterate.

Referring to the table showing the branches of occupation in detail, which is not printed but is kept on file in the Bureau, we find that aliens born in New Brunswick or of such parentage are employed in 81 different branches of occupation; in 50 of these the aliens of specified birth and descent are all able to read and write, while in 31 of such branches some of the employés are illiterate.

Aliens Born in Newfoundland or of such Parentage.

Of the 1,687 aliens born in Newfoundland or of such parentage, 1,446 were found to be literate and 241 illiterate.

Of the 399 engaged in the Fisheries, 313 were literate and 86 illiterate; of the 677 employed in Manufactures, 615 were literate and 62 illiterate; while of the 355 Laborers, 293 could read and write and 62 were illiterate.

Aggregates and percentages are given below.

Of the 1,687 aliens born in Newfoundland or of such parentage, 85.71 per cent were literate, while 14.29 per cent could not read and write. Of those engaged in the Fisheries, 78.45 per cent were literate and 21.55 illiterate; in Manufactures, 90.84 per cent of the employés were able to read and write, while 9.16 per cent were illiterate; of the Laborers, 82.54 per cent were literate and 17.46 per cent were unable to read and write.

Considering the 64 branches of occupation in which aliens of the specified birth and descent are employed, we find that in 37 of them all of the aliens are able to read and write, while in 27 of the branches some of the employés were illiterate.

Aliens Born in Prince Edward Island or of such Parentage.

The aliens born in Prince Edward Island or of such parentage number 1,266, the literate aliens comprising 1,234 and the illiterate 32.

In only one class of occupation, namely, Manufactures, are aliens of the specified birth and descent largely represented; here we find 751, of whom 735 are literate and 16 illiterate.

Aggregates and percentages are next presented.

Of the 1,266 aliens born in Prince Edward Island or of such parentage, 97.47 per cent were able to read and write, and but 2.53 per cent were illiterate. Of the Laborers, 93.55 per cent were literate and 6.45 per cent illiterate.

The aliens born in Prince Edward Island or of such parentage are employed in 69 different branches of occupation. In only 14 of these branches are any of the employés of specified birth and descent unable to read and write; in each of the remaining 55 branches all of the employés are literate.

Aliens Born in France or of French Descent.

Of the aliens born in France or of French descent, 1,240 in number, 1,109 are literate and 131 illiterate.

In but two classes of occupation are the French aliens represented to any extent numerically. In manufacturing industries, 506 are employed, of whom 461 are literate and 45 illiterate. There are 268 laborers, of whom 228 are literate and 40 are unable to read and write. The usual percentage table follows:

We find that of the 1,240 aliens of specified birth and descent, 89.44 per cent are literate and 10.56 per cent illiterate. In Agriculture, 17.86 per cent of the employés are illiterate; in the Fisheries, 21.21 per cent; of the Laborers, 14.93 per cent; while in manufacturing industries only 8.89 per cent are illiterate.

The aliens born in France or of French descent are employed in 76 different branches of occupation; in 42 of these all of the employés of the specified birth and descent are able to read and write, while in 34 of the branches considered some of the aliens are illiterate.

Aliens born in Wales or of Welsh Descent.

The number of aliens born in Wales or of Welsh descent is 304, of whom 209 are literate and 95 illiterate.

The Welsh are not represented to a great extent numerically in any of the classes of occupations. There are 137 aliens of specified birth and descent employed in manufacturing industries, of whom 127 are literate and 10 illiterate; of the 104 laborers, 23 are literate and 81 illiterate.

Percentages based upon small numbers are usually misleading, because excessive. In reading the following table, or, in fact, before placing too much reliance upon any percentage, reference should be made to the numerical basis.

Of the 304 aliens born in Wales or of Welsh descent, 68.75 per cent are literate and 31.25 per cent illiterate. The percentage of illiteracy is very large in the case of the laborers, 22.12 per cent only being literate, while 77.88 per cent are illiterate.

The aliens born in Wales or of Welsh descent are represented in 50 branches of occupation; in 40 of these all the employés of the specified birth and descent were able to read and write, but in each of the other 10 some persons unable to read and write are found.

General Analysis.

Connected with each of the preceding tables has been given a short analysis pertinent to the particular country considered. When the figures and percentages for these countries are brought together, we secure tables supplying comparisons which will be found to be of great value.

We present first a recapitulation drawn from the tables, showing for each of the countries considered the number of aliens, the respective number of literate and illiterate aliens, and the corresponding percentages for literate and illiterate aliens.

As regards ability to read and write, the aliens born in Prince Edward Island or of such descent make the most satisfactory showing, 97.47 per cent being literate, and only 2.53 per cent illiterate; those born in Scotland or of Scotch descent ranked next, with 97.46 per cent literate and 2.54 per cent illiterate; the third place is held by aliens born in England or of English descent, of whom 96.08 per cent are literate and 3.92 per cent illiterate.

Looking at the other side of the picture, we find that of the aliens born in Portugal or of Portuguese descent 67.64 per cent are illiterate; of those born in Italy or of Italian descent, 45.43 per cent are illiterate; of those born in Poland or of Polish descent, 44.55 per cent are illiterate; while of the aliens born in Canada of French descent or in other foreign countries of French Canadian descent, 44.53 per cent are illiterate.