schau should find ready and willing assistants from employers in similar industries in other places. The Crimmitschau manufacturers would not oppose the 10-hour day in itself, would rather have exhorted labor, earnestly, to wait to see if an imperial law might not perhaps be enacted to regulate the working time for women. The 10-hour day therefore would not warrant any such bitter struggle, particularly as the working time in Crimmitschau now is only 10% or 10 hours at the most. To grant the just requests of the workmen is, now as ever, the fixed and earnest endeavor of the Crimmitschau manufacturers.

It is wrong, in my opinion, to consider the present struggle as a struggle between the employers and their workmen; in reality it is a struggle between the employers and social democracy, which by systematic, continued agitation, by intimidation, and persuasion seeks to bring labor under its sway and in the event of its success in this struggle would gain an influence fatal to employer and workman. It is of immediate importance to protect the peaceable, freedom-loving workingmen from social democracy. Of the means which were employed by social democracy in Crimmitschau to force workmen who were not willing to join the social democratic labor organization and its enterprises to do so I have learned many deplorable things by conversing individually with various per sons who were willing to work. To withstand permanently such attempts at coercion, which are made constantly and by various persons, demands great firmness of character on the part of those who are beset by them. For the plain workingmen who preserve such firmness, who pursue their way, calm and decided, I have great respect.

Seeking an agreement between the representatives of the workmen and the employers was not to be thought of after this. I advised both sides, however, to avoid everything that could prolong or embitter the struggle and earnestly recommended to each the careful consideration of the question of fault. I set forth to the

employers the strong justification which is demanded for the refusal of every offer of settlement, and I pointed out that the coming of foreign laborers, es. pecially such as do not speak German, is to be looked upon as a misfortune which ought to be avoided if possible. To this the employers replied that they had already avoided increasing the number of foreign workmen as far as possible, while capable native workmen were to be obtained for the most part. To avoid foreign labor entirely would not be possible so long as the greater part of the workmen remain on strike. Several employers had, before they hired foreign workmen, offered to take back the best of their former employees and had explained that in case of refusal they would be forced to employ foreign labor. In concluding, I cannot repress a thought which forces itself upon me on this occasion. In the reports of the German Industrial-Inspection Office are numerous notices concerning labor committees, in many cases commending them as being qualified for mediation between the workmen and their employers, in other cases remarking that there is, on the part of the employers, aversion to and distrust of such mediating agencies often dominated by the social democrats. I would not underestimate the difficulty of forming such labor committees so that they shall enjoy the confidence of the workmen and the employers. But if social politics were more frequently able to overcome this difficulty I should consider it of extraordinary value. For the labor committee of a factory is the simplest and most natural organization of the operatives employed in the factory. When the independent needs of the operative find satisfaction in the somewhat limited community of the factory by joint consideration with similar needs, in an organization through which the operative may assert his desires relating to his employment, especially relating to labor conditions, he will have less desire for the great communities which, like the organization of an entire branch of manufacturing, beslege him.

Universal Importance of Statisties. Die Woche, a German magazine, in its issue of September 19, publishes a long article under the above caption, by Prof. Friedrich Zahn. It begins with the announcement that many distinguished economists and statisticians of the most highly developed countries of the world, representing practical and scientific affairs, will meet in convention in Berlin, September 20-25, to discuss the general problems of statistics. The members of this organization intend, as far as possible, to give to the different countries of the world valuable hints as to how the solution of certain problems may be obtained by statistical observations; they desire to improve the methods of collecting, preparing, and publishing statistical materials, and also to secure greater simplicity and uniformity in the arrangement of data procured in different countries, all of which will bring about better international results.

The scientist need not be told the value of these meetings. He knows of what great service they have been in the past; he knows the needs of civilized countries regarding statistics, and what can be gained by exchange of opinion and by personal contact of

statisticians. He knows, further, that a good part of the present healthy state of the financial statistics of any country, and our knowledge of its economic and social conditions, are due to the organization of sta. tistics.

It has been asked whether statistics have any value for the general public. A number of people are of the opinion that statistics stand for a dry mass of fig. ures; and the work of statisticians, while acknowl. edged to be of public and scientific value, is often regarded as tiresome and unattractive and work in which only a very exclusive circle of people find any interest. The preparation of statistics should be regarded not only as the task of the State, but each individual in the State should render such assistance as he can, otherwise success is uncertain. Only through the co-operation of all can a complete conception of relations be made possible.

The object of statistics is to prepare the quantitative phenomena of a people and to arrange them in a scientific manner after they have been carefully inves tigated and examined. By means of figures, statisticians fix the facts and obtain a more reliable insight

into actual conditions than would be possible by means of a single event or by confused conjecture.

To the ordinary evaluations which are secured by direct observation there is added a more exact expression. In place of hollow-sounding phrases, they give us materials in accurate and easily available forms. Arbitrary prejudice, fables, rumors, and eloquent forms of speech always make way for the truth wherever and whenever carefully collected statistics are employed. The foundation of the economic and social condition of the country is obtained scientifically through statistical investigations.

As a matter of fact the government is using statistical investigation for the purpose of obtaining means of governing well, and has organized bureaus of statistics under its control for the purpose of securing their necessary assistance. Statistics give conclusions, as far as they may be reduced to figures, concerning the conditions of the country and the forces at work therein; concerning the value of certain legal and administrative measures; and also show the truth or falsity of opinions in the great world of economics; they lead to the discovery of mistakes or weak points in the existing administrative arrangements, and often a knowledge of these conditions is the first step toward improvement. A well-organized statistical system is the economic conscience of the state. Napoleon said that political statistics were the budget of things, and without the budget there was no safety. The state, therefore, works for its own well-understood interests when it teaches its people to support and care for statistics; for these will serve it well and give it power and security in all of its other branches. It may be compared to the merchant who keeps his books carefully, as contrasted with the merchant who follows his own humors and not the actual figures of his business. The more economic and social conditions become complicated and differentiated and the more a nation takes its place as a world power in war and trade the more statistics and statistical investigations become important. There will be certain questions for the entire country to regulate, whereas formerly weighty questions were settled by the cities or by the different states that made up the nation. Therefore, the state must look to it that certain conditions shall be examined in the same way and at the same time and in the same territory, and as far as possible by means of official statisticians. They must be looked at objectively. Translated and prepared in the Bureau of Statistics, Department of Commerce and Labor.

Relief Department - Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co.

The Fifteenth Annual Report of the Relief Department of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co., covering the fiscal year ending June 30, 1903, shows the membership at the close of said year to be 41,783 persons, an increase of 1,765 over the membership of 1902. The following table shows the benefits paid during the year, the total cost, and average payments:

CLASSIFICATION.

The aggregate amount expended by the company was the same as in the year 1902; i.e., $16,000 contributed to the relief feature, and $75,000 to the pen. sion feature. The number of pensioners on the roll June 30, 1903, was 335; the amount paid in pensions was $64,731; the amount of money loaned to employ. ees during the year was expended in building 1,505 houses, buying 1,942 homes, improving 443 homes, and releasing liens on 1,135 properties. An extra dividend of 12 per cent was paid to depositors making 52 per cent for the year.

Number

of Payments

289 152,090

526

Disablements - injury in discharge of duty,

Disablements - sickness and other causes, Surgical expenses, .

TOTAL,

Statistics of Labor.

[Labor Chronology, which forms a Part of the Bureau Report each year, contains information relating to Hours of Labor, Wages, Trades Unions, and Labor Legislation. Subsequent to 1897, all available data relating to the Condition of Workingmen have also been included in the Chronology.]

1893. I. Unemployment; II. Labor Chronology (4 c.); cloth (13 c.).

1894. I. Compensation in Certain Occupations of Graduates of Colleges for Women (4 c.); II. Distribution of Wealth (9 c.); III. Labor Chronology (4 c.); cloth (13 c.).

1895. I. Relation of the Liquor Traffic to Pauperism, Crime, and Insanity (O. P.); II. Graded Weekly Wages, 1810-1891 (10 c.); III. Labor Chronology (4 c.); cloth (24 c.).

1896. I. Social and Industrial Changes in the County of Barnstable (6 c.); II. Graded Weekly Wages, 1810-1891 (7 c.); III. Labor Chronology (4 c.); cloth (14 c.).

1897. I. Comparative Wages and Prices, 1860-1897 (4 c.); II. Graded Weekly Wages, 1810-1891 (9 c.); III. Labor Chronology (4 c.); cloth (14 c.).

1898. I. Sunday Labor (5 c.); II. Graded Weekly Wages, 1810-1891 (12 c.); III. Labor Chronology (7 c.); cloth (21 c.).

1899. I. Changes in Conducting Retail Trade in Boston, since 1874 (4 c.); II. Labor Chronology (7 c.); cloth (11 c.).

1900. I. Population of Massachusetts, 1900 (O. P.); II. Co-operative Industrial Insurance (8 c.); III. Graded Prices, 1816-1891 (14 c.); cloth (26 c.).

1901. I. Labor Chronology, 1900 (4 c.); II. Labor Chronology, 1901 (4 c.); III. Prices and Cost of Living, 1872-1902 (4 c.); IV. Labor Laws (4 c.); cloth (13 c.).

1902. I. Annual Report to the Legislature (O. P.); II. Labor Chronology, 1902 (O. P.); III. Mercantile Wages and Salaries (4 c.); IV. Sex in Industry (5 c.); cloth (12 c.). 1903. I. Race in Industry (5 c.).

Statistics of Manufactures.

[Each of these annual reports presents comparisons, for identical establishments, between two or more years as to Capital Invested, Goods Made, Persons Employed, Wages Paid, etc. The Industrial Chronology, which forms a Part of each Report, includes Industrial Chronology by Towns and Industries, Industrial Dividends, Stock Price Quotations, etc. Beginning with the year 1899, the Parts of the Annual Statistics of Manufactures are published separately.]

1892. I. Manufactures; II. Chronology. Cloth (17 c.).

1898. I. Manufactures; II. Chronology. Cloth (16 c.).

1894. I. Manufactures; II. Chronology. Cloth (12 c.).

1895. I. Manufactures; II. Chronology. Cloth (13 c.).

1896. I. Manufactures; II. Chronology. Cloth (11 c.).

1897. I. Manufactures; II. Chronology. Cloth (11 c.).

1898. I. Manufactures; II. Textile Industries; III. Chronology. Cloth (13 c.).

1899. I. Industrial Chronology (4 c.); II. Statistics of Manufactures (4 c.); cloth (9 c.).

1900. I. Industrial Chronology (4 c.); II. Statistics of Manufactures (4 c.); cloth (9 c.).

1901. I. Industrial Chronology (O. P.); II. Statistics of Manufactures (3 c.); III. Manufactures: Comparisons, 1895-1900 (3 c.); cloth (10 c.).

1902. I. Industrial Chronology, 1902 (0. P.); II. Statistics of Manufactures (3 c.); cloth (10 c.).

No. 10, APRIL, 1899. Labor Legislation of 1898- Trade Unionism in Massachusetts prior to 1880-Contracts with Workingmen upon Public Work- Foreign Labor Disturbances in 1897-Quarterly Review of Employment and Earnings: Ending April, 1899-Editorial, (4 c.).

No. 11, JULY, 1899. Certain Tenement Conditions in Boston-Quarterly Review of Employment and Earnings: Ending July, 1899 (4 c.).

No. 14, MAY, 1900. Free Public Employment Offices - Employment and Unemployment in the Boot and Shoe and Paper Industries- Legislation affecting Hours of Labor-Quarterly Review of Employment and Earnings: Ending April 30, 1900-Sta. tistical Abstracts (3c.).

No. 15, AUGUST, 1900. Household Expenses-Comparative Occupation Statistics for the Cities of Fall River, New Bedford, and Taunton-List of Subjects pertaining to Labor considered in the Latest Reports of American Statistical Bureaus-Massachusetts Labor Legislation in 1900 Quarterly Review of Employment and Earnings: Ending July 30, 1900 (3 c.).

No. 17, FEBRUARY, 1901. Occupations of Residents of Boston: By Districts-Unemployment in Boston Building TradesConjugal Condition of Women employed in Restaurants-Comparative Earnings in Five Leading Industries- Resident Pupils in Pub. lic and Private Schools in Boston- Statistical Abstracts (3 c.).

No. 21, FEBRUARY, 1902. Physically Defective Population in Massachusetts in Relation to Industry. Distribution of the Industrial Population of Massachusetts - Compulsory Arbitration in New South Wales- - Quarterly Record of Strikes Statistical Abstracts (3 c.).

No. 22, MAY, 1902. Rates of Wages in City Employment-Progress of Co-operation in Great Britain - Review of Employment and Earnings: Six months ending April 30, Statisti1902-Quarterly Record of Strikes cal Abstracts (3 c.).

No. 25, FEBRUARY, 1903. Chinese in Massachusetts-Unemployed for a YearRetired with a Competency Dependents upon Public or Private Charity-Quarterly Record of Strikes - Strikes and Lockouts in Massachusetts for 20 years - Statistical Abstracts (3 c.).

No. 26, MAY, 1903. Trade and Technical Education in Massachusetts-Laws relating to Child Labor - Review of Employment and Earrings: Six months ending April 30, 1903Quarterly Record of Strikes-Recent Legal Labor Decisions-Statistical Abstracts (4 c.). No. 27, AUGUST, 1903. Aliens in Industry -Immigration Act of the United States Labor Day-Labor Legislation in 1903-Quarterly Record of Strikes Statistical Abstracts (4 c.).

No. 28, NOVEMBER, 1903. Aliens and Citizenship-Industrial Studies - Industrial Agreements-Proportional Earnings and Production-- Review of Employment and Earnings-Quarterly Record of Strikes - Labor Legislation in Other States and Foreign Countries- Recent Legal Labor Decisions-Statistical Abstracts Index to Bulletins Nos. 1 to 28 (5 c.).

1

No. 29, JANUARY, 1904. Eight-hour Day Licensing of Barbers-Early Closing and Half-holiday Laws of Australasia-Industrial Studies, Proprietors - Palaces for the People Quarterly Record of Strikes (5 c.).

Labor and Industrial Chronology.

[Since 1899 those parts of the reports on the Statistics of Labor and Statistics of Manufac tures relating to these subjects have been bound together in response to a demand for same. The following cloth bound copies are in print and will be mailed upon receipt of amount noted for postage.]

1901-8 cents. 1902-6 cents.