INDIAN TRIBES AND RACES IN MEXICO.

37

the greatest patience the torments which the whites were formerly and are still inclined to indulge against them. They oppose to these a cunning which they dexterously hide under a semblance of indifference and stupidity. Despite their long slavery; despite every effort which has been employed to rob them of their historical recollections, they have by no means forgotten their former greatness. They know right well that they were once sole lords of the land, and that those Creoles who are so fond of calling themselves Americans, are but the sons and heirs of their oppressors. I have myself frequently heard Indians, when their ordinary reserve has been overcome by spirituous liquors, declare that they were the true masters of the country, that all others were mere foreign intruders, and that if the Creoles could expel the Spaniards they had a far better right to expel the Creoles. May the latter be taught by their own acuteness to grant the Indians, while it is yet time, the practical exercise of these civic rights theoretically conceded to them, for the revolt of the copper colored race would indeed present a fearful spectacle!"

INDIAN TRIBES OR RACES IN MEXICO

IN THE STATE OF YUCATAN.

1. Mayas.

IN THE STATES OF CHIAPAS AND TABASCO.

2 Teochiapanécos,

3 Zoques,

5 Mames.

4 Cendáles,

18 Soltécos,

19 Triques,

6 Zapotecas,

IN THE STATE OF OAJACA.

12 Chochos,

20 Pabúcos,

21 Amúsagos,

22 Zoques,

11 Cuicatécos,

17 Almoloyas, a few. 23 Aztécos.

IN THE STATES OF MEXICO, PUEBLA AND VERA CRUZ.

INDIAN TRIBES AND RACES IN MEXICO.

IN THE STATE OF JALISCO.

43 Guamánes,

44 Tenoxquínes,

STATES OF SAN LUIS POTOSI, NEW LEON AND TAMAULIPAS.

139 Piras,

145 Tetans or Tetaus, 150 Apaches-llaneros,

149 Nanahas,

151 Lipans,

The following table exhibits, in separate groups, the varieties of parentage and blood, forming the castes in Mexico and throughout Spanish America:

PARENTS.

White.

Negro.
Indian.

TABLE OF CASTES.

1. ORIGINAL RACES.

European whites are called gachupines or chapetones
Whites, born in the colonies, are called creoles.

Negro father and Mulatto mother, Zambo-negro.

Mulatto father and Zamba mother, Zambo, (a miserable race. Mestiza 66 Chino, (rather clear race.) China (6 Chino, (rather dark.)

Mulatto
Mulatto

Besides these specified castes there are several others not distinguished by particular names; such, for instance, as the produce of unions between the Mexican Indians or Spaniards and the people of the East Indian continent or Philipines, numbers of whom came over during the old viceroyal government. The best criterion for judging of the purity of blood, is the hair of the women, which is much less deceiving than their complexion. The short woolly hair, or coarse Indian locks, may always be detected on the head or on the back of the neck. This tabular statement exhibits at a glance the mongrel corruptions of the human race in Mexico, and presents an interesting subject for students of physiology and ethnology. 1

1

1 See Tschudi's Peru - American Edition, p. 80, and Mühlenpfordt - Die Republik Mejico, vol. 1; - Indians.

It is to be regretted that no very accurate census of Mexico has ever been made, and that since the year 1831, no effort has been persistently pursued by the government to enumerate its citizens and collect such statistical data as may always be easily gathered by persons engaged in this important task. The irregularity of the central or executive power; the instability of all governments since the establishment of independence; the intestine quarrels, not only in the capital but in the departments or states, have all contributed to, and even partially compelled, this neglect of a great national duty.

In the absence, therefore, of official statistics and reports, we are obliged to rely upon approximate results, founded on the partial enumerations of preceding years and the calculations of experienced statesmen and writers. In the following table we shall exhibit all the most trustworthy statements existing either in Mexican works or in the writings of reliable authors:

VARIANCES BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT CALCULATIONS AND CENSUSES OF THE POPULATION OF MEXICO.

Years.

No. of Inhabitants.

1793-Census of the Viceroy Revilla-Gigedo, including Vera Cruz and Guadalajara, according to an

estimate in 1803, .

5,270,029

1803-Geographico-political tables of New Spain,

5,764,731

1831-Actual census of the Mexican Republic, publish

ed by Valdes,

F