All apprehension of the scarcity of bread stuffs had of being fined to the extent of the 6th article of that devanished. FRANCE. By an ordnance of the king, count Portalis, who had held the office ad interim, is permanently placed at the head of the department of foreign affairs. M. Bordeaux, under secretary in the department of justice, is made keeper of the seals. The administration was compelied, by the refusal of the duke of Laval Montmorency to join it, to look within itself for a substitute, rather than make concessions to either party in the chamber. In a conversation on the expenses of the year, the rainister of France stated that the expedition to the Morea had occasioned only an extraordmary charge of 20,000,000 of francs, or about 4,000,000. cree-and further, that they shall be obliged to leave the country in 24 hours, if they refuse to serve in its defence. Another decree of the government directs the enrollment of all freemen of color, under the age of fifty, and of all boys over fifteen years of age. The French consul has protested against the requisitions upon the subjects of France to take up arms, and calls their attention to the 21st article of the civil code, which expressly says-Every Frenchman who without the authority of the king, takes military service in a foreign country or joins a foreign military body, will lose his title as a Frenchman. He further informs them that if they maintain a strict neutrality, they may rely upon his support, and that of the French squadron for the security of their persons. The city was in the greatest confusion, the custom house and stores closed, and all business suspende In a debate in the French chamber on the 16th M. de Pompiere, remarking on expenditure, said that the conveyance of an African lion to Paris cost 7000 francs; but that in 1826 it cost the French double that sum to accelerate the arrival in Portugal of a tyger, or biped monster, much more dangerous. This remark led to one of those scenes of seeming confusion, common into within a league round the city; their united force inthe chamber. PORTUGAL. Twenty-three constitutionalists were condemned, in April, as having been concerned in the insurrection at Oporto, last year, twelve of whom were executed, and the remainder banished. These events had caused a great sensation in the minds of the people of Oporto, who were with difficulty restrained from acts of violence. There was an order in the Lisbon Gazette of May 1st, from Don Miguel, to dismiss eight Portuguese consuls: viz: at Philadelphia, New York, Elsineur, Stettin, Paris, Marseilles, Havre de-Grace and Barcelona. The garrison of Terceira is composed of 3,500 men, and bids defiance to Miguel. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. Gen. Diebitch is removed from the command of the Russian army. Tehassan Oglou has been ordered into exile, and it was supposed he would be beheaded on the route. A party of Turks who crossed the Danube on the 11th of April, were repulsed with great loss. The Russians still retained possession of Sizepolis, but the Turks were making preparations for another attack. Capt. Le Blane, the commander of a French ship, had been sent by admiral de Rigney, to Mustapha Pacha, governor of Candia, to confer with him and recommend moderate measures as respected the Greeks. He consented and agreed to suspend hostilities. But the Greeks were not so tractable, and captain Le Blane returned from a fruitless conference with Laron Reineck, their agent in Candia. The nnitarians, Lavalle's party, are said to embrace the most intelligent men, but the federalists, are in complete possession of the country, may be said, cluding Indians, is estimated at from 3 to 4,000 men, (but this cannot be known with accuracy) not disciplined, but of a nature that from their habits and disposition, a a reverse may disperse, but not overcome them, as from the openness of the country, and their natural fondness for the vagabond life they are obiged to lead, they will con-; tinue to unite and harrass the town till they attain their end or till there are few or none of them left. Lavalle's forces are regulars, and amount to 1500 men, and claim a victory in a battle which took place on the 18th April. Admiral Brown, had not left the fort for some days, and it was known that in case the army of Lopez entered the city, he was prepared to embark on board of a gun brig lying in the roads, for which purpose he had boats constantly in readmess. The following proclamation, in manuscript, was circulated in Buenos Ayres. The Tiempo, the government paper, doubts its genuineness, on the ground that governor Lopez has printing presses at Santa Fe, and that the document, if genuine, would have appeared in print Head quarters, on march, April 12, 1829. Citizens of the heroic city of Buenos Ayres.-My army and that of the rest of the provinces, have entered your territory. We do not come to subjugate you as in your actual state is the case, by cruel and intrusive tyranny, protected and aided by a small and miserable number of infamous and proscribed men. We come to restore you to liberty and to the laws of which since December, you have been deprived. They disappeared Paris, May 9. There is now in the road of Marseil- with that horrid movement. The blood which conciliatles a frigate, built by order of Mehemet Ali. Nothing, ited the provinces will be revenged, and you will rest sais said, can be more rich and magnificent than this vessel, tisfied with the efforts made by your companion and which will cost the Pacha 1,600,000 francs. It contams friend, ESTANISLAO LOPEZ. a suit of splendid appartments, furnished with that mag- The result anticipated above is the necessary conse nificence of oriental effeminacy which would perfume quence of the violent manner in which Lavalle effected the revolution, and we should not be surprised it he meets the late of his predecessor, who was deposed without other pretext than the lust of power and dominion. We cannot pretend to predict the effects of the last change of afflurs, but would hope the people may profit by the experience of the past, and from suffering learn that anarchy is not liberty, and that the greatest friends of a government of laws are not found among violent aspirants for office. even the tar. SPAIN. By an arrival at Baltimore, we learn that intelligence was received at Gibraltar from Madrid on the 24th of May, of the death of the queen of Spain. Minute guns were fired in the latter city, and the flags of the castles and shipping raised half mast, as tokens of respect to her memory. BUENOS AIRES. ADJOURNMENT OF A COURT. The following, copied from the New York Journal of Commerce, of the 4th mst. may be regarded as having a very important bearing, and ought to be generally known. According to late intelligence received from Buenos Ayres, there is a probability that the city has been captured by the Monteneros, and the tooops of Santa Fe and the other interior provinces, under the command of governor Lopez and gen. Rosas. On the 27th of April the city was closely invested by the enemy with whom the Buenos Ayrean troops had skirmishes on the three suc- We have already stated that the circuit court of the cessive days-and there was but little doubt, from the United States, was on Saturday last adjourned by judge enemy's force, 6,000 in all, that they would enter the Betts unta Monday, at which time, beng de tamed at hotne city and put down the government of Lavalle, whose by sickness in his family, and judge Thompson not havhigh handed measures had created a general movemen ing returned from Vermont, where he had been holding against him. Admiral Brown was still the aeting goa circuit court, the marshal adjourned the court until vernor, and on the 28th of April, he issued a decree in- Tuesday morning. Judge Thompson then appeared in forming all foreign residents of Buenos Avres, that they court, but decimed trans eting any business unless by will not be excused from serving, as requited in a form-consent of parties, intimating an opinion that the term of er decree, in the defence at th・ city, under the penalty the court ended on Monday for the want of a regular MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS. THEATRICAL ANECDOTE. The following remarkable anecdote is extracted from an essay on the science of acting:-In the town of North Walsham, Norfolk, in 1788, the Fair Penitent was performed. In the last act, where Calista lays her hand on the skull, a Mrs. Barry, who played the part, was seized with an involuntary shuddering, and tell on the stage; during the night her illness continued, but the following day, when sufficently recovered to converse, she sent for the stage-keeper, and anxiously inquired whence he procured the skull, he replied "from the sexton, who informed him it was the skull of one Norris, a player, who twelve years before was buried in the churchyard." That same Norris was her first husband; she never recovered the shock, and died in six weeks. COTTON. Received at New Orleans, from October 1 to May 23, 225,834 bales of cotton. Same period last season, 264,058 bales. The commencement of the term as fixed by law, was on the last Monday in May, and the court was at that time regularly opened by the district judge, who was authorised to hold the court and transact business ace ǝrding to the provisions of the act of 1802. (5 vol. L. U. S. JOURNEYMEN PRIESTS. A late London paper says: p. 479 $4. The sixth section of the judiciary act of Considering the official habits in this country, we 1789, declares that a circuit court of the United States know not any dereliction more to be stigmatized than may be adjoured from day to day by any one of its judges, that of not proportioning promises to the means of peror if none are present, by the marshal of the district until formance. A rich precentor of four preferments was a quorum be convened. (2 vol. L. U. S. p. 59.) And hirmg a buttler, who "asked sixty guineas a year, the by the act of 1794, (2 vol. L. U. S. p. 40s), it is provided privilege of paying all bills, and a dozen of wine quarterthat a creuit court in any district, when it shall happen." Sixty guineas; that's more than I give my curates that no justice of the supreme court shail attend within of B or M Sixty guineas! I am amazed. My four days after the time appointed by law for the commencecurates, sir, university inen, men of superior talents and ment of the session, may be adjourned to the next stated unquestionable attainments, have but fifty.' Very true, term by the judge of the district, or in case of his absence sir, very true: and, for my own part, I can safely say, also by the marshal of the district. When these laws that I have always felt a pity for those poor devils." were passed, the circuit court was composed of two judges PRODUCTIVE POWER. Dupin has calculated that the of the supreme court and the district judge of the district productive powers of France in 1780, were equal to the where the court was held. Under these laws the author-employment of 38,792,666 hands, and in 1826, to 48,814,ity given to the marshal to adjourn, is antecedent to 889, showing an increase of productive power equivalent the formation of the court by a competent number of to the employment of 10,022,223 hands in 46 years. For judges. When the court is once duly organized for the England he estimates the same power, in 1780, at 31,281,transaction of business, his powers are spent. In the act 052, and, in 1826, at 60,206,311, showing an increase in of 1802, by which one judge is authorised to hold the the same period of time, equal to 28,625,259 of new hands! court there is no provision as to adjournment, and the Such have been the rapid strides made in the productive authority of the marshal must rest upon other laws which power, of both countries, mainly by the extended use have been referred to, and construing them altogether, and growing perfection of machinery and the arts of inthe marshal's power to adjourn is clearly spent as soon dustry. as the court is legally organized for the transaction of bu siness. Several armed vessels were fitting out, and other vessels chartered at Havan for the purpose of carrying troops, as was supposed for an expedition against Mexico. The landing would be made at Campeachy, with 5000 men; the mhabitants of that place being considered friendly to the Spanish government. The troops would then entrench themselves, and await the 20,000 men, who were shortly expected from old Spain. What the increase has been in the United States we have now no accurate means of ascertaining, but have If the adjournment by the marshal was without author-reason to believe that it may be placed in fair competition ity and void, the next question is, whether the want of with that of any other country-alinost in every branch a legal adjournment to some specified time, puts an end of mechanics the ingenuity of our countrymen has lesto the term. It is not necessary that the court should be sened labor and mereased productiveness in a two fold adjourned from day to day, but the term is not continued ratio since the late war, and when a comparison is instiunless the adjournment be to a specified time. The tuted and just allowance made for the time occupied in duration of the term of this court is not imited by acquiring this near approach to perfection, the United law: its commencement is only fixed, and its continuance States must take rank of all other countries in a few can only be kept up by a regular adjournment. If this years.-Balt. Gazette. were not so, the court would be open during the whole time, from one term to another and parties would not know when to attend for the transaction of business. It one day may intervene without an adjournment, upon the same principle any number of days may, and parties are Jiable to be taken by surprise. The powers of a court ought not be so construed as to involve such practical inconvenience and injustice. It is believed that the invariable practice of the courts of the United States is conformable to this rule, and may, therefore, be considered the law of the court. The books furnish us with but little aid upon this question. The practice and decisions under judicial commissions in England are somewhat analogous; and a distinction would seem there to prevail, with respect to the necessity of an adjournment between the case of a commission where no time is limited for its continuance and where it is for a specified time. In the former the want of an adjournment puts an end to the authority. In the latter, if the court breaks up without an adjournment, it may be hoiden again on a new summons. (Bac. ab. Tit. courts, let. C. I Halep 6 C. 498. 2 Halep. b. C. 24. Inst. 165.) So far as these cases are analogous, they go to show that the want of a regular adTreasury Department, May 28, 1829. journment puts an end to the term of the court, for its du- The functions of William Clark, esq. as treasurer of ration is not limited by law. His honor concluded by the United States, will cease with the present month: saying that not the slightest blame was to be attributed to and he will be succeeded in that office by John Campbell, the marshal; on the contrary, he did what was prudentesqr. who will enter on the duties of treasurer on the and proper. TREASURY DRAFTS. Though we have never heard it suggested that a treasurer the United States improperly checked on the banks in which the public monies were deposited, the following instruction of the secretary of the treasury seems a very proper one, and may prevent serious depredations in the public funds. In the fallible state of man, immediate responsibility, brought about by "checks and balances," is the best security for a faithful administration of the peoples business-and it, in this arrangement the progress of payments be not embarrassed by "too much regulation, it will answer many excellent purpo ses. 1st of June. It is necessary that the transactions of Mr. Campbell, be kept entirely separate from those of his predecessors. The banks employed as depositories of public moneys, will, therefore, strike the balance of Mr. Clark's account at the close of the present month of May, and commence Mr. Campbell's account with the 1st of June. The balance which may then be to the credit of Mr. Clark will be applied in the following manner, and in no other: 1. To the payment of such drafts as may have been drawn by him as treasurer before the first of June 1829; 2. To the payment of any drafts drawn by his predecessors, which may then remain outstanding, if any such there be; 3. In compliance with such instructions as may be given to the bank by the secretary of the treasury, for transferring the whole or any part of Mr. Clark's balance as treasurer to Mr. Campbell's credit as treasurer, in the same bank. The form of the drafts of the 1st and 2d description, will be as usual: the officers of the banks, will see, however, they are, in every instance, marked as having been recorded in the office of the register of the treasury. It is to be distinctly understood that Mr. Clark's balance as treasurer is subject to deduction in no other manner than as above authorized. A return of his account, in the usual form, will be rendered monthly, until it is closed. All public moneys received on, or subsequently to, the 1st of June, will be placed to the credit of Mr. Campbell, as treasurer. They will be drawn for by him in the following manner, and in no other. with the conclusion of Saturday's business. When the quarter of the year terminates on any other day of the week, it is requisite that the return should close on the last day of the quarter;-leaving for an additional return, the transactions from that time to the close of the week: so that neither the receipts nor payments of different quarters should be included in one return. Punctuality in transmitting the returns is indispensable. To produce uniformity in the manner of making the returns of the treasurer's account, a form is herewith transmitted, for the purpose of binding; it is requested that they be made on paper of nearly the same size. A form of the monthly statements of the deposites of public officers and agents is also transmitted, with the same view. As this instruction will not reach all the banks before the 1st of June, some returns may have been rendered, not in conformity with it: such returns will, however, be promptly sent back to be cancelled; and, in the meantime, others should be made out and transmitted in the manner required. SAMUEL D. INGHAM, Secretary of the treasury. Mr. CAMPBELL's signature is as follows:JOHN CAMPBELL. INVALID PENSIONERS. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Second comptroller's office. April 22d. 1829. Sir-In making the payments to invalid pensioners, which will accrue on the 4th of September next, where the affidavits of the examining surgeons or physicians shall 1. The secretary of the treasury will issue his warrant state that the disability, whatever may be its rate, proupon the treasurer, directing the payment, which war-ceeds from the loss of a limb, or other cause, which canrant will be countersigned by the comptroller of the not either in whole or in part be removed, you will treasury, and recorded by the register, who will authen-note that fact on the roll, or book in your possession opticate the record by his signature, and upon a suitable part of the warrant the treasurer will give his order directed to the proper bank, for the payment of the money. 2. When transfers are to be made of public funds from one bank to another, the treasurer will issue a transfer draft npon the bank in which the funds may be at his credit, in favor of the bank to which they are to be transferred, for the amount required, stating that it is to be placed to his credit in such bank. This draft will be recorded by the register, who will authenticate the record by his signature upon the draft; and it will finally receive the written sanction of the secretary of the treasury. No deduction whatever is to be made from the moneys placed to the credit of the treasurer, except in these two modes. On the payment of any warrant or draft, the party to whom it is paid will receipt it. The bank will note on it the day of payment, will charge it on the same day to the treasurer, and will transmit it to him with the return of his account in which it is charged. In charging these payments, it will be proper to enter each warrant or draft separately, and to state the number and kind of the warrant, (whether treasury, war, &c.) the date, the name of the party in whose favour it was drawn, and the a mount. I take this occasion to call the attention of the banks to some other matters connected with the treasury ac counts It is necessary to state in return, in regard to each sum which may be deposited, to the credit of the treasurer, the name of the person by whom deposited, his office (if he be a public officer or agent,) and in what manner or from what source the money has accrued to the United States, whether from custom, internal duties, direct tax, sales of public lands, &c. &c. &c. and if it be a repayment, to state on what account the money re-paid was originally advanced. This information may, in almost every case, be obtained from the party who makes the deposite; and as the department is often subjected to great inconvenience for the want of it, the officers of the banks are requested to be particular in obtaining it, and in stating it in the entry of the deposite. It is also necessary that those banks which transmit weekly returns of the treasurer's account, close them posite the names of such pensioners, and inform them that no further examination by surgeons, in their cases, will be required; you will also note the same on your abstract of payments, that similar notes may be made on the books of this department. In reference to the "act making provision for the pay ments of pensions to the widows or children of pensioners," &c. approved the 2nd of March, 1829, a copy of which is hereto annexed, the secretary of war [to whom such payments are referred by said act,] directs that they be made by the agents and the accounts rendered to the third auditor, as is usual in other cases. In making payments under this act, you will be governed by the following instructions viz In case of the death of any invalid or revolutionary pensioner, the arrears of pension due to him at the time of his death, must be paid, 1st. To the widow of said pensioner, or her attorney, proving herself to be such to the satisfaction of the agent, or from the best evidence the nature of the case will admit. 2d. If there be no widow, then to the child or children of the deceased pensioner, or to his, her, or their attor ney, if of lawful age, or to his, her, or their guardians, or his attorney, if they are minors, upon due proof being exhibited of the necessary facts in each. 3d. If there be no widow nor children, then the amount Idue such pensioner at the time of his death, may be paid as heretofore; to the legal representatives of said deceased. In all other respects you will be governed by the forms and instructions sent from this office, under date of the 5th December, 1826, and such additional instructions as you have since received. An I am respectfully sir, your obedient servant, To the agent for paying United States? act making provision for the payment of pensions to the widows or children of pensioners, in certain cases, and for other purposes. Sec. 1. Be it enacted by the senate and house of re presentatives of the United States of America in congress assembled, That in case of the death of any invalid pen sioner, before the certificate of the continuance of his disability, required by the act, entitled "an act regulating the payments to invalid pensioners," passed March third one thousand eight hundred and nineteen, was obtained, it shall be lawful for the secretary of war, and he is hereby directed, to pay to the legal representatives of such deceased invalid, the arrears of pension due at the time of his death, at the rate at which it was fixed at his last examination-provided, such last examination was within two years from the time of his death. Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That whenever any revolutionary pensioner shall die, the secretary of war shall cause to be paid the arrears of pension due to the said pensioner at the time of his death; and all payments under this act, shall be made to the widow of the deceased pensioner, or to her attorney, or if he left no widow, or she be dead, to the children of the pensioner, or to their guardian, or his attorney; and if no child or children, then to the legal representatives of the deceased. Sect. 3. And be it further enacted, That in all cases of applications for pensions, for wounds received in the revolutionary war, the testimony to establish the facts may be authenticated in the same manner with those who apply for pensions for wounds received in the late war with Great Britain. [Approved, 2d March 1829. MONUMENT TO VAN WART. The Commercial Advertiser contains a full account of the proceedings attending the completion of a monument to the memory of Isaac Van Wart, (one of the captors of Major Andre,) at Greensburgh, West Chester co. on the 11th inst. The monument having been reared in the morning, under the direction of the committee of arrangements, a procession was formed at half past 12 o'clock, and proceeded from the public house to the church-yard, where an address was delivered by col. Aaron Ward, of Mt. Pleasant.-The number of persons present was estimated at about 1500, including 21 survivors of the army of the revolution. The monument is a neat structure of white marble, consisting of a base of three ascending steps and a pedestal upon which stands an obelisk-in all being from fifteen to eighteen feet high. It stands by the road side, in a retired valley in the town of Greensburgh, about three miles due east of Tarrytown, on the Hudson. The following inscriptions are copied from the pedestal of the monument: ON THE NORTH SIDE. "Here repose the mortal remains of ISAAC VAN WART, An elder of the Greensburgh church, who died 23d of May, 1828, in the 69th year of his age. lived the life, he died the death of a Christian." ON THE SOUTH SIDE. on the Having from his wagon, near the village of Tarrytown, and kil- LETTER FROM GREECE. Count Capo d'Istria, governor of Greece, has addressed a letter, of which the following is a translation, to the Greek committees of Boston and New York, in acknow ledgement of the donations sent from the two cities in the brig Suffolk, under the care of Dr. Howe. The original letter is in Greek, and is accompanied on the same sheet by a translation in French, written in a very beau tiful hand. GREEK COMMONWEALTH, To the members of the Philhellenics committee of New York and Boston. GENTLEMEN,-I have received with extreme pleasure announces the transmission by the brig Suffolk of new a letter from you, delivered to me by Dr. Howe, which benefactions for the numerous victims of a holy cause. The American nation in giving to the Greeks renewed proofs of their generosity, acquires new claims to their gratitude, and that of their government. You, gentlemen, worthy organs of the philanthropy of Receive, gentlemen, the expression of my gratitude, 17 BRITISH WEST INDIES. At a recent public meeting in London, of the West India merchants, Mr. Burge, the late attorney general of Jamaica, stated that he had found by a careful estimate that Jamaica paid a sum of two hundred and eighty thousand pounds sterling for the support of military, civil and religious establishments, and that, in fact, it paid the governor and every officer or authority connected with it, except the bishop. The case is similar with the other West India colonies; and the general condition of all may be understood by the following extract from the speech of a principal proprietor, delivered on the same occasion. "He did not purpose, at the present time, to enter into the political part of the question between the mother had once observed-the West India colonies were the country and the colonies, but if as a great statesman sheet anchor of England, and if, therefore, they were worth preserving, he thought it was now the time to take It was ac"On the 23d September, 1780, ISAAC VAN WART, their situation seriously into consideration. accompanied by JOHN PAULDING and DAVID WILLIAMS, knowledged on all hands that West India property was all farmers of the county of Westehester, intercepted much depreciated; but he believed few persons were MAJOR ANDRE, on his return from the American lines, aware of the full extent of that depreciation. He knew in the character of a spy; and notwithstanding the large a property in their island he had the honor to represent bribes offered them for his release, nobly disdained to (Antigua,) which once brought its proprietor 20,000 sacrifice their country FOR GOLD-secured and car-pounds a year, but which for the last four or five years ried him to the commanding officer of the district, had not yielded a single shilling. It could not therefore, whereby the dangerous and traitorous conspiracy of Ar- be a matter of astonishment, that many of those who nold was brought to light; the insidious designs of the once boasted affluence were reduced to absolute poverty, enemy baffled; the American army saved; and our beloved and that every interest dependent on the West India country, now free and independent, rescued from most colonies, was sinking rapidly to decay. The only remedy for all this was a large reduction of the duty upon imminent peril.” their staple commodities, sugar and rum, and it was for the purpose of pressing this matter more closely upon the attention of the standing committee that he proposed Without that reduction-a reduction those resolutions. of the most extended kind-the whole of the West India colonies must be inevitably ruined.' ON THE EAST SIDE. ON THE WEST SIDE. ENGLISH CORN LAWS. The following, from the New York Morning Herald, we publish and record, that persons interested may understand how the averages are formed in England-by which the poor of that country are wretchedly oppres sed-and foreigners, deceived by appearances, are cheatDuring the late discussion in the British parliament "The citizens of the county of Westchester, erected on the subject of the corn laws, a number of interesting facts were disclosed which show how defective those law are, and how hard it is to obtain any thing like a correci account of the quantity of wheat sold in that country. appears that in the week ending April 25, the retur: for Manchester was only 458 quarters, which can scarce ly be considered one tenth part of the wheat sold in that district, among a population of 150,000. which is the principal English market for Irish corn, the At Liverpool return was 289 quarters, on the 20th of February, and 10,225 quarters on the 20th of March, which clearl proves that under the existing laws the returns may ether be withheld, or made, according to the convenience, or pleasure, or interest of those most concerned in raising or cutting down the duty. It is very easy under these circumstances, to affect the prices by which the average is fixed, in such a manner as completely to govern the importations. In London, the returns are, considering the immense population of that city, even less than those of Manchester. To show the inefficiency of the system, a London paper quotes the returns trom the three principal cities for thirteen weeks, as follows: Returns of wheat. London. Liverpool. Manchester. Qrs. Qrs. February 1-2,183 844 1,164 20.-2,354 27.-1,909 March 6.-2,035 13.-3,708 4,851 291 20.-2,233 10,255 818 27.-2,459 April 3.-3,124 5,844 1,850 10.-2,661 4,798 787 17.-2,817 4.357 746 6,635 438 24.-2,335 May 1.-2,604 A proposition has been presented to parliament from Manchester, on the subject, and in presenting it, a member observed, that "as the principle on which the corn laws were framed was that of averages, by which the price was regulated, it was most desirable that those averages should be correctly struck," and he proposed to remedy the evil, by an amendment of the act requiring sellers to make returns. Strong complaints have been made to the board of trade by the commercial bodies in different parts of Ireland, respecting these returns, made under a system which affords such facilities tor de frauding the public, and so prejudicially affects the industrious classes of the community in Great Baitain. BRITISH MANUFACTURES, &c. of hideous poverty was enough to sick n the heart. Most Journal in question, "we have it on unquestionable aukrs' mill, has of late received but nine slullings per thority, that James Allen, the manager of Messrs. Parweek for overlooking three hundred and ninety-six looms on that factory-a little more than one farthing per loom best workmen by 16 or 17 hours' constant labor, day er week. The very best, and only the very imgs a week; and the earnings of the rest, including woand night, could make in this mall so much as nine shilmen, have varied between that sum and three shillings of incessant toil and half sustenance. and sixpense or four shillings per week, as the produce evil, though embraced in a narrow compass, is not of towe wish particularly to direct the attention.-"The real To what follows, day, nor, we fear, remedied; it is—that there are now in this country a far greater number of weavers of all sorts of fabrics than could by possibility be adequately employed, if the time were one of the greatest prosperity. Unfortunately a person taught to weave one species of manufacture can turn himself to any other, and the whole mass are e nsequently reduced to a level with the lowest. But it is the peculiar mist rtune of that trade in Great Britain, that not only has manual labor been to a great extent supplanted by mechanical, but that the redundancy of hands thus produced in England and Scotland is augmented tenfold by the swarms of Irish linen and stuff weavers, who crowd all our manufacturing towns, and by working for any wages, drag others into the same abject poverty with themselves. Five-sixths of the hands employed in the mill attacked on Monday, are Irishmen Such, in a few words, is the true nature of the social disease that is now corro ing the very vitals of the nation -that the Spitalfields, Coventry, Norwich, Macclesfield, Yorkshire, Lancashire, Cumberland, Lanarkshire, &c, renders undreds of thousands of human beings a pest to the country opinion that it is expedient to diminish, or to regulate, by That, after mature deliberation, the committee are of law, the executive patronage of the federal government, whenever the same can be done consistently with the provisions of the constitution, and without impairing the proper efficiency of the government. Acting under this conviction, they have reviewed, as carefully, as time and other engagements would permit them to do, the degree and hav arrived at the conclusion that the same may, and amount of patronage now exercised by the president, and ought to, be diminished by law. For this purpose they herewith present to the senate six bills, entitled: 1. A bill to regulate the publication of the laws of the United States, and of public advertisements. disbursers of the revenue, and to displace defaulters. 2. A bill to secure in office the faithful collectors and 3. A bill to regui te the appointment of postinasters. 4. A bill to regulate the appointment of cadets. 5. A bill to regulate the appointment of midshipmen. being dismissed the service at the pleasure of the presi6. A bill to prevent military and naval officers from dent The committee do not doubt but that there are many which are comprehended in the provisions of these bills, other branches o executive patronage, in addition to those which might be advantageously regulated by law. Far from thinking that they have exhausted the subject, they believe that they have only opened it, and that nothing more can be done, at this time, than to lay the foundat on of a system to be follow d up and completed hereaf ter. onght to be dun nished and regulated, on the plan proIn coming to the conclusion that executive patronage that the exercise of great patronage in the hands of ope nosed, the enmittee rest their opinion on the ground 40, has a constant tendency to saily the purity of our istirutions, and to endanger the liberties of the country. the influence of patronage, which must always accomhis doctrme is not new. A jealousy of power, and of |