brisk demand. Take a few leading articles, at wholesale prices, for examples. The part of which would be carried in her own ships, and an exist in the proceedings of the enemies of the tariff. And additional profit be made on its freight? There can be no there is another serious difficulty because of the uncerwant of motive to do so, except in the fact that England certainty spoken of. If any one who is conversant with finds it more advantageous to obtain cotton elsewhere, and the facts, or has access to the documents, will reflect and drain us of specie. But the converse of these propositions examine for himself, he will discover, that the importawould appear in this that, if the four-fifths of the Ame- tions of British goods, on British account, have always rican people were drained of their last dollar, and misery been the largest just when clamors against the tariff were abounded among them as in the years from 1820 to 1823, the loudest amongst us; whereby a double operation was the part of the other fifth engaged in the cultivation of performed to encourage the enemies, and embarrass the cotton would receive a higher price for it, BEING THEN friends of the American System. These brief hints may THE ONLY MEDIUM THROUGH WHICH DEBTS DUE TO ENG- show our opinion of the value of PERMANENCY; indeed, LISHMEN CAN BE SATISFIED! Would the "generous south" we regard it as a leading item in the general scheme of "the chivalric south," desire such a state of things? And PROTECTION, and believe that complete success materially is this what nullifiers call "FREE TRADE?" Let any meet depends upon it. It may be here well, however, to rethis question who dares! We stand up for the free la- mark, that time has not yet been allowed fully to develope boring people the vast majority of this nation-"a pecu- all the good, or bring out all the evil, of the tariff law of liar people" and nothing under HEAVEN shall tempt us, 1828-which was passed under most unfavorable circumor force us, into the adoption of principles which may fa- stances, and "amended" by the enemies of the system on vor the result stated, or stint the comforts of the honest disgraceful principles their avowed object being to renworking man! We will have no part in any COMMU-der it as odious as possible. We were well advised of NION which can lead to these things. We demand RECIPROCITY in our trade with all nations, and, if they will not take bread in exchange for calicoes, we'll make calicoes at home, and PROHIBIT THEIR IMPORTATION. If there is Salt [St. Ubes] which paid a duty of 20 cents in 1830, any American who feels able to contest this principle-averaged about 45 cents per bushel. It now pays a duty who is willing to crawl and to crouch beneath BRITISH of only 10 cents, and the same kind of salt is worth 50 "regulations of trade"-who is so recreant to GOD and cents in the Baltimore market. COUNRTY as to abandon his just claims to reciprocity. Molasses averaged 37 cents per gallon for the 12 years let him stand forth, that we may see whether the "mark from 1816 to 1827, inclusive, when the duty was 5 cents. of Cain" is not impressed on his forehead-a mis-be- In 1828 the duty was raised to 10 cents, and in 1828, gotten child of a slave-mother, who gave suck in chains. 1829 and 1830, the average price was 273 cents. But, and with pleasure let us return to the subject of duty now is 5 cents, and the average price 284 cents. CONCILIATION. Much was yielded by our fathers to a Coffee paid 5 cents per lb. duty and its average price spirit of peace, and we would also do much to preserve was about 25 cents from 1815 to 1823-from 1823 to this union this hope of the liberal and enlightened of all 1829, the average price was 144 cents and in 1830 only nations, in the full force and vigor of its youth, in its bold 12 cents. But on the 1st Jan. 1831, the duty was remarch to the power of manhood and of glory, in conferring duced to 2 cents, and the price was 12 cents; at prethe greatest possible amount of benefits on MAN-by ele- sent the duty is only one cent, and the average price is vating the productive classes; and have no manner of 134 cents. doubt, that, if the two parties to the great question at isIt is a well known fact that the increase of duty on mosue, would meet with a desire to ascertain truth and a lasses in 1828, reduced the price of that article at Havana willingness to follow it, much good might be accomplish-so increased duties on iron, &c. were suddenly follow ed; but we, of the majority, cannot discuss this matter ed by reduced prices of iron, &c. in England. Chemical with persons who begin by demanding a surrender of the articles may now be purchased in England from 40 to 50 principle of protection. The expediency of this or that per cent. cheaper than a few short years ago when we provision in the law, may be examined-BUT THE RIGHT had no manufactures of such articles. These are mere OF SELF-PRESERVATION CANNOT BE DEBATED. And if it examples. shall appear, after due examination, that alterations in the The facts show that duties do not necessarily run into tariff can be made that will gratify one party without se- "taxes" on consumers-nor, on the other hand, would it rious injury to the other let them be made, if there shall be more just to say that they necessarily reduce price: be reason to believe that the REVISED SYSTEM can be ren- but this is certain, that, in some important cases, increased dered permanent in its principle and permanent in its duties have reduced the cost of articles in foreign counpractice. The incessant and ardent agitations of the tariff tries; and this wholesale and momentous truth is irresistiquestion has injuriously retarded the progress of the ble, that there has been a large general reduction in the American System and especially by preventing large in-price of articles, the home manufacture of which has been vestments in new establishments, whereby the force of competition, to reduce price, has been materially lessened. At every new clamor, people hesitate to go forward, and we are fully advised that vast sums of money are now in suspended operations, that its possessors may ascertain "what will be done about the tariff" and thus, if the protecting laws really bear upon consumers as "taxes," (which, however, we generally deny),* these taxes chiefly " protected EFFICIENTLY PROTECTED, by our tariff laws. Why, then, so much bawling about "extortion, "monopoly," &c. "Of the tariff of 1828, we do not wish to go into parti culars-but every one conversant with its history, and willing to confess the truth, we think will agree in saying, that, while a minority in congress, at that time, wished the law should pass as a SYSTEM, regard to its details was held by the majority as this or that provision might inline of packets bring specie twice a month from the U.fluence political feeling in particular states. More good, States, but the same kind of remittance takes place oft- and less evil, has resulted from that law than we expect ener to Liverpool. Last year we were paid the balance ed, from the facility with which our people change thei largely in flour, this year we can providentially do with-habits and pursuits; but such was our opinion of the bill out that article." And yet the present price of bread is, probably, twice as high in England as in the United States and "providentially" we can do without British cotton goods, and some other articles. This, at least, is manifest, that we cannot pay foreigners for their amount consumed in the United States. The value of the home manufacture of cottons last year was between 26 and 30,000,000 dollars. Destroy the factories, and we should be "clothed in nakedness." There is not specie enough in the country to pay for one year's supply and we have nothing more to export that England will receive. * Duties on goods imported may or may not be "taxes" -for they do not always regulate price. That depends more on scarcity and supply dullness in the market or a that we should, most probably, have voted against it in the house, except in the hope of its amendment by the senate. But we afterwards began to think better of the law, because that impudent English ship-masters at Charleston caused their flags to be hoisted half-mast, when the news of its passage was received in that city; for which they well deserved to be "Tarr'd and feather'd as the law directs." Such an insult to the government of the United States, by foreigners enjoying the hospitality and trade of our ports, would not have passed unpunished in all of them. The "cross of St. George" would have been trampled in the dust, as it ought. Last year, because of the scarcity of bread stuffs, large quantities of American flour (the staple of all the states these hostile proceedings at the time, and could name for its support on the manufacturers it would have been two "distinguished" individuals who presided at certain discontinued long ago, or would now cease. And, indeed, nightly cauensses of members of congress-cowards, that so strong was the pressure at one time against it, that we dared not openly oppose the passage of the new tariif, but were nearly induced to sell the establishment, and retire vile jugglers, who would have cast the responsibility of a from a controversy which had yielded such a contemptrefusal to pass it on others. If such a spirit prevails Low-ible profit for the incessant labor bestowed upon it. In if base managements in polities and personal considera- the mean time, however, while resources to pay current tions, are to take a lead, there can be no hope of concili- expenses promptly were stinted or denied the editor ation. We have the law, and there is not power to take was complimented from all quarters, and from 50,000 to it from us, without our consent. We shall not throw 100,000 extra copies of some of his essays were spread bethings into the wind." If the sober and discreet men fore the people, (without any agency or profit in such transopposed will meet us, as gentlemen and patriots should actions in himself,) to show the importance of the system do-we are willing to communicate with them and yield that he maintained!—and votes of thanks were often resomething, because they suppose it oppresses then onceived, when means to pay his workmen were hardly prethe understanding that any arrangement made shall have sent; and there are yet very many seats of manufactures at its issue upon the permanency of the protecting princi- which from hundreds of thousands to a million of dollars ple, and look to "regulations of trade" as correctives are invested, (in some cases we might say millions), that do of evil growing out of our relations with foreigners. The not afford one cent per annum for the support of this capital vested in the manufacture of all articles encourag-press. It was, and is, the farmers, mechanics, and less ed by the existing laws, probably amounts to 500,000,000 opulent class of manufacturers, and individuals loving dollars, and the persons directly subsisted by them can- the system, but having no direct interest in its success, not fall short of 2,000,000; and, when to these is added who, (with some few gratefully remembered exceptions), the value of lands for feeding the manufacturers and their have exerted themselves to sustain and extend the circufamilies, and the supply of wool and other materials, we lation of the REGISTER but its main capitalt always was cannot hesitate to believe that a thousaná millions of dul- in its collection and preservation of articles which had Lars, and not less than five millions of free persons, have no relation to its devotion to the protecting principle; and a DIRECT STAKE in the protecting system. Where is the the operations of that capital have been grievously imforeign market for the grain, the meats, and the wool, &c. peded by that warm feeling and indefatigable and heart&c. of our FARMERS we ask WHERE? It is just as felt zeal with which such devotion was manifested; impossible that they should consume foreign goods, if fo- which zeal, also, on a late occasion led to the acceptance reigners will not receive their products in exchange for of new duties and responsibilities, unpleasant annoyances, them, as it is to ascend the cataract of Niagara! To talk and slave-like drudgery, that could not be purchased with of "buying cheap," without the means of buying at all, is money, had a pecuniary compensation been tendered or insulting to common sense. Why have tens of thousands expected. How stands our interest in this matter? There perished for the lack of food in Ireland, though a stone of are several individual states to which a greater number potatoes, or a week's existence, might have been purchas- of this paper is sent than to all New England! There ed for four cenis? Was would our farmers get MONEY are culy 19 subscribers in Maine, 24 in New Hampshire, to pay for the "cheap goods" of England? Let free traders 143 in Massachusetts, 70 in Rhode Island, 73 in Conneeticut, and 85 in Vermont-414 all told! and most of these answer! With these general expositions of our private views, we hold a firm belief that something may be done" that For examples-there are 30 cotton and woollen mills will relieve the present excitement, and render perma- of the largest class, at Lowell, Taunton and Troy, Massanent good to the United States, if the parties to the ques-chusetts, running 98,758 spindles, and numerous other tion will meet in a spirit of patriotism and peace. mighty manufacturing establishments, and at these three places we have one subscriber, by chance, at Taunton! If it were necessary, we could rapidly put down the names of fifty great manufacturing villages from which like support is received! We shall now speak of our own personal interest in this matter which is freely acknowledged to be a great one, though the manner in which that interest acts will, perhaps, surprise many. And here it may be remarked, that the editor of the REGISTER, except in the amount of it would not become us to express an opinion as to less than 600 dollars, (lately invested in a kindred busi-the effect which this CAPITAL has had in the diffusion of ness), is not concerned, to the value of one cent, nor was he ever so concerned, in any other business than his own proper profession: that he never purchased a single artiale out of the range of that business, except for his own immediate use, or that of his family that he never speculated in a solitary thing, or ever obtained any one article, or entered into any concern, except as above excepted, with a view to profit by such article or concern. Few men of his age can say these things but they are true, and mentioned to show that a spirit of speculation has no part in his character; still he has his interest like other people and these matters are stated to shew the direction of them. When some years ago a "dead set" was made at the REGISTER in certain parts of the south, where it had had a very liberal support-because of its zealous efforts to favor the American System, (and which still continues, though not much is left to feed proscription upon), this paper was called a "Manufacturers' Journal," and its editor charged with having sold himself to the "Yankees," &c. and no coarse epithet was wanting in the "generous south," no rude persecution in the chivalric south" left untried to prevent its circulation and individuals were, and yet ara, personally assailed for receiving it. But the truth then was, and yet is, that if this work had depended north of the Potomac, which the British market will, a any time, receive) were shipped to Liverpool: and, if when the price of grain fell in England so as to make the duty PROHIBITORY on flour, what would John Bull have said if the American ship-masters, in that port, had hoisted. THEIR flags half-mast? Yet there would have been much better reason for this proceeding than for that. information concerning the protecting system; but we may say, and with perfect truth, that it has cast the REiSTER into the hands of many thousand persons, (during the discussions of this subject), who, otherwise, would never have encountered general essays concerning it. A whele volume would hardly contain the letters which we have received in relation to this particular matter. And, when it is notorious that large and populous districts, once zealously opposed to the system now liberally accept it, or, at least, are willing to tolerate it, because of the good that it renders to others of their fellow citizens-it will not be thought immodest to claim what we know is its due, some share of this revolution in public opinion for the credit of this press-and in these districts the circulation of this work has handsomely increased. Again and herein is something worthy of notice. "Those who are whole need not a physician-but those that are sick." In the opinion of sonie, perhaps, it has been thought that we gave up too much room to matters not relevant to the tariff-but so strong was our own conviction that we published too much on the subject, that, perhaps, one half of the editorial articles which have been prepared in relation to it, (in the abundance of our zeal), were SUPPRESSED, in the apprehension of surfeiting those whom we would lend into the fulness of our opinions and thus we know that considerable success has been obtained. And there are yet a good many who are decidedly anti-tariff, that receive the REGISTER, because of its other inatter; and it is pleasant to believe that these regard our cause an honest one, though supposing it to be erroneous. The moral effect of such a belief, in the minds of intelligent and worthy men, is powerful. Such are among the uses that we have made of our capital. are gentlemen who have no immediate stake in manufac- TRIOUS POOR, AND CHEERS THE WORKING MAN IN HIS the latest; but the sooner that we shall feel liberty to cast this pen aside, the better; and we well know that a just judgment will be pronounced on our exertions, whatever may be the result, fortunate or otherwise, to ourselves. We therefore stand ready, and on the principles made known, to lend our humble means to the work of conciliation, and again a express belief that "something may be done," if a right spirit shall preside over deliberations on the subject. But the surface of things must not be skimmed over. Causes and effects must be traced to their sources and terminations; for concerning the matters to be considered, the most egregious errors prevail. It was prophecied that the tariffs of 1824 and 1828 would make a resort to direct taxation necessary for the support of government, and so superficial observers really believed. We said, that the revenue from importations would be increased, as the success of a protected industry should enable the people to purchase foreign goods; and so it has happened, until now the chief effort is to deplete the public treasury! But if that depletion be not wisely made, a train of evils, worse than a resort to direct taxation, will follow it. The purchases of the country must be kept within the means of paying for them, OR IMMENSE PRIVATE INTERESTS WILL BE SACRIFICED. The fulness or emptiness of a public treasury, is not evidence of national prosperity or adversity, any more than a man's account at the bank is the measure of his private happiness. Reductions of duties on unprotected articles, for example, as suggested in Mr. Clay's resolution before the senate, may cause increased importations, and ruinous embarrassments in business, The preceding remarks are not made in the way of such as we now experience. If from such reductions, the complaint against the public, for that we are liberally cost of the foreign articles be lessened, it is presumable supported may be understood from this fact, that, in the that greater quantities of them will be consumed; and the last year, one thousand dollars were expended on account balance of trade against us, of course, be increased. The of the extra quantity of matter with which we compli- duties paid have no relation to this balance, except to mented our readers; and in the support which justified keep it in check-for THEIR origin and end is WITHIN ourthat expense, is the CAPITAL which has been so freely selves. If then, the exports of the United States cannot used for the more immediate benefit of the manufacturers. be increased, lessened taxation may impoverish the counA few of them, and at a few places, who really thought try! This principle is well understood, and hence many that an editor should eat and drink like other folks, have of the "regulations of trade" of European nations. The offered practical thanks for services rendered, by increas-"let-us-alone" policy has existence only in its theory-it ing the circulation of the REGISTER, and so adding is a very good thing to talk about; and a Virginia politistrength to their own cause-but the large majority, the cian would speak a whole month to describe this non-demass of the wealthy and most interested, have been as script something or nothing! What then must be done? seemingly indifferent to our prosperity as they are about We shall suggest what may be done to preserve a sound the fashion of the chariot wheels of Pharoah, which were and plentiful currency, (which is the life and soul of a swallowed up in the Red Sea! We charge not these with nation's prosperity), and prevent the ruinous consequences closeness nor meanness-for by far the greater part with of over-purchasing such consequences as we now feel, whom we have the honor of being acquainted, are among and which have involved so many worthy persons in bankthe most liberal and enlightened gentlemen of our coun-ruptcy; the bank of the United States being the agent of try; but, engaged in extensive operations, they have not this sound and plentiful currency not its origin. The thought upon or felt the necessity of encouraging ours; soundness may belong to the bank, but its plentifulness and large meetings of persons have voted their thanks to can exist only in the general prosperity of the people-the us and many have tendered kind and costly marks of bank does nothing to make or earn specie, by which bahospitality and respect, who never thought that the good lances must be settled. But, to accomplish these essential which they ascribed was brought about by our press, purposes or contributed one dollar that that good might be continued and extended. It was sufficient for them, that the matter of the REGISTER was published in other papers, and pleased them! Under such a state of affairs, and they are honestly represented, it cannot surprise any one that we are deeply interested in a permanent adjustment of the tariff question--our pecuniary wishes, moderate as they are, strictly respond to our private desires for relief from the toils of our place, which are, at onee, impairing our health and annoying our love of repose. As the oldest writer in support of domestic industry, we are willing to be The Let acts which are prohibitory in their nature, (with which the statute books of England abound), be passed. The cotton manufacture has reached, or will speedily reach, so high a degree of fulness and perfection, that no advance would be made on the price of necessary articles, were the minimum gradually raised to one dollar the square yard. This proceeding would keep about six millions of dollars at home, and afford profitable employment to very many persons and we would pledge every pretension that we have to sanity, on the result that the general price of cotton goods would decline: and thus we might go on, from time to time, as our manufactures ripened into manhood, and the balance of trade be kept in our favor. There is not never was, and we firmly believe never value of the American dollar, (as well as of the Russian will be, any country, in which such and so many splen- ruble), is now determined at London; but the course of did elevations of the character of MAN have happened, conduct proposed would cause the valuation of our dolas in our own-Washington was a county surveyor, lar to be made at home; and a solid and substantial prosFranklin a printer, Green a blacksmith, Sherman a shoe- perity cannot be established until that shall take place, maker, &c. &c. We thank HEAVEN, that our lot has been let "free trade" orators and essayists say and write what cast in this "blessed land of the free." Among the early they please. At present, in regard to our coin, congress settlers of some parts of our country were some half-prescribes the quantity of pure metal which the pieces noble and excessively proud persons the breed has depreciated, as it ouglit, and nearly run out; but references to original elements have supplied a bold, strong and enterprising race of men, "who know their rights and dare maintain them." shall contain-but British bankers and merchants have command over the value of these pieces; and this will be so as long as we neglect to "regulate" our trade with *See note B. Great Britain, as she regulates her trade with us. WE ARE In conclusion-we have to repeat that we only are responsible for any sentiments advanced in the preceding pages we have consulted no one. The good, or the evil-sound discretion or gross folly, that parties may think that they discover in them, are wholly our own. We wear not the "collar" of any person or set of persons, and wish that all we have said may be taken for what it is worth, as the simple act of an individual citizen of the United States. Bar iron Price of English iron at Liverpool, per ton. American the duty was advanced $28 40-the cost of this iron was reduced 60 dollars a ton. How is this? Sheet iron, in 1818, the duty being 50 dollars, was worth 190 dollars the ton, in 1820 (because of the want of a supply, in the depression of the iron manufacturers), it rose to 220 dollars a ton, and the importations were heavy. By the tariff of 1828, the duty was placed at $78 40 per ton, and the Baltimore price for last year was 6 cents per lb. or 145 dollars, 60 cents per ton. These figures were personally taken by us from original entries in the books of a great manufacturing house in the city just named, and there cannot be any mistake about them; and it should be observed, that Baltimore iron has a high rank in the market. How then Sarchett's statement of prices at Philadelphia, endorsed by Mr. Tyler, ranges at from 160 dollars to 176 dollars, when the actual prices on these books show a range of only from 140 to 145 dollars and 60 cents per ton, we cannot explain, and very much doubt if Mr. Tyler can! If these classes of iron were at fair prices in 1818, and the duty acted as a "tax" on consumers, the account of them would stand thus $52 23 duty on 42 22 78 40 Price at Phi- Boiler iron 31 10 78 40 170 to 180 Sheet iron Together But the aggregate real price was Against the tax-“notion," 218 40 446 80 285 60 161 20 In the respect that we have for the character of Mr. Tyler we cannot believe, that, when he offered these figures to the senate in his speech and spread them before the people, he fully, or even partially, understood the And the increased duty, instead of increasing price, as subject before him for, though every figure may be true, it must, in the opinion of anti-tariff gentlemen-we might the general facts deducible from them are grossly incor-just as well say, reduced the cost to consumers from 390 rect we should say false, except that it might be thought dollars to $285 60: and, if compared with prices in 1820, rude to a gentleman whose motives, we surely think, are the amount saved would appear in a much larger sum. as honest as our own. But Mr. Tyler is not to be told that the worst deceptions may be practised under the words of truth. We wish that Mr. Tyler would reconcile these practical results with his theory. It cannot be in the appreciated value of money-for the value of that, in 1818, comWe say, that the prices of iron, as stated as Liverpool, pared with its value in the chief part of the year 1831, may be true-for it is well known that English paupers was nearly two per cent. per annum GREATER, in the inare hired out like our black slaves but by their parishes, terest for which the use of it might be hired; and this, at from 4 to 6s. per week, and hence that there has been we contend, is the most certain way of shewing the appreso great an over-production of iron in England and con- ciation or depreciation of the value of money. The resequent reduction in price, as to ruin many and enbar-duced price of iron is because of the DOMESTIC COMPErass all the proprietors of the works-insomuch, that a TITION THE RESULT OF PROTECTION, which also is the meeting was lately held at which it was agreed to re- parent of skill. duce the production to obtain a saving price. But would Mr. Tyler place the citizens of the United States on a par with these miserable white slaves? Yet the present prices of iron, in England, should no more come into a general estimation of the value of the article, than a statement which we saw gravely put forth a few days ago to shew the profits of the famous West India arrange-roads), and the whole importation of 1830 was only 6,949 ment, because that a cargo of American lumber, which, luckily for its owner, arrived at Barbadoes just after the Jate HURRICANE, sold at an enormous price! But it is in regard to "bar iron" that Mr. Tyler has, unknowingly, thrown out the most grievous delusion. He understands nothing of what is meant by the general term "bar iron," or he would not have used these figures. It is true, that rolled bar iron pays 37 dollars per ton, duty but this iron is inconsiderably used, (except for rail tons. But when an American speaks of "bar iron" he means hammered bar iron, or that sort of iron which enters into common use, and is consumed in mighty quantities: the The column of figures, as the amount of the duties is duty on this iron is only $22 40 per ton; and, in 1830, we true, and yet they convey a grossly false impression, as we imported 30,973 tons. Nearly all the rolled bar iron imshall soon prove. The prices stated as existing at Phila-ported was from England; but of the 30,973 tons of bar delphia may be true; but if so, are put down at EXTREME and SPECIAL rates, as will conclusively appear. So much is certain, that they do not represent the real state of things. We shall see if the duties thus charged are paid by consumers, as Mr. Tyler would argue that they are. In 1818, '19 and '20, boiler iron was worth 350 dollars per ton at Pittsburg-its present price is less than 140. In those years, sheet iron was selling for 18 dollars the cwt. at Pittsburg, and is now worth only 84 dollars. iron, proper, only the pitiful amount of 439 tons were received from England, against the 30,534 tons imported from Sweden and Russia. The senator is not acquainted with the reason of this disparity, (though the English iron is much better assorted, in sizes, than the Swedish or Russian, as well as cheaper), but we shall soon tell him why it is so. And besides the bar iron imported as above stated, it is ascertained that 112,866 tons were made in the United States in the last year-total consumption, exclusive of English rolled bar iron, 143,839 tons. These facts are derived from the report made to the N. York Convention; and no honorable man, who knows the high character The same natural and inevitable operation-THE DO- and standing of the gentleman who furnished the state<< MESTIC COMPETITION, has had the same effect in the sea-ments, will hesitate to believe them, so far as they go board cities. but it is now well established, that they were much short of the real amounts. Hoop iron, under the same circumstances, was worth 250 dollars per ton, in the years given-now only 110 to 120. By the tariff of 1816, the duty on boiler, sheet, hoop and rod iron, was fixed at 50 dollars per ton, and the price of boiler iron in 1818 (nearest date referrible to in the hurry of preparing this note), was 200 dollars per ton, and in 1824, the "abominable" tariff year, it was 160 dollars per ton. In 1831, last year, the price of this article at New York, sent thither from Baltimore, and subject to the cost of freight, &c. was 140 dollars per ton-the duty being $78 40 per ton. So that in 13 years, though It can never be believed that the senator from Virginia | the senate and house of representatives of the United intended to give out such a monstrosity to the public. But States, (except two "ho-nor-a-ble gentlemen), to solve the it is certainly worthy of the genius and zeal of the British mystery of this transaction, and account for the stupidity subject, Sarchett-whose wilful falsehoods or stupid er- of the merchant who made the shipment. The exceptions rors, and incorrect doings, have been so nakedly exposed are made for reasons that might be easily assigned! by as honorable Americans as our country boasts of-men It is perfectly clear to the mind of an enlightened "free as respectable as any ever seated in the senate of the U. trader," that to the price of every yard of cotton goods States, and whose word, as gentlemen, will pass just as manufactured in the United States, there is added an exfar as that of any member of that dignified body. Shall tra cost of eight and three-quarter cents a square yard, so the wild suppositions and crude speculations of ques- much being the amount of the "TAX" which is paid by tionable foreigners, be put in opposition to facts establish- the "nation of South Carolina," to pamper the pride and ed by such individuals facts which, while they have sur- glut the avarice of the cotton spinners and weavers of the prised us all in their aggregate, have caused every pa- more northern states, as Mr. Raguet and Mr. Ritchie triot to rejoice in the vast resources of his country. have shewn a thousand times over, and as Dr. Cooper has demonstrated, with mathematical certainty, before the political-economical class of the college of South Carolina, in sundry lectures: and we wish to know how it is, that the American merchant has been enabled to pay this "tax" on the goods, and incur the cost of their freight to Liverpool where such goods are not taxed at all), and thence send them to Manilla, to meet the free cloths of "freetrade" England? It is one of the most bothering cases that we ever met with! Mr. McDuffie, probably, might make it out by his "forty per cent." that is paid on cotton exported, if it were not that these goods were manufactured from American cotton, and have been sent to take the place, perhaps, of so much East India cotton and it might not be easy, even for him, to prove, that an increased market abroad for American cotton, must result in a tax of "forty per cent.” on the South Carolina planter of cotton. There is another thing which we suppose might stagger any other persons than the gentlemen named. We shall state it in figures: Cents. But it seems of the bar iron, proper, imported only oneseventh part was from England, though the cost was much less, and its manufactures far more convenient, for use than such iron from Sweden and Russia. Mr. Tyler is to be told that the "bar iron" of England, to which his figures refer, differs very materially from that of Sweden, Russia and the U. States; and the price of the latter, in 1831, was one-third higher at New York than the former, or as 100 is to 75. Indeed, such bar iron as was fit for anchors, and other works requiring toughness, was selling at 115 dollars the ton, when the English bar iron was worth only 72, in that market. This difference in price will teach Mr. Tyler that American bar iron and English bar iron are two very different things! The English have three kinds of iron-the "common," (or lowest quality, such as is given in the senator's adopted table)—the "best," and the "best best." The latter has about the same grade of the American, and, because of its high price in England, is not exported to this country. So much for Mr. Tyler's English bar iron, and our American bar iron! To be sure, both are iron; and so leather is leather, if tanned from a hog's skin: but we guess that the gentleman of Virginia would not like to wear boots made of such leather in the winter season, any more than an American ship master would depend on such iron for the fastenings of his vessel. In the first case, Dr. Cooper would "calculate" wet feet-in the other, a-going to pieces! Again, as to the operation of the duty on iron. In 1793, when the duty on iron was only 15 per cent. ad val. the price of bar iron was from 90 to 95 dollars, the ton; in 1816, the duty was 9 dollars, and the price 110 to 120; in 1824, the duty was 18, and the price 90 dollars; in 1832, the duty is $22 40, and the price 80 dollars and a yet reduced value is universally expected by the iron makers, and will soon happen-if the present state of things are suffered to continue. 03 And so the manufacturer, not only converted the raw cotton into cotton cloths for nothing, but actually lost of a cent per yard-the material and the "tax" amounting to so much more than the merchant paid for them! We therefore propound this question to the learned presidents and professors in the colleges of South Carolina and Virginia, and elsewhere If the cotton manufacturer works for nothing, and loses, besides, three-fourths of a cent on every yard of goods sent from his mill--how much per cent. profit will he make on his capital, annually? Mr. Tyler's speech is filled with such presentations, because of his want of practical knowledge and neglect to commune with practical men, who would not advisedly tell that which is not true to possess a large slice of the "ancient dominion." But we must conclude, with one Will some president or professor answer? If the theo more remark. About seven-eighths of the whole value ry of the "free trade" school is worth as much as a yard of the iron manufacture in the United States belongs to of cotton cloth,-no difficulty can present itself in answerthe proprietors of lands or passes into the pockets of the ing this question; no proposition in Euclid may be more agriculturalists, form ill seats, materials and subsistence. clearly demonstrated! Nay, it must be as simple as the When wheat is worth what we should call the high price manner in which little children are taught to count two6s. 3d. in England, or 150* cents a bushel, the duty on our by placing one apple by the side of another apple on a ta¬ flour is $5 98, say six dollars a barrel. We ask Mr.ble, and shewing how, this being joined to that, two apTyler whether something may not be claimed for the ples are present. THE PRINCIPLE MUST HOLD GOOD! American farmer, at home, to meet the TOTAL PROHIBI- But is it not a shame that, with many facts like that TION of the consumption of his chief product abroad. above presented, before us-persons should be found harLet him answer-let him answer! dy enough to pretend that duties must needs be taxes? Yet Mr. Raguet will still say that on "every cradle worth ten dollars there is a tax of three dollars" and the Englishman Sarchett, (the witness of a committee of the senate of the United States!) assert, that not so much American iron reaches the sea-board, as is manufactured in the single state of New Jersey, and there are many who will believe them, and “nullificate" common sense. How is it in beloved England, in which more copper and brass is manufactured than in any other country? The duty on copper manufactures is prohibitory, and so are those of foreign brass, there being a full supply at home! Fifty like cases might be put down as fast as we could write them out. NOTE B―OR THE MIRACULOUS! The American ship Jeannet lately cleared at Savannah for Liverpool, with 889 bales of upland cotton, and one hundred and twenty-two bales of HOME-MADE cotton goods, for MANILLA, to which place the Jeannet will proceed from Liverpool. Now, though a foreign minister of the United States may have doubted whether Copenhagen was in Sweden or Denmark, we venture to guess that Manilla is one of the fardistant Phillippine islands, located to the eastward of China! And we challenge the whole "free trade" party in *The exchange added as an honest man would have added 10 per cent. to the table of prices of iron at Liverpool, given in the table. The figures are, at least so far, untrue. We are sure that Mr. Tyler did'nt know this!and the "free trade" editors will take care that their people shall not know it. The £ sterling is 488 cents. THE VICE PRESIDENCY. In another place will be found the proceedings of the late Pennsylvania convention, at which Mr. Wilkins was nominated for the vice presiden |