MR. JAMES BROWN LORD.

support the cornice. Above them is the group of Peace," by Carl Bitter. To the left is

Confucius," by Philip Martiny. The right

arm and the embroidered sleeve that covers it are finely modeled. To the right of "Peace" is the figure of Moses," by William Couper.

As we enter the building, we see opposite the doorway a narrow frieze painted in the Pompeiian manner, with flat tints of frank greens, yellows, and blues. It is The Laws of Nations," by H. Siddons Mowbray, and shows his inimitable draughtsmanship. By some peculiar chronology, it begins with Mosaic law; then Egyptian, Greek, Roman, law in the abstract; Byzantian, Norman, and common law; a winged female figure, carrying a scroll, connects the different periods. At first sight the decoration is stiff and flat, and the more animated groups of Robert Reid and of W. L. Metcalf seem of greater interest; though, in reality, they have the character of large easel paintings, while Mr. Mowbray's painting is essentially mural decoration. The figures of Justice" and "Law," by C. Y. Turner, are opposite on the southern wall. The courtroom is lit by a round dome of white

NEW YORK APPELLATE COURT-HOUSE.

(Twenty-fifth Street façade.)

by Edwin H. Blashfield. It shows saliently his love of the Renaissance detail, and no familiar modernity of type disturbs its ideal

sentiment.

66

On the left, E. II. Simmons' Justice" stands with her arms round the shoulders of " Peace" and Plenty." Plenty" holds fruit, and to her right are a laborer and his wife with a baby in her arms, and at her feet a child is playing with a rabbit, with its pink eyes particularly well painted, and a fox. In the brocade draperies of Peace" and Plenty" Mr. Simmons has done his best painting; the color is of a russet tint, in perfect harmony with the marble of the walls. In Mr. Walker's central panel,

JEWISH LAWGIVER-"MOSES." BY WILLIAM COUPER.

The judges' dais. is of dark carved oak. The ceilings of both courtroom and the entrancehall are embossed gold, in perfect keeping with the dark saffron Siena marble, of which all the walls are constructed. Though the sumptuousness of the gold decoration perhaps pleases the average

ENTRANCE FIGURE "WISDOM."
BY H. W. RUCKSTUHL.

visitor most, it is a less intellectual kind of ornament than the paintings. Now our painters have only arrived at success in giving intellectual pleasure through their study of nature. Had they been content to mechanically repeat stock forms of their predecessors, no matter how beautiful their color, their work would be tame in comparison with the present result. And it is to be hoped that subsequent American architects. may approach an American form of architecture -retaining, perhaps, the proportions of the classical, but adding American motives in detail and ornament and enrich the interiors, not with the classical egg and dart and acanthus, but with apple and pine and oak motives modeled by American artist-artisans from nature, so that every detail may bear the ear marks of a "temperament."

It has been remarked that Mr. Lord is not, like most of his contemporaries, a Parisian-trained architect. A Princeton graduate, he received his architectural training in New York; but it must

be recorded that he has made use of foreign travel-going, when the Court-house was under consideration, to inspect French municipal buildings, and reconsidering his design in consequence.

In the details of the interior, Mr. Lord has with great acuteness given us a full measure of ornament, without letting the ornamentation encroach upon utility. The elevator does not seem like a packing-box in a parlor, but harmonizes with the rectilineal features of the hall that are accented by the use of pilastered piers.

In the list of examples of imposing architecture that have been erected in New York in recent years, the Columbia College Library, by McKim, Mead, and White; St. Luke's Hospital, by Ernest Flagg; Manhattan Hotel, by J. H. Hardenberg, and the new wing of the Metropolitan Museum, by Richard M. and R. H. Hunt, belongs the Appellate Court-house, by this young architect, who promises to become the American Palladio.

WH

HERE, fifty years ago, in the dense pine forests of western Michigan, there was a pioneer village of a few hundred people: where, twenty years ago, was a bustling lumbering town, with forty-five sawmills, a population of 11,000, and, for a few brief years, the fame of cutting 700,000,000 feet of lumber annually, making it the largest primary lumber market in the world,-stands to-day, on a bay at the mouth of the Muskegon River, the city of Muskegon, with a fine harbor and a population of 25,000. In most respects, it differs little from many other lake and lumber towns.

Since the decadence of the lumber industry, it has been built up by general manufacturing and trade. During the earlier days many fortunes were made here, and taken away by their possessors to other and larger cities to be invested and enjoyed. A few, however, of the older generation have remained and help make the new Muskegon. Foremost of these is Charles H. Hackley, whose gifts to the city give Muskegon its unique character.

Mr. Hackley came to this place in 1856, at the age of 19 years, and began to work in a sawmill as a day-laborer. His energy, integrity,

tact, shrewdness, and the wise use of great opportunities have enabled him to reach a high place as a man of business and capitalist. Bat it is not in his accumulations, but in his distributions, that Mr. Hackley is notable. Within the past twelve years, outside of his private charities, he has used over $500,000 in promoting the higher life of the city-by beautifying it, adding to its intellectual and educational facilities, and stimulating the patriotism of the people by great works of art.

His first gift to the city, made in 1888, was free public library, in which are now over 30,000 volumes and 10,000 pamphlets, costing $125,000. In 1889 he bought up a block in the center of the city and transformed it into a park, with a soldier's monument in the center. Two years ago, he authorized a committee to erect bronze statues of Lincoln, Grant, Farragut, and Sherman in this park. These figures-the Lincoln and Farragut, by Charles Niehaus; the Grant and Sherman, by J. Massey Rhind, both eminent

sculptors of New York-are now in place, and were both unveiled with appropriate ceremonies on May 30, ex-Senator John Patton, of Michigan, delivering the oration. As works of art these compare favorably with anything in this country. The park is endowed, and the total expenditure upon it has been $110,000.

In 1891 he presented the board of education of the city with $75,000, to be used as an endowment fund for the library. This fund was used by the board to erect two handsome school buildings, one of which bears Mr. Hackley's

name.

In 1895 he announced his intention to erect a manual-training school, wherein the boys and girls of the city of Muskegon may receive, free of charge, such instruction and training as is

STATUE OF GENERAL GRANT. BY J. MASSEY RHIND.

afforded in manual-training schools of the best class in this country."

This building, completely equipped, cost $70,000, and $30,000 more will be spent in enlarg ing it in the immediate future. Mr. Hackley has paid the entire cost of maintaining this school, and has provided an ample endowment.

In the library, the schools, and the park, with their endowments, considerably over $500,000 has been expended.

Only the first-fruits of this wise and generous outlay have been seen as yet, but these are prophetic of a great return in future years. Meanwhile, in the gratitude and esteem of his fellow. citizens, and the satisfaction of seeing his money do its beneficent work, Mr. Hackley is enjoying his later years as few millionaires do.