M

THE CENTURY.

RS. AMELIA GERE MASON writes, in the August Century, of "The Decadence of Manners," and she is especially hard on the modern girl. With an apology to the many exceptions, she says:

"This typical girl of the day puts on mannish airs with mannish clothes, spices her talk with slang, not always of the choicest-tosses her pretty head in proud defiance as she puts down her parents, her elders, and her superiors; indeed, she admits no superiors, though this scion of equality does admit inferiors and snubs them without mercy,-pronounces a final opinion on subjects of which she does not know even the alphabet; shows neither respect for white hairs nor consideration for favors which she claims as a right, and calls all this 'swell,' or 'smart,' and a proper expression of her fashionable, or unfashionable, independence."

66

Mr. John Burroughs, the naturalist-poet, who was a member of the Harriman Expedition to the Northwest, describes his experiences in that party under the title 'Summer Holidays in Alaskan Waters." A large part of his story is taken up with the island of Kadiak and the region thereabouts. The village of Kadiak is a place of 700 or 800 people, with only a sprinkling of Americans, and is, according to Mr. Burroughs, a most peaceful, rural, and Arcadia-like place. The winters are not very cold, seldom below zero, and the summers are not hot, rarely up to 80. Mr. Booker T. Washington, principal of the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute, and one of the most eminent men of the negro race in America to-day, writes on "The Montgomery Race Conference," recently held in Alabama. Mr. Washington thinks that this conference helps in large measure the "Silent South;" and he gives the conference much importance, because the white man of the South must, of course, be a very important factor in any settlement of the race problem. Mr. Washington feels that the Montgomery Conference has served a very useful purpose, and that it will lead to a very useful first-hand investigation of the negro's real condition.

H

HARPER'S MAGAZINE.

ARPER'S MAGAZINE for August is, like most of the popular illustrated magazines, very largely given over to fiction and lighter features appropriate to the midsummer season. In an essay on "English and American Elections," Mr. Sydney Brooks calls America the paradise of the political speaker. "The people in front of him are all of his way of thinking, and whatever he says 'goes.' He is never interrupted, or howled down, or forced to explain things, or dragged into an argument. He would be as surprised as the parson in his pulpit to have any of his statements questioned. In England things are far otherwise. If an English audience does not like a speaker or the manner of his speech, it tells him so at once; that saves a lot of time, and teaches a public man to respect his listeners."

AN AFRICAN JOURNEY.

Capt. M. S. Wellby contributes to the number an excellent travel sketch, "Among Central African Savages," descriptive of his experiences last year in the

vast expanse of unknown country lying between the Abyssinian capital and the White Nile. One of the strange sights he tells of is the giant tribe of Turkanas. After traveling through the wilderness, his party reached the edge of a forest, and found traces of camels and human beings. A little way in the wood they came across men of this tribe, who showed fear and curiosity rather than hostility. He describes them as men of prodigious size, many of them actually giants, with a mass of thick, carefully woven hair hanging over their broad shoulders, right down to the waist. They carried extraordinarily long spears, and were magnificent specimens of savage strength.

SCRIBNER'S MAGAZINE.

HE August Scribner's is the fiction number of that periodical, which comes annually in that month. There are short stories by Albert Bigelow Paine, James Raymond Perry, George Hibbard, and a very striking series of illustrations in color, giving midsummer sentiments, drawn by Henry McCarter. Mr. Ernest SetonThompson begins the number with his story of a coyote, "Tito;" and besides this the only imaginative article of the number is Mr. Richard Harding Davis' "Pretoria in War Time." Mr. Davis writes of Pretoria as he saw it before its evacuation by the Boers, but after most of the important actions of the war. Mr. Davis' interest was, of course, challenged chiefly by the personality of Paul Krüger, whom he interviewed. He says that the Boer President is to-day the man of the greatest interest to all the world-" a man who, while he will probably rank as a statesman with Lincoln, Bismarck, and Gladstone, lives in the capital of his republic as simply as a village lawyer." Of President Krüger personally, Mr. Davis says: "The thing that impressed me first was that, in spite of his many years, his great frame and height gave you an impression of strength and power which was increased by the force he was able to put into his gestures. He gesticulated awkwardly, but with the vigor of a young man, throwing out his hand as if he were pitching a quoit, and opening his great fingers and clinching them again in a menacing fist with which he struck upon his knee. When he spoke he looked neither at the state secretary nor at me, but out into the street; and when he did look at one, his eyes held no expression, but were like those in a jadeidol. His whole face-chiefly, I think, because of the eyes-was like a heavy waxen mask. In speaking, his lips moved, and most violently, but every other feature of his face remained absolutely set. In his ears he wore little gold rings; and his eyes, which were red and seared with some disease, were protected from the light by great gold-rimmed spectacles of dark glass with wire screens.

M'CLURE'S MAGAZINE.

N the August McClure's, there are articles by Lieutenant-Commander Gillmore, describing his experiences as a captive among the Filipinos, and by J. D. Whelpley, telling of Russia's proposition to the United States to make an international wheat corner, which we have quoted in another department. A series of stories begins, "True Stories from the Under-World," by Josiah

Flynt and Francis Walton-men who have spent many years in studying the criminal classes by living among them. The first story is called "In the Matter of 'His Nibs,'" and gives a graphic conception of the way justice is meted out to criminals in New York when the criminal's victim has a pull. An unusual magazine feature is contributed by Mr. William D. Hulbert, in his "Pointers from a Porcupine Quill," and Mr. Dugmore, in illustrations from photographs of wild porcupines he has taken to explain Mr. Hulbert's text. The present prevailing taste for nature study will have no better food than such animal character sketches as Mr. Hulbert's. The remainder of the magazine is taken up with short stories, and with the Rev. John Watson's "The Life of the Master," which has reached the period in Christ's life of the warning to the rich and the home at Bethany.

THE COSMOPOLITAN.

N the August Cosmopolitan, Mr. John Brisben Walker heads his arraignment of England with the title, "The Republic of the United States of Great Britain." He quotes Victor Hugo's prophecy that "England, the oligarchy, will perish by violence as Venice died; England, the people, is immortal." He says that the thinkers of the world who most admire the English people have watched eagerly the fight in South Africa, in the hope that the beginning of Victor Hugo's prediction was at hand. Mr. Walker thinks it is only a question of time when England will take a republican form of government, and that it will probably be a great shock, arising, perhaps, from some international complication, which will bring about the change. Mr. Walker contends that Great Britain has no more right to be in power in India than she has to be in power in Japan, and that if she were not in India that country would work out its salvation as Japan is doing. He believes that the fight of the Boers was, perhaps unconsciously, for two great republics that are certain to come-the republic of the United South African States and the republic of the United States of Great Britain.

IS THIS THE LAST PARIS EXPOSITION?

The August number of the Cosmopolitan opens with an article by Mr. Stead on the Paris Exposition, in which he says that, strange as it may seem, the exposition is much more popular with visitors than with Parisians. It is now quite possible that this may be the last world's show held in Paris. England began the series of international expositions in 1851; but since then Paris, as the world capital, has been regarded as the natural site of all such world's fairs. Now, however, in the opinion of many Parisians, it is time for other countries to undertake the duty. So general is this feeling, that there are some who attribute the defeat of the Republicans by the Nationalists at the recent municipal elections in no small measure to the unpopularity of the Exposition. A very shrewd and dispassionate observer, whose position as the conductor of a widely circulated review brings him into close touch with every shade of political and social opinion, has given it as his opinion that there will be no more expositions in Paris. This writer, whom Mr. Stead quotes at length, thinks that the effect of the exhibitions on Paris are by no means wholesome. The exposition time is nothing more than a prolonged fête, in which every one is more or less given up to pleasure-seeking; and

this is not conducive to health, by any means, when taken in such large doses.

WHAT THE WAR HAS DONE FOR SOUTH AFRICA. Mr. Frank R. Roberson, in his article "With Boer and Briton," gives an inside view of the fighting camps and the fighting leaders of both sides in South Africa. He says the conclusion of the war will be the startingpoint of new enterprises and enormous developments of trade and commerce all over the world with South Africa, from the Zambesi to the Cape. "It behooves the United States not to be left behind in the general competition for the good things which this country has to offer. The prevailing feeling in South Africa is that the war has been a godsend. It has given the British army an experience it could not otherwise have attained. It has taught the Boer much, enlarged his horizon, and will eventually lessen his hatred of the individual Englishman and increase his own comforts and liberties."

T'

LIPPINCOTT'S MAGAZINE.

HE August Lippincott's begins, as usual, with a complete novel-"The Sign of the Seven Sins," by Mr. William Le Queux. A chapter from Virginia T. Peacock's forthcoming volume, "Belles of America," is printed, giving a sketch of the life of Theodosia Burr, the daughter of Aaron Burr, and the great favorite of that curious man. From the time Theodosia Burr reached her fourteenth year she had her place at the head of her father's household, and was his inseparable companion, "her playful wit illuminating his powers of relaxation; her steadfast courage and strength, her very presence, constituting the most powerful bulwark of his defense in the darkest hours of his life."

One of the last pieces of work of the late Stephen Crane is printed in this number of Lippincott's, in the series which that writer was contributing on “Great Battles of the World." Crane calls this "A Swede's Campaign in Germany"-the invasion of the Teutonic territory by Gustavus Adolphus in 1630. There is a short story by E. F. Benson, the author of "Dodo,” and other contributions of fiction and verse.

IN

OUTING.

N the August Outing, Mr. Duffield Osborne undertakes a serious task in attempting to give a prescription for "A Common-Sense Swimming Lesson that will be appropriate for a timid, nervous woman or a delicate child. Mr. Osborne boldly says that the accepted methods of teaching swimming, by taking the pupil into water three feet or more deep and explaining the motions of the breast-stroke, are entirely wrong. He assumes that the desirable thing is to get the pupil to attain the instinctive, natural mode of swimming, which nearly all animals have. He argues that this instinctive motion of animals in water is to kick out the legs alternately and paddle with the arms; in other words, the "dog-fashion" swimming, which one can see practised wherever boys get a holiday near the water in the summer-time. "Take your pupil, then," he says, "in about three and a half or four feet of water; impress upon her the fact that almost any motion of hands and feet will keep her mouth above water; then show her the dog-fashion' movement, and see that she understands it as far as the action of her hands is concerned. Tell her all she needs to do with her feet

is to kick them out slowly and alternately. You will be surprised to find how readily she takes to it. Now, promise her that you will not let her go under, and hook one finger in her belt behind; then tell her to strike out slowly, as directed." Mr. Osborne contends that every one ought to know how to swim, and that it is easy to teach any one by this method.

THE HOUSE-BOAT FOR AMERICANS.

Mr. Charles Ledyard Norton writes on "The Practical House-boat," and advocates that method of recreation as highly appropriate to American uses as well as to the English. He says it is possible to build a onestoried structure twelve feet by thirty, and, say, seven or eight feet high, for about $300. This may be floated on anything from pine logs, at $2.50 apiece, or empty oil-barrels, up to a handsome vessel. With such an aquatic edifice the St. Lawrence and the Shrewsbury rivers in summer, and the narrow bays and inlets of Florida in winter, can be navigated with great safety and pleasure; and Mr. Norton highly commends this way of taking a vacation for those who care for the water, and who do not wish to spend a great deal of money. He says that no less than eighteen persons can live comfortably on a house-boat of moderate proportions. There are many features in this number of Outing appealing especially to sportsmen, and nearly all of them are very handsomely illustrated. One of the most striking contributions is Mr. A. Henry Savage Landor's description of "Racing for the Kata," in which he describes the sports of the Tibetans.

M

MUNSEY'S MAGAZINE.

That

UNSEY'S for August opens with a very comprehensive and beautifully illustrated article, "His Majesty the Thoroughbred," by Harry P. Mawson, in which the story of the racing horse is told from the time he is foaled until he is a champion. The American thoroughbred horse has been in development about four hundred years, since his remote ancestor was brought to the New World by the early settlers in Virginia. The South has, indeed, always been the real home of the race-horse, though it was in the North that racing first became a business. Mr. Mawson warns us against the error of calling the American trotter a thoroughbred. title applies properly only to the running horse. The trotter can be "standard bred," but no more. The best trotters have, however, a strong infusion of thoroughbred blood in their veins. Mr. Mawson says that on the stock-farms of California, Montana, Virginia, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, New York, and New Jersey, where the champion race horses are produced, it is necessary to spend $125 for the actual expenses of a colt's first year. This does not take into consideration interest on the investment, insurance, and the many serious losses. The stock-raiser has to sell his colt at a year old for $500 in order to make a profit. About one in ten of the well-bred yearlings develops into a race-horse, so that the people who pay the $500 do not average up very well. Mr. Mawson tells us that the famous racing men of America, August Belmont, William C. Whitney, the Messrs. Keene, and Pierre Lorillard, spend from $50,000 to $75,000 each per year to gratify their love for thoroughbreds, and that their compensation comes chiefly in satisfying their ambition to win races with thoroughbreds raised on their own stock-farms, and to maintain a high standard of the sport in this country.

HOW TRAIN SCHEDULES ARE MADE.

Mr. Herbert E. Hamblen, the railway engineer-novelist, explains the complicated mysteries of "Running a Train." He says that days and weeks before a new train is put on the schedule the general and division superintendents strain their minds in devising ways and means to get the new train over the road in the time demanded without disrupting the existing harmony. It is absolutely impossible for the human brain to successfully cope with the tangled mess of trains, stations, and times, and the general superintendent and his people have recourse to mechanical aid.

"A board is prepared with a set of parallel lines drawn vertically across it. Each line represents a station on the road. Another set of lines cross the first at right angles. Each of these represents a minute in the twenty-four-hour day; therefore, there are 1,440 of them. At the intersection of the lines, holes are made to receive pins with colored heads, each color representing a certain train.

"Now, let us suppose that train No. 1 leaves New York at 1.05 A.M. The pin whose color represents that train is inserted in the hole where the 1.05 A.M. line crosses the New York line, and a thread of the same color is hitched to it. It is now a very simple matter to go on putting pins in the station-holes where the train's time-line intersects the station-line. By carrying the thread along with the pins, the train's diagonal course across the board is easily followed."

THE JEWISH COLONY IN NEW YORK.

Katherine Hoffman, in her descriptive article on the New York Ghetto, gives a good picture of "Little Russia," on the lower east side of New York, where most of the immigrant Hebrews have settled. This community leads the orthodox Jewish life, their domestic affairs being almost as largely determined by the Hebraic law as are their public ceremonials. The writer says that it is only among the first generation that the peculiarly Jewish customs prevail. Children born in this country generally adopt its conventional ways; the youths shave, girls wear hats, and year by year there is less to mark the children of the Ghetto from the sons and daughters of the world beyond the Ghetto.

THE PORTO RICAN AS A CITIZEN.

Gen. Roy Stone, in his article on "Porto Rico and Its Future," attempts to do away with the idea in America that the Porto Rican is almost savage, He believes that while inferior to the average American in energy and education, the islander is our superior in courtesy and hospitality; that he makes an excellent soldier and a good laborer, and that he will in time be a very creditable American citizen.

THE LADIES' HOME JOURNAL.

HE Ladies' Home Journal is more than usually

of the lighter features appropriate for vacation time. An excellent piece of nature study is Alaric Stone's "My Summer with Some Chipmunks." "A Girl College Graduate" collects some very amusing stories of "College Girls' Larks and Pranks," which show that in ingenuity and daring the softer sex is but little behind the college boy when it comes to having fun. Mr. Samuel S. Kingdon tells of "The Haunted Houses of New England," and Mrs. Hermann Kotzschmar gives,

with very pretty sentiment, "The Story of a Song". Schubert's "My Lady Sleeps." In his series of articles "A Missionary in the Great West," Mr. Cyrus Townsend Brady gives an impressive idea of the hardships that the Western bishops have to endure. He says the Western dioceses are bishop-killers at best. "No, that is unjust; it is the Church herself which kills her bishops. She puts them in positions where their facilities are taxed to the utmost. Naturally, she gives them rank, position, a bare living; and then loads upon their shoulders, if they be men, as they always are, who see the opportunities, grasp the responsibilities, and endeavor to fulfill the obligations of their positions, burdens too heavy for any mortal man to bear. She provides them with little money-a mere pittance, indeed, in comparison with their needs; gives them a few men, not always those that are best suited to effectually advance the work, and expects them to go forward.”

HOW COLLEGE GIRLS EARN THEIR EXPENSES. A graduate of Cornell University tells many ways by which a girl can work her way through college. Some of these ways are by teaching dancing and piano. playing, working for the university in the general and department libraries or the telephone office, playing the gymnasium piano, singing in the university choir, caring for laboratory apparatus, doing clerical work for professors and the university authorities, and answering the night-bells in the dormitories. There are free scholarships and valuable prizes for apt pupils; and among many other forms of employment this writer cites hair-dressing, conducting an agency for ladies' clothes, selling letter-paper, gloves, etc., and cleaning and mending. Then some clever verse-makers make part of their expenses by writing advertisements; others, with the artistic sense, sell cover designs; and, in short, it seems that there is scarcely a thing a woman can do which is not now considered appropriate and effective in helping a girl to go through college.

PRES

THE ATLANTIC MONTHLY.

RESIDENT ARTHUR T. HADLEY, of Yale, opens the Atlantic Monthly for August with an article on "Political Education." He notes the growing demand on our schools and colleges for a fuller political education, in consequence of the danger of the constant pressure toward specialized training in its sacrifice of the general basis of higher education. He recognizes the high importance of training for citizenship, but he calls special attention to the danger of mistakes as to the particular kind of training which will really secure the result we desire. In the first place, he contends that true political education is not by any means a study of facts about civil government. A man might possess a vast knowledge with regard to the workings of our social and political machinery and yet be absolutely untrained in those things which make a good citizen." In short, President Hadley contends that it is character and an enlightened public opinion which make good government possible, and not by any means a special knowledge of the science of civics.

SUBMARINE TRIANGULATION.

Mr. Sylvester Baxter gives a very interesting expla nation of a new system of submarine signaling-a modern method by which a vessel entering a harbor in driving storms or puzzling fogs is able to determine her

position by acoustic triangulation. The system has been elaborated by Mr. Arthur J. Mundy, of Boston. By this system a bell is rung by electrical communications under water, from the vessel which desires to determine its exact position. By a formula easy of application for even the most unlettered mariners, the ves sel's position is reckoned by observing sound-signals transmitted from stations erected off the entrance of the harbor, on just the same principle that surveyors are enabled to fix very definitely the location of any point where they may chance to be by determining its relation to the position of three other points in sight whose location is known with exactness.

OTHER ARTICLES.

Mr. Rollin L. Hartt describes "The Iowans," the agriculturist inhabitants of a State without cities-a State that will build a $3,000,000 State capital and not steal a penny; a State absolutely free of debt; a State which Mr. Hartt puts in three words: corn, cow, and hog;-just as Scotland was put in five words: Scott, Burns, heather, whiskey, and religion. Mr. Frederic Bancroft, the historian, writing on "Some Radicals as Statesmen," estimates in historical perspective the figures of Chase, Sumner, Adams, and Stevens. We have reviewed in another department Prof. Mark B. Dunnell's article on "Our Rights in China."

THE FORUM.

N our department of "Leading Articles of the

paper on "Our Relations with Germany," and with the articles on "Kiaochou: A German Colonial Experiment," and "Chinese Civilization: The Ideal and the Actual," by Mr. Charles Denby, Jr., and Dr. D. Z. Sheffield, respectively, appearing in the July number of the Forum.

THE SINGLE TAX IN ENGLISH POLITICS.

One of the most interesting articles in this number is contributed by Mr. Thomas Burke, a member of the Liverpool Municipal Council, on the subject of "Social Reform and the General Election." In Mr. Burke's opinion, the approaching general election in England, but for the outbreak of hostilities between Great Britain and the South African republics, would have been fought on the question of the taxation of land values. The prominence of this question in British politics at the present time is rather difficult to explain, but Mr. Burke shows that the single tax is regarded by large numbers of the British working classes as the root of the whole movement for social reform. As Mr. Burke puts it: "The strength of the movement so far has laid in the growing needs of the large towns, the growth of taxation, the serious problem of housing the working classes, the provision of open spaces, etc.-matters to which it is very difficult to give a partisan twist. At the same time it is beyond dispute that the Liberal party is much more advanced on this question than its opponents, who are hampered by the great landownersTories for the most part; and there is no doubt that the Liberals would have made it their battle-cry but for the turn events have taken in South Africa." Mr. Burke states the main causes for the interest taken in the land question, which has come to be regarded as a great moral movement rather than a political one, as “*(1) the gradual decrease in the acreage under cultivation; (2)

the crowding of the great cities, with the inevitable casual labor and the concomitant evil of drink; and (3) the bad housing of the poor, which is the certain result of our present unsatisfactory land system."

AMERICAN SHIPPING SUBSIDIES.

The Hon. Eugene T. Chamberlain, United States Commissioner of Navigation, writes an able defense of the shipping subsidy bill, concluding as follows: "The probability of the enactment of the shipping subsidy bill lies in these facts: (1) that the growth of manufactures and agriculture have given to ocean transportation a position in the minds of the people hitherto held almost exclusively by railroad problems; (2) that industrial conditions insure its success; and (3) that the bill itself is the result of more thorough investigation than the subject has ever before demanded and received."

HISTORY OF THE PASSION PLAY.

Dr. Hans Devrient contributes an interesting historical study of the Passion Play at Oberammergau. It seems that the Passion Play was furnished to the people of Oberammergau by the clergy of the Imperial monastery of Ettal. The play originated at Augsburg, from which city an old commercial highway led over the mountains to Innsbrück and Venice. Oberammergau acquired the text of the present play, preserved in a manuscript of 1662. Dr. Devrient thinks that the Oberammergau play may be accepted as a type embodying the salient features of all the sacred dramas of medieval times. In Dr. Devrient's opinion, the performances at Oberammergau are chiefly notable for their simplicity and sincerity of purpose. "Indeed, wherever an effort has been made to instruct these good people in the technique of acting the charm has been broken, and the insufficiency of the achievement has become painfully evident."

A SUGGESTION TOWARD FIRE PROTECTION.

"Lessons of the $175,000,000 Ash Heap" is the subject of an article by Mr. William J. Boies, who undertakes to show that a stand-pipe system of forcing water to the top of tall buildings would save millions of dollars every year, now lost through destruction by fire in our great cities. Mr., Boies describes the proposed system as follows: "The stand-pipe service is very simple, consisting of little more than two fair-sized iron pipes connected with the water system and extending from the cellar to the roof of a tall building. The pipes are penetrated at the curb by two openings affording nozzle connection with a fire-engine in the street; so that, when the firemen arrive, they have merely to run the hose a distance of fifteen or twenty feet from the engine to the standpipe, send a few men to the roof to handle the equipment there, turn on the pressure, and begin the work of extinguishing. This service might be supplemented, in the case of very large buildings, by stationary engines and independent pumping plants, which could be utilized in emergencies."

THE ALLEGED INCREASE IN CRIME.

Prof. Roland P. Falkner, of the University of Pennsylvania, attempts an answer to the question, "Is Crime Increasing?" After a careful study of the figures on which are based most of the current statements to the effect that crime in the United States is on the increase, Professor Falkner has reached the conclusion that "crime in the broadest sense, including all

offenses punished by law, has probably increased slightly in the last twenty-five years. On the other hand, crime in its deeper moral sense, as we are apt to picture it, has decreased. Changes in our environment, not changes in our moral standards, have multiplied minor offenses. The increase of crime which our modern life reveals is thus a social and not a moral phenomenon."

OUR NATIONAL EXPANSION.

In the first of a series of papers on "The United States as a World Power," Mr. Charles A. Conant states the economic and political problem before this country as "to attain the greatest producing capacity by the efficiency of competitive machinery and labor, while on the political side it is to keep open the opportunity for the free play of this competitive power in the world's markets." The controlling element of the economic problem Mr. Conant finds to be the increased severity of competition, due to a combination of such factors as the division of labor, the development of machinery, the growth of capital, and the revolution in the means of transportation. Capt. Ferdinand L. Clarke, under the title of "Hawaii's Real Story," relates the history of the islands from the landing of American missionaries to the present time.

UNCLE SAM AS A PAYMASTER.

To the question, "Does Government Service Pay?" Mr. A. Maurice Low gives a twofold answer. He says: "It pays the beginner very well, and the man of experience indifferently. Curiously enough, it is the only business or profession offering no incentive to excel. In fact, the clerk of mediocre abilities, who is just able to perform his duty, is better off than the one who exhibits talents of a marked order and is eager to gain promotion." Thus a clerk who receives an appointment worth $1,000 a year gets about twice as much as he would receive in other employment, while a bureau chief may be a man of various abilities, receiving a salary of $2,500 to $3,000, very much less than he would get in other employment.

Mr. Henry Litchfield West reviews "American Outdoor Literature" from the critical point of view.

E

THE NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. LSEWHERE we have quoted at some length from Mr. Poultney Bigelow's paper on "Missions and Missionaries in China," in the July number of the North American. We have also quoted from the article entitled "Mutual Heipfulness Between China and the United States," contributed by his Excellency, Wu Ting-Fang, the Chinese minister to this country.

In a paper on "The Struggle for Reform," Mr. Charles Johnston, who for many years has made a special study of affairs in the far East, describes the various internal forces that have recently worked in the direction of revolution in China.

"IMPERIALISM" IN THE PRESENT CAMPAIGN. Gen. C. H. Grosvenor gives "A Republican View of the Presidential Campaign." General Grosvenor replies to Mr. Bryan's charges of imperialism brought against the McKinley Administration by recalling the fact that when the Paris Treaty was before the United States Senate for ratification Mr. Bryan used his personal influence with Democratic Senators to secure its ratification. "At the door of the present Populist candidate