ter and wider scope must precede and accompany temperance reform; universal education and a coöperative industrial system are demanded, and these can only be brought about after long agitation. In the meantime, the efforts of the temperance reformers to secure improved legislation must be futile.

INCENTIVE TO EXERTION IN THE SOCIALISTIC STATE.

An able plea for state socialism is put forth by Mr. Herman Whitaker. To the question, What, under Socialism, will be the incentive to exertion? this writer makes a threefold answer-(1) that the problem is not a question of biology, but of economics-in other words, the evolution of society is driving us to collectivism, whether or not that conclusion is opposed to the laws of life; (2) that the industries conducted by the governments of different countries turn out work equal, if not superior, to the same class of work turned out by private firms; (3) that fear of dismissal and hope of reward are the incentives that move to action the lower classes in existing society, while the same incentives spur to action those in government employ.

EARLY RETIREMENT FROM BUSINESS.

Mr. Townsend Cushman sets forth some of the advantages of a general introduction of the custom of business men retiring early in life-i.e., as soon as possible after the apex of prosperity has been reached; as a rule, in the middle period of their existence. Literature, science, and art would be recruited from this source, and the government would get the service of many of the ablest and most responsible citizens of the state.

AMERICAN RURAL LIFE.

Mr. Kenyon L. Butterfield contributes a hopeful paper on "The Expansion of Farm Life." Among the grounds of this writer's optimism are the facts that thousands of farmers are now farming on a scientific basis; that the number of specialists among farmers is increasing; that new methods are rapidly adopted-as, for example, the coöperative creamery; and that, in general, the idea of intensive farming is gaining. Various agencies offer to farmers better opportunities for mental and business training. The agricultural press of the country, farmers' institutes, bulletins issued by the Government experiment station, special winter courses at the agricultural colleges, the regular work of these colleges, "extension" instruction, and a growing technical lit erature of agriculture are some of these agencies.

WOMEN AND EDUCATION.

Educational problems of the day, chiefly relating to women, are discussed in three articles, under the heads of "Women as School Officers," by Duane Mowry ; "Sex in Education," by A. L. Mearkle; and "New England Girl Graduates," by M. E. Blood. The latter article contains much interesting information regarding the business opportunities of educated young women.

OTHER ARTICLES.

Mr. William Trowbridge Larned contributes an entertaining study of "The Fallible Physician," and May Brown Loomis writes on "The Inner life of the 'Settlement.'" Coupled with Mr. Charles Johnston's article on "The American Psychic Atmosphere," which we have reviewed in our department of "Leading Articles of the Month," is an account of some of our Southwestern American antiquities, by Frances Hart.

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GUNTON'S MAGAZINE.

HE leading article in Gunton's for August is a discussion of "Sound Shipping Protection," by William W. Bates, formerly United States Commissioner of Navigation. Mr. Bates defines "sound shipping protection" as "one or more, or a system of, artificial conditions enforced by the government, the institutions, or the people of a nation favoring the use and employment of its own ships; and, necessarily, impeding, checking, or inhibiting the use and employment of foreign vessels in its own commerce. Its vital principle is discrimination. This may be applied by the government at its own custom-houses; by the boards of trade in their commercial rules; by underwriters in their policies and rates; by register associations in their classification systems, surveys, and ratings; by corporations, firms, and individuals in making engagements; and by other agencies in different ways." Mr. Bates champions this method of dealing with the question of merchant marine as opposed to the subsidy scheme embodied in the bill before Congress. He shows that the bounty policies of France and Italy have not been instrumental in gaining trade for French and Italian ships; but, on the other hand, that the customhouse returns of tonnage taxes paid by vessels of all nations show that since 1893 French vessels have paid each year less and less of proportionate tax, the falling off being 40 per cent., while Italian payments have fallen off 31 per cent.; British payments increasing on the average for that period nearly 4 per cent., although British freighters have neither bounty nor subsidy.

TOPOGRAPHY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT. Mr. J. W. Redway contributes an article on "Effects of Topography on Economic Development," in which he traces the process by which people of different sections of the United States gradually adjusted themselves to their local surroundings. Thus, in New England, the colonists first tried farming, and finding that unremunerative, were led to engage in sea commerce, which naturally concentrated in the harbors of the rugged New England coast. When domestic manufactures began to develop in this country, New England was found to be peculiarly adapted to the establishment of manufacturing plants, because she possessed water-power, and capital was soon invested in mills and factories. In the Appalachian coal regions the manufacture of iron and steel has grown up. As several tons of coal must be used for every ton of metal produced, it is cheaper to ship the iron ore to the coal than to ship the coal to the iron. Hence, the great center of the manufacture of iron and steel must be either in or near the coal mines. But other centers of the industry have sprung up along the Great Lakes, because of the ease and cheapness of transportation of the ore to those points from the mines of northern Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, while the coal is brought by canal barges from the interior.

OTHER ARTICLES.

Leonora B. Halsted writes on "Christendom's Unity and Peril;" Mr. Charles Burr Todd describes "Social Settlements in New York City," and Mr. Moulton Emery contributes the third of his series of articles on the racial origin and composition of the people of the United States, referring to such authorities as Froude, Green, Macaulay, Buckle, Bancroft, Palfrey, Hewitt, Ramsay, Baird, and the reports of the United States Census of 1890, in support of his data.

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THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW.

OREIGN and Imperial questions bulk large in the August number of the Fortnightly. Several of the articles demand separate notice.

"PUT NOT YOUR TRUST IN KAISERS.

"The crux of foreign policy" is the subject of an unsigned essay. The writer holds that "the paramount purpose of our foreign policy must be to find out once for all whether a direct understanding with Russia is possible, or whether a conflict may be reckoned upon as the great certainty of the future, towards which preparation must be bent." He warns England against counting on anything of the nature of an Anglo-German alliance. The policy of Germany is ruled by two ideas: "Austria to be preserved at all hazards as the only natural ally, Russia to be conciliated as the one foe whose enmity under present circumstances might be mortal." England occupies only a third place.

A GOOD WORD FOR FRANCE.

Mr. Richard Davey presents "a few French facts" with the good-natured idea of helping to an appreciation of her better qualities and a charitable view of her faults. As he puts the case, the republic is young"a new steam engine with a somewhat antiquated boiler." "Of the two countries, France and England, France is probably the most practically religious;" her pornographic literature is chiefly for export, and is scarcely read at home; the French army is not dominated by clericalism. What will, perhaps, most surprise English readers is the writer's hopeful view of the French press. Once it was either "frankly Voltairean or frankly clerical." Now le Journal, la Libre Parole, l'Echo de Paris, la Croix (The French War Cry), and a host of other papers which are light and popular, are decent in tone, and offer no outrage to faith and morals. The writer adds:

"With the political spirit of these papers and their numerous imitators I have nothing to say; but I feel certain that they are building up a wholesomer tone in journalism, and possibly the day is not far distant when it will be as difficult to find objectionable papers, caricatures, and novels in France as it is here."

ENGLAND'S GUNS AFLOAT.

Mr. J. Holt Schooling compares the "Armaments of Seven Navies," and generally reaches conclusions gratifying to Englishmen. He says:

"Taking all classes of guns, Great Britain has 36.3 of every 100 guns that exist in the seven navies, as compared with the 30.7 per 100 of France plus Russia; and if we neglect all muzzle-loading guns, then Great Britain has 35.6 out of every 100 guns that form the armaments of the seven Sea Powers. Looking at the above facts, and noting also that our biggest lead over France plus Russia is upon the score of quick-firing guns, one can scarcely avoid the conclusion that these are satisfactory results to have obtained."

He observes also that Russia's battleships and armored cruisers are more numerously armed than those of any other navies.

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT IN DUBLIN !

Judge O'Connor Morris offers a political survey of "Contemporary Ireland." He suggests one remedy for the ignorance of Ireland which is displayed by English

and Scottish legislators, and which forms one of the most pernicious sources of Irish disaffection:

"The result could be of no doubtful good were the Imperial Parliament to hold its sessions in the capital of Ireland at certain intervals of time. . . . The presence in Dublin of the Imperial Parliament would, I am convinced, greatly weaken the cry for home rule."

He presses for a thorough inquiry into the present state of the Irish land system, and for royal favor to descendants of Irish Jacobite nobles.

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THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.

OST of the August number of the Nineteenth Century is occupied with the sensational problems presented by current hostilities, and has been quoted accordingly elsewhere.

THE DEARTH OF CIVIC CONSCIENCE.

The Bishop of Hereford is exercised by the slow growth of moral influence in politics. He attributes it to three causes :

"The Divine Founder of our religion and His apostles deliberately confined their teaching to personal morals.

"Throughout our whole educational system we find very little systematic training in the morals of citizenship.

"All real moral progress is from the individual heart outward, and consequently corporate advance has to wait upon individual advance."

He urges religious teachers to exercise their prophetic vocation, and see to the training of the young in civic ethics.

PROMOTING TRUE REPUBLICANISM."

Mr. Edward J. Hodgson contributes an American view of the Boer War. He holds that the utter unpreparedness of Great Britain for war proves her innocence of any plotting for gold or dominion. He urges :

"On the grounds, then, of justice, freedom, good government, and the advancement of the human race, we are bound to give our sympathy and mora aid to England as once more she battles against the forces of reaction, obstruction, and anti-freedom, and goes forth to supplant governments evolved and maintained by those forces by free, enlightened, and progressive government that aids and encourages the citizen to make the most of his mental and physical powers, instead of cramping and repressing them. . . . So shall we promote true republicanism upon earth."

THE PRESS-GAG IN SOUTH AFRICA.

Sir T. Wemyss Reid protests against "the gag which has been applied with merciless and unprecedented severity to the representatives of the press" in the field of war, whence the shock of Mr. Burdett-Coutts' exposure:

"Not only have their telegrams been mutilated or suppressed altogether, but their letters have been subjected to the most rigorous censorship-a censorship which has certainly not been less severe than that carried out in Russia. The result is that no unpleasant facts have been allowed to leak out, and we have had none of the benefit which the last generation, for example, derived from the presence of the famous correspondent of The Times in the Crimea. I cannot pretend to understand the meekness with which the press has submitted to a censorship that has systematically been

extended to matters that had no direct connection with military movements."

THE IMPERIAL NOTE.

"The Imperial Note in Victorian Poetry" is investigated by Mr. J. A. R. Marriott. He reckons Tennyson, Mr. Newbolt, and Mr. Kipling among the "Imperial Singers," but finds nowhere the characteristic note of the more finely tempered imperialism so delicately suggested as in Browning's "Home Thoughts from the Sea," with the challenge, “Here and there did England help me; how can I help England ?"

THE CONTEMPORARY REVIEW.

HE August number of the Contemporary is prin

complexion, and under these various headings citations have been grouped elsewhere.

SIR ALFRED MILNER.

Mr. F. Edmund Garrett supplies a clever apologia for Sir Alfred Milner and his work. He ridicules the representation of Sir Alfred as "an incompetent, a garbling, a mannerless and hectoring bully," and wonders what diabolic sea-change could have come over one who before he sailed for South Africa was generally applauded as the "finest flower of human culture." His main tribute is given in these sentences:

"Milner has successfully provided the nucleus of a non-Rhodes imperialism. . . . Everybody knows the healthy tendency of Englishmen and Scotsmen to discover dissentients to almost any conceivable opinion which is general enough to seem tyrannous. Here they are in South Africa all united, one may almost say to a man. To-day, for the first time, we have the spectacle of the Dutch split up and the English united. The present unanimous rally, look at it how you will, is a great fact, and a great moral force; it strengthens us to confront the world now, and the future in South Africa; and that rally, as the words it finds nearly always declare, we owe in a near and personal sense to Sir Alfred Milner."

Though the racial spirit has made him less acceptable to the Dutch, Mr. Garrett exults in declaring that Milner has, actually, as the war went on, converted his 'neutrality' premier into an imperial co-worker."

TOLSTOI ON ART AND LIFE.

Aylmer Maude, in taking up the cudgels for Tolstoi's theory of art against malignant reviewers, restates the novelist's definition of art, and his view of life:

"Art is a human activity, consisting in this, that one man consciously, by means of certain external signs, hands on to others feelings he has lived through, and that other people are infected by these feelings, and also experience them.

"The religious perception of our time, in its widest and most practical application, is the consciousness that our well-being, both material and spiritual, individual and collective, temporal and eternal, lies in the growth of brotherhood among all men-in their loving harmony with one another."

OTHER ARTICLES.

Mr. Robert Donald repels, point by point, Lord Avebury's attack on municipal trading, and by a wide survey of actual municipal achievement proves his fears to be ill-grounded.

Mr. W. H. D. Rouse argues for higher salaries in British secondary schools. The average salary of an assistant is just below $600; of a head-master, usually ten times as much. Tunbridge is the best paid, the head-master receiving $25,000, his assistants less than $1,000.

Mr. Arthur Symons indulges in an impassioned panegyric of the actress, Eleonora Duse. Her art is pronounced to be "always suggestion, never statement, always a renunciation."

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THE WESTMINSTER REVIEW.

VEN the heats of July and the prospect of the holiday season cannot slacken the tense purpose of the Westminster. The August number is as strenuous as ever, and no less instant in its devotion to the cause of land nationalization.

AN ESTIMATE OF MR. JOHN MORLEY.

The first place is given to a study of John Morley by Thomas Bowran. The gist of the writer's estimate appears in the following passage :

"With few exceptions, his attitudes, temper of mind, and emphasis are invariably truly and firmly placed. But when the character of his solutions is considered, and his reading of contemporary life, its tendencies of realizations, and its readjustments of social organizations, we are conscious of his ineptitude and limitations. Emphatically agreeing that his purposes are purposes of advancement and ennoblement, his reading of the signs are hesitating and narrow, his appreciation of methods doubtful and obsolete, and that, instead of historical knowledge being an illuminating force, it has obscured the working of the new tendencies, his feelings after the new purposes, and his comprehension of methods requisite to present conditions."

A SIGNIFICANT PLEA.

Mr. William Diack, writing on "Radicalism and Labor," pleads for a combination of modern Radicals, New Trade-Unionists, and avowed Collectivists, in support of—(1) old-age pensions; (2) the land for the people; (3) a shorter working-day; and (4) nationalization of railways. He suggests that twenty-five or thirty seats should be selected for attack on these lines at the next election. It is significant, however, that the writer insists on eliminating, as "a dead weight to social progress," the question of reforming the House of Lords:

"I say, with all the energy I can command: while there are hungry mouths to be filled, while the shoulders of little children are prematurely bent under the crushing weight of commercialism; while the fathers in factory, mine, and forge are overworked and underfed; while the aged veterans of labor, stricken, not with the weight of years, but with the far deadlier weight of poverty and hardship, stagger into the cold and cheerless workhouse, cease tampering with the political machine (your referendum schemes can afford to wait) and turn your thoughts to active ameliorative measures that will help to make the burden of life sit somewhat more lightly on the shoulders of the poor.”

AN INHERITANCE TAX OF 100 PER CENT. Franklin Thomasson, while agreeing with Henry George's goal of land nationalization, proposes a different method for attaining that goal. He says:

"In the plan I am about to propose there is no injus

tice done to anybody. This plan, again, is in itself nothing new. It is merely the application to land of a tax already in operation-namely, the tax known in England as the death duty. Let the title to all land lapse to the nation on the death of the present owners." The writer reckons the national rent-roll at $1,000,000,000 a year, which would yield to a population of 40,000,000 $25 a head, or $50 for each adult. Out of this sum not only could all taxes be paid, but also premium for an old-age pension fund.

Mr. Scanlon's suit of Hodge v. Lord Broadacres, or Labor v. Landlordism, is brought to a close by the jury returning a verdict for plaintiff that "all men had originally, and have now, equal rights to the use of land; that the authority which took away these rights was not a competent or sufficient authority."

THE PRICE OF THE PEACE OF THE WORLD.

A comprehensive transaction with the United States is proposed by Mr. J. P. de Putron. He argues that the West Indies are bound to fall to the United States, and suggests that the transfer might be made the occasion of a compact between the two powers, by which England would gain passage for her ships of war through the Nicaragua Canal, free trade for herself and Canada with the United States, and the use of American coaling-stations in time of war. The United States would gain the Nicaragua Canal, the West Indies, Bermuda, Azores, etc., besides the use of English coaling-stations. As the joint Anglo-American fleet numbers 543 vessels, Mr. Putron thinks that the peace of the world would be secured by his plan, and would be cheap at the price. The Eastern question, he says, will be settled at the American isthmus.

OTHER ARTICLES.

Josiah Oldfield, as against vivisectionists, pleads that limits should be set to experimentation, and lays stress on "the maternal teaching" that life is sacred and pain is terrible. Dudley S. Cosby puts "the hard case of the Irish landlords," and appeals to the government to do all it can to compensate the landlords and keep them in the country, since "to ruin and disfranchise an educated class, as they are now doing," is a fatal course.

Allan Laidlaw's inquiry, "What are immoral plays?" follows Nietzsche in his condemnation of the "slavemorality" of repression.

CORNHILL.

HE August number of Cornhill shows a merciful

very weighty articles on its readers.

Lady Grove writes cleverly on women's suffrage in time of war. She brings into killing contrast the two arguments that women must not concern themselves with politics because they do not fight, and that soldiers must not concern themselves with politics because they do fight. She points out that only about 2% per cent., or only a little over 700,000 in every 29,000,000 of the adult population, are ever called upon actively to defend the empire against foreign enemies. The rest are employed in various other ways in contributing to the prosperity of their country; and in this category there is a numerical preponderance of several thousand

women over men.

Mr. Frederic Harrison is loud in his praises of Mr. Firth's Cromwell. He pronounces it to be "an excel

lent book, a fascinating book, a decisive book." He says: "It will pass with historians as the final estimate of the character and achievements of the Protector." Mr. Harrison is surely overbold when he predicts the finality of the estimate of any man. He singles out as the distinctive point about the book that "Mr. Firth for the first time combines a full and detailed narrative of Cromwell's entire career with exhaustive research into all the original sources." Mr. Harrison describes Cromwell as "the first consistent and systematic architect of British imperialism." He also says, "There never was so systematic an opportunist."

Mountaineering supplies Francis Connell with a text for the recital of several Alpine adventures, and Mrs. E. M. Nicholl gives a humorous sketch of life in "a far-away corner" in Texas. She relates an ingenious way the Mexican Government over the border has of dealing with its criminal desperadoes. It sends soldiers to arrest them, but when arrested the prisoner never arrives at jail or court. His guards report that he was shot as he tried to escape. This happy dispatch saves the trouble of incarceration and trial, and thins out undesirable members of the community.

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THE NATIONAL REVIEW.

E have noticed, in the "Leading Articles," Mr. Ernest Williams' "Economic Revolution in Germany," which appears in the National Review for August.

"IS THE BROAD-CHURCH PARTY EXTINCT?" Canon Page Roberts answers:

"That such a party can become extinct is simply impossible. So long as there is a church, and man remains a rational being, it must exist. Final opinions are the fortresses of fools. Yet if the Broad-Church party can never become extinct, it must, at least among the clergy, be always a small party, like the advance-guard of an army, the first to occupy a position which will subsequently be held by the whole force. . . . The BroadChurch laity, like the Broad-Church clergy, are a little flock."

They are said to be specially needed in the great cities and centers of education.

COMPULSORY MILITARY SERVICE.

Lord Newton deplores, in the National, the British Government's rejection of the militia ballot bill as "a case of paternal desertion." For it was brought forward in 1899 by Lord Lansdowne in time of peace, but when war had shown England's weakness, this, "the one practical measure which would have given the country a real army for home defense," was not even alluded to. When it was again introduced last June by Lord Wemyss, it was disowned by the government! The writer concludes with the remark that, "if the present policy of the expansion of our empire is to be continued, the adoption of some modified system of enforced military service for home defense is not only desirable, but unavoidable."

FACTS AND FANCIES ABOUT THE BRITISH PRESS-GANG.

Vice-Admiral Sir Cyprian Bridge, late director of the British Naval Intelligence Department, states some facts and explodes some fancies about the old pressgang. It is a common idea that the navy was chiefly supplied with compulsory recruits. The writer ex

plains that this was a mistake, due partly to confusion of two very different words. "A prest-man was really a man who received the prest of 12d. as a soldier when enlisted." Prestare meant to lend or give beforehand. Prest-men were thus voluntarily enlisted men! Coercion was employed by the press-gang; but only a small proportion of recruits were thus obtained. In 1803, 37,000 volunteers came forward to serve, and only 2,000 were obtained by compulsion. The vice-admiral concludes:

"Compulsory service . . . failed completely to effect what had been expected of it. In the great days of old, our fleet, after all, was manned, not by impressed men, but by volunteers. It was largely due to that that we became masters of the sea."

TO PREVENT ARMY HOSPITAL SCANDALS.

Mr. Arthur Stanley, M.P., suggests that the difficulty be met by retaining the Royal Army Medical Corps as it at present exists, but adding a separate branch to deal solely with the organization. He is very severe on the cruelty of understaffing, both to the patients and to the staff.

WALTER BAGEHOT.

Mr. Leslie Stephen, in a characteristic appreciation of Walter Bagehot, the economic writer, remarks on Bagehot's unusually clear insight into fact. His book, "Lombard Street," is an instance. Mr. Stephen says of this: "It seems as though the ordinary treatises had left us in the dull leaden cloud of a London fog, which, in Bagehot's treatment, disperses to let us see distinctly and vividly the human beings previously represented by vague, colorless phantoms."

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THE QUARTERLY REVIEW.

HE July number of the Quarterly is principally concerned with literature, although current events are by no means overlooked. We have noticed elsewhere the article on Gabriele d'Annunzio.

DR. THEAL'S HISTORY CHALLENGED.

The first place is given to a review of Dr. Theal's South African history, in which the writer takes strong exception to his interpretation of documents. He also contrasts Dr. Theal's present work with his "Compendium " of 1878, which was as pronouncedly proBritish as the history is pro-Boer. He remarks:

"The process of confronting Dr. Theal with his earlier self, and with his own original authorities, at several momentous epochs of South African history, is one earnestly to be recommended to the careful attention of those upon whom will rest in future the responsibility for the implicit acceptance of these fallacious conclusions. The modern school of writers upon South African history may be said to have been founded and maintained by Dr. Theal."

The reviewer closes with this reflection :

"While the colonists of other nations were fighting for the security of their persons and property or the free exercise of their religion, and while those of other territories of the British Crown were engaged in an arduous constitutional struggle for a representative government or some other privilege which was associated in their minds with the idea of political liberty, the Boers were mainly intent on claiming the right to keep their weaker fellow-subjects in a state of bondage. Their governors, in fact, were tyrants because they

put an end to a tyranny which was revolting to civilized humanity and the sense of justice."

OUR DEARTH OF GREAT POETRY.

"The Conditions of Great Poetry" forms the theme of an interesting study; these conditions are held to lie in a certain correspondence between the poet and the age. The writer says:

"Great poetry is never produced except in periods in which the minds of men are excited by strong feelings, dominated by strong beliefs, or animated by strong hopes, which the poet, at starting, has had no share in producing. . . . The national conditions most favorable to the production of great poetry are conditions of national vigor, confident of success, and looking forward to further triumphs."

After illustrating this statement, the writer finds in it some explanation of the fact that we have now no great poetry:

"Whatever may be thought of personal faculties, the general conditions that go to produce great poetry are for the moment wanting. The faiths, the hopes, and the aspirations of the present generation are not in a state of sufficient, or sufficiently definite, excitement to generate the emotional atmosphere which great poetry requires."

Poetry is essentially emotion; but "the mere emotional gift of poetry will no more make a man a great poet than the mere emotion of patriotism will make a soldier a great general. . . . Poetry is great in proportion as it is something more than poetry, and poets are great in proportion as they are something more than poets."

MODERN JAPANESE LITERATURE.

A paper on Japanese literature recalls how Japan adopted, "at one gulp," Chinese letters and civilization in the fifth century, and records a like swift assimilation of European culture in the nineteenth. Roman letters are now being used in place of the Chinese by Christian converts and by the scholarly classes, and the writer expects that the native script will soon become a mere memory of the learned. Following on the trans.ation of Western fiction, "the old style of romance has been completely revolutionized, and just as native artists have attempted to obey the canons of European art in their latest pictures, so modern novelists endeavor to arrange the efforts of their imagination on Western models. One great defect of the older novels was, as has been remarked in the case of the native plays, the violations of common decency which disfigured their pages. This is now all changed: improprieties are avoided, and the personages represented converse in a style which might suit the pages of Jane Austen... A new set of subjects has been thrown open to the novelist. Full advantage has been taken of this privilege; and the most advanced socialistic and revolutionary ideas, which formerly would have entailed on both author and publisher consignment to the darkest prison, are now daily promulgated with impunity."

Style, too, has changed, and poetry strikes a deeper

note.

"NEW CREATURES FOR OLD COUNTRIES."

This is the title of an essay on acclimatization of for eign species. What progress has been made in England may be gathered from this glimpse of the Duke of Bedford's "paradise" at Woburn :

"In the center of the scene lies the big gray palace,