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MUNSEY'S.

IN the November Munsey's, Mr. Hartley Davis gives an excellent account of the making of a great metropolitan newspaper. We have quoted from his article in another department.

Mr. Charles E. Russell, in summing up the results of France's World's Fair effort, says that in spite of all reports of failure, and no matter what is the financial outcome, the exposition of 1900 has unquestionably proved to be the greatest, the most complete, and the most instructive in the world's history. Mr. Russell is not so overwhelmingly impressed with the architectural features at Paris; it is the tremendous and varied array of the world's work that seems to him to make the Paris fair preeminent. As to financial results, while it was not impressive to see tickets of admission nominally worth twenty-five cents hawked around the streets at ten, eight, and even five cents, Mr. Russell reminds us that the exposition management did not sell tickets to the public, and received no part of the proceeds of sales at reduced rates. Tickets of admission were allotted to holders of the exposition bonds, and such holders subsequently sold the tickets for whatever they could get for them.

Mr. John Paul Bocock makes a dramatic story of "The Romance of the Telephone," in his account of the long struggle between Alexander Graham Bell, the successful inventor, and Prof. Elisha Gray, the unsuccessful claimant, with a huge fortune at stake. He says the annual expenses of the Bell Telephone Company for protecting its patents have amounted to as much as $400,000.

OUTING.

IN the November Outing, Prof. I. T. Headland, of

IN Peking University, Writes on Chinese Sports and

Games," and illustrates his text from photographs of sportive Celestials "kicking the shoe," wrestling, tumbling, and playing hocky. Professor Headland says he has never seen a people so much given to play as the Chinese; but their games, like much else in their civilization, seem not to have gotten beyond the experimental stage. Professor Headland shows that the Chinese are, very contrary to current Western belief, exceptionally fond of athletic exercises; and he tells of no less than fifty popular games, nearly all of them more or less athletic in nature, which he collected in Peking alone.

A symposium on football by such authorities as Walter Camp, George H. Brooke, Haughton, of Harvard, and Chadwick, of Yale, is an important and timely feature of the number. Mr. Camp, writing on "Methods and Developments in Tactics and Play," says that for the last few years nothing especially new in the line of the running game has come to the front, but decided advances have been made in punting and drop-kicking, and especially in the management of the kicking games.

Mr. Leonidas Hubbard, Jr., writing on the Adirondack woods, calls for a generous appropriation from the coming legislature to enable the Forest-Preserve Board to do its work properly. The work of preserving the Adirondacks began in 1897, when the legislature of New York created the State Forest-Preserve Board and appropriated $1,000,000 for its immediate use. The board was authorized to procure by purchase as much land as possible within the boundaries of the park. The law provided that land whose owners refused to

sell might be taken, and the owners were directed to present their complaints to the Court of Claims.

"The board paid from $1.50, the price of "lumbered' land, to $7 an acre, and more than 250,000 acres were procured with the first appropriation. Later appropriations have enabled it to increase the State holding to something more than 400,000 acres. More than half of this is land that has not been lumbered, and still possesses its primeval wildness. There are some

hundreds of thousand acres within the boundaries of the park that will be protected from the timber-cutter by reason of its being owned now by sporting clubs."

Lieut. William Kelly, Jr., tells of the use of "Animals in Warfare "-not only horses and mules, but camels, oxen, elephants, and dogs. He says the oxen are exasperating in their indifference to any demands for haste; but, on the other hand, they do not mind a cannonading, whereas no one has ever succeeded in making elephants stand fire quietly. Horses require too much attention to be entirely successful draught animals, and the mule is probably the most important war animal. Dogs are used in the German army to assist relief parties in discovering the whereabouts of men wounded in battle. Several regiments own packs of war-dogs drilled to assist in ambulance work. They are also used as watch-dogs to prevent surprise, and as messengers, and it is said they will have another use in attacking bicycle corps.

ΜΕ

THE LADIES' HOME JOURNAL.

R. EDWARD BOK, editor of the Ladies' Home Journal, protests in the November number of that magazine against the useless, and therefore bad, furnishing of American homes. "The curse of the American home to-day is useless bric-a-brac. A room in which we feel that we can freely breathe is so rare that we are instinctively surprised when we see one. It is the exception rather than the rule that we find a restful room. As a matter of fact, to this common error of over-furnishing so many of our homes are directly due many of the nervous breakdowns of our women. The average American woman is a perfect slave to the useless rubbish which she has in her rooms. This rubbish, of a costly nature where plenty exists, and of a cheap and tawdry character in homes of moderate incomes, is making housekeeping a nerve-racking burden. A serious phase of this furnishing is that hundreds of women believe these jimcracks ornament their rooms. They refuse to believe that useless ornamentation always disfigures and never ornaments."

AN OFFICE-ROOM NEEDED FOR THE PRESIDENT.

"But

Col. T. A. Bingham, U.S.A., presents plans for enlarging the White House without destroying the noble lines of the present mansion. One of the present needs is to get a suitable working-place for the President. A separate office-building has been thought of. when the routine daily life of the President is considered, it will be found to be more convenient for him, and more conducive to the transaction of public business, to add to the present White House rather than to build at a distance from it. The President can have no set hours for his work, and necessarily does much of the routine at odd moments. There are also times when he works early and late; and, while he may not always need to be at his desk, he requires his toolspapers, records, clerks, messengers, etc.—always within

close call, no matter what the weather. A President cannot close his desk at a fixed hour and go away to a separate home until office hours next day. There are many matters brought to his attention at all hours of the day, after office hours as well as during them, some of which must be settled at once, and he may need to refer to office records or to use a clerk. As a matter of fact, a President does very little of his routine office work, such as signing papers, dictating, etc., during office hours; for his time is then taken up for the most part in seeing people, and it can never be otherwise in our country. This is a very practical argument against heving his house and office separated."

SHOULD CUBA HAVE INDEPENDENCE?

The Rev. C. W. Currier writes on the subject of Cuban independence, analyzing the joint resolution passed by Congress on the outbreak of the war with Spain, and directing attention to the instructions of the military governor of Cuba, dated July 25 of the present year, ordering a general election to be held in September, and declaring that the people of Cuba, having established municipal government, are now ready to proceed "to the establishment of a general government which shall assume and exercise sovereignty, jurisdiction, and control over the island." Dr. Currier states that, from an interview held not long ago with President McKinley, in company with several representative Cubans, he received the impression that Cuba's independence was only a question of a few months.

In the same number of the Forum, a prominent Cuban, whose name is withheld, pleads for the annexation of the island to the United States. He shows the heterogeneous composition of the population, considers the disasters that have attended the careers of the South American Latin republics, and declares that Cuba's best hopes lie under the Stars and Stripes.

THE POSSIBILITY OF A TIMBER FAMINE.

Chief Geographer Gannett, of the United States Geological Survey, writes in answer to the question, "Is a Timber Famine Imminent?" Mr. Gannett has reached the conclusion that the average stand of timber upon the wooded lands of the East probably does not exceed 1,500 feet per acre, the area of woodland in this part of the country being a little less than 500,000,000 acres. The total stand in the country, he thinks, is about 1,380,000,000,000 feet. In 1890 the cut was about 25,000,000,000 feet, and since then the annual cut has somewhat increased. The present stand would, therefore, supply the present rate of consumption for about fifty years. Some species, however, such as the Southern pine, the redwood, and the red fir, will last longer than others; and some species, like the black walnut and the white pine, are already very nearly exhausted.

THE CORN KITCHEN AT THE PARIS EXPOSITION. Mr. J. S. Crawford, writing on "The Lesson of the Maize Kitchen at Paris," makes several suggestions relative to practicable measures for creating a demand for American corn, and supplying the market of Europe. He suggests that the differences between American and European maize ought to be shown to Europeans through our consuls and other agencies; that depots of supply should be established where corn flours and corn foods could be obtained at the lowest prices compatible with a fair profit; and that the methods of cooking these maize dishes should be promulgated at the supply depots. He states that the so-called "Corn Kitchen" at the exposition serves corn dishes to from 100 to 500 persons a day, and that this kitchen has created a great deal of inquiry among visitors.

THE MISSIONARIES IN CHINA.

Regarding the future of the missionaries in China, the Hon. Charles Denby, formerly United States Minister to that country, answers the question, "Shall the Missions be Abandoned?" emphatically in the negative. He advocates care in the selection of mission locations and restraint in the spirit of adventure. He declares that all classes in China have a great measure of respect for, and confidence in, the Christian missionaries settled in the country. "While it is proper to give to the imperial maritime customs, to the ministers and consuls, and to the great commercial houses full praise for their labors, we should not forget gratefully to remember those unobtrusive but influential agents of progress, whose inspiration came from a holier source than a desire for gain."

CANADA'S PREFERENTIAL-TRADE PROBLEM.

The Hon. John Charlton, a prominent Canadian and a member of the Anglo-American Joint Commission, contributes a paper on "Imperial and Colonial Preferential Trade." In the matter of preferential trade between Great Britain and her colonies, Mr. Charlton shows that Great Britain's position is essentially different from that of the colonies, and that nothing can be attained in the way of reciprocal tariffs except by an imperial zollverein. He says: "The action of the Canadian Government in advancing the differential rate to 33% per cent. is probably a mistake. The step meets with the general disapproval of the Canadian manufacturers; and there is force in the Conservative objection, that the action is purely sentimental, as the British tariff presents no features applicable to ourselves that do not apply to all other nations."

At the time of writing his article, Mr. Charlton regarded it as not at all improbable that, in the event of Conservative success at the approaching general election, the entire system of preferential duties would be swept away, unless Great Britain should reciprocate by granting preferential treatment for Canadian products in her markets.

THE NEGRO PROBLEM AND DISFRANCHISEMENT.

Representative Underwood, of Alabama, argues against negro enfranchisement, asserting that practically, for twenty years, the negro has had no vote, and that existing conditions compel the white man thus to protect himself. Mr. Underwood points out that in the North the negro, as a rule, is barred from most of

the trades, and must content himself to serve as a daylaborer, unless he can enter one of the professions; while, in the South, all fields of honest employment have at all times been open to him, and he has been protected in his right to work and earn an honest living.

THE COAL SUPREMACY OF THE UNITED STATES.

Mr. Edward S. Meade shows that the United States, while drawing on only a portion of her available coal deposits, increased her output during twenty-eight years six times as rapidly as the average of her four competitors,--Great Britain, Germany, France, and Belgium,-who have taxed their entire resources to supply their needs. Not only are our coal deposits more abundant than those of Europe, but the veins are of far greater thickness. "The United States has the most abundant, the easiest-mined, and the cheapest coal of any nation."

EDUCATION IN PORTO RICO.

Prof. Victor S. Clark, late president of the Insular Board of Education, writing on "Education in Porto Rico," states that nearly 100,000 modern American textbooks in Spanish have been used in the island; while teachers' examinations, conducted in writing, have set new standards of attainment before both pupils and teachers. Although the schools still occupy rented buildings, they have been separated from the teachers' residences, and thus a higher ideal of school organization has been introduced and greater emphasis placed upon the school as a distinct institution.

OTHER ARTICLES.

Mr. Marrion Wilcox writes on "Our Agreement with the Sultan of Sulu," and Sir Walter Besant on "The Atlantic Union." The article on "The British General Election," by the Hon. Henry W. Lucy ("Toby, M.P."), has been quoted in our department of "Leading Articles of the Month."

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THE ATLANTIC MONTHLY.

N the November Atlantic, Mr. William G. Brown, in his "Defense of American Parties," argues that our great political parties, "reckoning Populists as extreme and errant Democrats, soon to be absorbed in the greater mass their revolt has quickened, do in fact stand for a right and necessary division of the American people." While Mr. Brown admits that Bryanism, in its definite programme, is contrary to many Democratic precedents, he believes that, "in so far as it is a popular movement, so far as it is a matter of impulse, so far as it reflects character, it does not essentially differ from any essentially Democratic uprising of the past."

Mr. Edmund Noble, writing on "The Future of Russia," declares that the Czar's people have evinced the qualities and aptitudes "that will insure them a future of potency, even of splendor, in the coming progress of the world." He prophesies that the nation will not reach its full stature, however, until it gets a more advanced type of government, and "the modern and progressive institutions which such a type would insure."

In Mr. William E. Smythe's account of "The Struggle for Water in the West," he tells of Wyoming's excellent legislative control of the all-important waterrights. As the Missouri, the Columbia, and the Colo

rado rivers all have their birth in Wyoming, it is fitting that this State should begin the work, so sorely needed, of giving some decent and effective oversight to the irrigation problem, the solution of which will make or mar the civilization of the arid West.

"The Wyoming law provides a complete system of administration, with a State engineer at its head. The State is apportioned into several large divisions, on the basis of watersheds, and these are divided into many districts. A commissioner presides over each division, and a superintendent over each small local district. These officials and their assistants are clothed with police powers, and it is a part of their duty to attend personally to the head-gates of all the canals, and be responsible for the amount of water which is permitted to flow into them. This method of administration completes the good work which was begun when the appropriations were reduced to the basis of actual beneficial use, and recorded in such a manner that no dispute could arise concerning them in the future. With these laws and this method of enforcing them, the lawyer is practically eliminated from the irrigation industry of Wyoming."

THE NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW.

HE most prominent feature of the North American for October is a symposium on "Bryan or McKinley? The Present Duty of American Citizens," in which the Hon. Adlai E. Stevenson, Senator Tillman, Mr. Edward M. Shepard, Mr. Richard Croker, and Mr. Erving Winslow give their reasons for supporting Bryan in this year's election; while Postmaster-General Charles Emory Smith, Senators Hoar, Platt, of New York, and Stewart, Mr. Andrew Carnegie, and ex-Controller Eckels present arguments for the reelection of President McKinley. The views of these gentlemen are so generally known that it is hardly necessary to attempt a recapitulation of their articles in this place. During the month of October they received very wide circulation throughout the United States.

IS BRITISH COMMERCE ON THE DECLINE?

In a rather complacent survey of Great Britain's foreign trade, Mr. Benjamin Taylor declares that Britons are not the least alarmed at American competition. He says: "They know that in time it will take the gilt off a good deal of their gingerbread; but they know by experience that, as the world develops, new industries grow. Some may pass from Britain to America, but others will succeed. Change is not necessarily decay. And I wish Americans could understand that the industrial development of the United States is not regarded with jealousy and envy by Great Britain, but rather with the quiet pride with which a man watches the progress in life of his own son. It is an old saying that there is no friendship in business.' Whether this be true or not, there is certainly no need for enmity. The more prosperous America becomes, the better will it be for us and the rest of the world, though the conditions may undergo change."

WILL JAPAN FIGHT RUSSIA?

ing." The cause of probable hostilities between the two nations, he says, can lie only in misunderstanding. He shows that there is no such pressure of population as to justify any apprehension of strife with Russia on that score. As regards the present Japanese emigration to America and Australia, Mr. Ozaki declares that its cause is not the pressure of population at home, but the prospect of higher wages abroad. "Even sparsely populated Ireland sends out infinitely more emigrants than does densely populated Japan."

CATHOLIC CITIZENS AND CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS. The Rev. Father Thomas H. Maione, a member of the Colorado State Board of Charities and Corrections, replies to the article in the September North American by Bishop McFaul on "Catholics and American Citizenship." As to the question whether Catholics in the United States are permitted to enjoy their constitutional rights to the full, and whether they are protected in the free exercise of their religion, Father Malone replies that these rights are universally enjoyed, not only in our own land, but in our new pos sessions. As to the allegation that Catholics are denied full spiritual privileges in the penal institutions of the different States, Father Malone's intimate knowledge of the facts forces him to a conclusion directly opposite to that expressed by Bishop McFaul. declares that the condition against which the bishop declaims does not, except in rare instances, exist in the United States. For many years priests have been welcome to visit institutions in the State of New York; and "so, in wellnigh universal degree, has it been elsewhere." With rare exceptions, the general statement holds that Catholic priests are free to minister without let or hindrance to the inmates of city, county, State, and federal institutions.

OTHER ARTICLES.

He

methods of fighting a strike, the corporations put themselves clearly and unmistakably in the wrong. They put themselves where the interests of labor, of the public, and the principle of common justice make them responsible for the results of the strike." On the other hand, the writer censures the men for breaking the Markle arbitration agreement.

PROFESSOR GUNTON ON TRUSTS.

In a paper on "Trusts and Monopolies," Professor Gunton reaches the following conclusions:

"First. That trusts, as distinct organizations, have ceased to exist; hence, the question is solely one of corporations.

"Second. That the public criticism is not against corporations per se, but against monopoly.

"Third. That monopoly is very much less than is generally supposed-indeed, very rarely exists.

"Fourth. That monopoly is not, necessarily, inimical to public welfare, but it is only dangerous when it rests on special privileges.

"Fifth. That, wherever actual or potential competition can operate, the benefits of invention and organization will be more equitably distributed through the community by the free action of economic forces than by state action.

"Sixth. That class of corporations which receive special privileges, in the form of charters and franchises which shield them from the influence of economic competition, may properly be subjected to some degree of state supervision."

OTHER ARTICLES.

Mr. N. D. Hanna writes on "Mansfield and Henry V.;" Mr. Alexander R. Smith on 66 'Ship Subsidies and Bounties;" and Mr. Hayes Robbins ventures a reply to President Hadley's Atlantic Monthly article, in which he declared himself opposed to so-called "political education" in colleges and universities.

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THE ARENA.

CONSIDERABLE part of the October Arena is devoted to the various issues of the present election. The first three articles deal with "The Menace of Imperialism." Ex-Chief-Justice Long, of New Mexico, treats imperialism as "The Antithesis of True Expansion," maintaining that in the Louisiana Purchase, as well as in all other acquisitions of new territory prior to the Spanish-American War, the main object of this Government was national security, "and with that the blessings of freedom and self-government to its inhabitants, present and future." He shows that in each instance, from 1803 to 1848, there was a treaty guaranty to the inhabitants of the ceded territory, former subjects of the ceding nations, and to those who might thereafter occupy these new possessions, that they were and should continue to be citizens of the United States and should have the right to be admitted into the Union as States on terms of perfect equality with the others of the republic. This is regarded by Judge Long as justifiable, beneficial, and necessary expansion. "This expansion is far different from the imperialism of the colonial theory, maintained by England and the European powers by force of arms, and advocated by some statesmen in this country in recent years."

Mr. Albert H. Coggins writes on the strength and

weakness of imperialism, while Mr. George W. Kenney discusses the place of imperialism in historic evolution. "Militarism or Manhood" is the subject of an article by Mr. Joseph Dana Miller, while the record of William Jennings Bryan as a soldier is appreciatively set forth by Mr. C. F. Beck.

A BOYCOTT OF THE TRUSTS.

If

Mr. A. G. Wall, recognizing the futility of anti-trust legislation, advocates a general boycott of the trusts by individual consumers. "If an article of whatever description is needed, make it an unvarying practice first to ascertain the producer; and if such producer is found to be a recognized trust or a corporation with trust tendencies, peremptorily refuse to purchase the same. you are unable to find the desired article produced outside of a trust, then your duty is to look for a substitute, if it is something that cannot very well be dispensed with. Bring your children up in this. Never mind about your neighbor's politics, but call his attention to plain facts." Mr. Wall seems to indulge the hope that in this way trusts may finally be abolished.

PHILADELPHIA BALLOT CORRUPTION.

Mr. Clinton Rogers Woodruff makes an interesting exposure of Philadelphia election frauds, describing the excellent work of the Municipal League, which caused the flight from the country of the former deputy coroner and eight co-defendents under charges of ballot-box frauds. The league charged, and brought proof to substantiate its charge, that the assessor's lists had been padded, that men had been imported to fill the places of the names fraudulently on the lists, and that finally the ballot-box itself had been stuffed. As

one result of the efforts of the league, warrants were issued in a certain division for a board for receiving illegal votes. In this division there were 146 illegal votes cast, and 217 voters were returned. "The judge and two inspectors are now fugitives, as also one of the repeaters one of the latter, however, has already been indicted. In still another division, three of the officers have been bound over to answer a charge of misdemeanor-a canvass of the division showing 79 votes for one candidate who was given but 51, and but 30 votes for one credited with 60." The league proposes to make a full exposure of the system of repeating.

of value. Yet when a collection of them, nine in all, were printed by Mr. Turnbull, who about that time ended publication of his magazine, and when a copy of this collection fell into the hands of Mr. Henry M. Alden, of Harper's Magazine, whose acquaintance I had lately made, he expressed much surprise that I had not received any pecuniary compensation, and added that he would have readily accepted them if they had been offered to him. Several things he said about them that surprised and gratified me very much. I then set into the pursuit of that sort of work, and down to this time, besides my three novels, 'Old Mark Langston,' 'Widow Guthrie,' and 'Pearce Amerson's Will,' and other literary work in the way of lectures, juvenile articles, a 'History of English Literature,' and a 'Biography of Alexander H. Stephens' (the last two in collaboration with Dr. William Hand Browne, of Johns Hopkins University), I have written and printed about eighty of these stories."

THE CONFEDERATE CONGRESS.

Another important feature of this number of the Conservative Review is the Hon. John Goode's paper of recollections of the Confederate Congress, of which he was a member. It seems strange that so little attention has been paid to the civil history of the Confederacy. According to Mr. Goode's account, the proceedings in Congress at Richmond were enlivened by occurrences well worthy of record. The personnel was high and the debates frequently spirited and able. Mr. Goode comments on the failure of the Confederate Congress to establish a supreme court for the Confederate States, as provided by their constitution. He does not agree with those who believe that the differences of opinion on the question of State rights operated to prevent the creation of such a court. "The men who composed the Confederate Congress were, as a general rule, the same men who had framed the provisional and permanent constitutions." There could be no question that it was the intention of the framers to provide for the establishment of a supreme court. In 1863 the Senate actually passed a bill to organize a supreme court, to consist of a chief justice and four associate justices, any three of whom should constitute a quorum. This bill failed of passage in the House of Representatives. Goode's explanation of the failure is that the military situation at that time demanded all the time and attention of the members of the House. "The city of Richmond, the capital of the Confederacy, was besieged on all sides by large armies. Every afternoon the balloons of the enemy could be seen hovering over the city, and it frequently happened that the flash of guns could be seen in every direction. There was no time to deliberate about the organization of courts, and the House naturally postponed the consideration of that subject until it was determined by the arbitrament of war whether or not the Confederacy should be established as an independent government."

OTHER ARTICLES.

Mr.

Mr. Philip Alexander Robinson writes on "Economic Consolidation and Monopoly ;" Mr. William Baird on "Imperialism," and Dr. Edward Farquhar on "Elements of Unity in the Homeric Poems." "Recollections of a Naval Life," by John McIntosh Kell, the executive officer of the Sumter and the Alabama, is appreciatively reviewed by J. R. Eggleston, a former lieutenant of the United States Navy and of the Confederate Navy