15 and June 15 of each fiscal year beginning with the fiscal year July 1, 1933 and ending June 30, 1934, and concluding with the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1942 and ending June 30, 1943. The bond numbered 9, dated December 15, 1922, matured December 15, 1931, in the principal amount of $55,000, and delivered by Finland to the United States under the agreement of May 1, 1923, shall be retained by the United States until the annuities due under this Agreement shall have been paid. 2. Except so far as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement, payments of annuities under this Agreement shall be subject to the same terms and conditions as payments under the agreement of May 1, 1923, above mentioned. The proviso in paragraph 2 of such agreement, authorizing the postponement of payments on account of principal, and the option of Finland provided for in paragraph 4, to pay in obligations of the United States, shall not apply to annuities payable under this Agreement. 3. The agreement of May 1, 1923, between Finland and the United States, above mentioned, shall remain in all respects in full force and effect except so far as expressly modified by this Agreement. 4. Finland and the United States, each for itself, represents and agrees that the execution and delivery of this Agreement have in all respects been duly authorized and that all acts, conditions, and legal formalities which should have been completed prior to the making of this Agreement have been completed as required by the laws of Finland and the United States, respectively, and in conformity therewith. 5. This Agreement shall be executed in two counterparts, each of which shall have the force and effect of an original. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Finland has caused this Agreement to be executed on its behalf by its Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Washington, thereunto duly authorized, and the United States has likewise caused this Agreement to be executed on its behalf by the Secretary of the Treasury, with the approval of the President, pursuant to a Joint Resolution of Congress approved December 23, 1931, all on the day and year first above written. Approved: The Republic of Finland By LEONARD ASTROM Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary The United States of America HERBERT HOOVER, By OGDEN L. MILLS President. FRIENDSHIP, COMMERCE, AND CONSULAR RIGHTS Treaty and protocol signed at Washington February 13, 1934 Senate advice and consent to ratification June 15, 1934 Proclaimed by the President of the United States August 10, 1934 TREATY 1 49 Stat. 2659; Treaty Series 868 The United States of America and the Republic of Finland, desirous of strengthening the bond of peace which happily prevails between them, by arrangements designed to promote friendly intercourse between their territories through provisions responsive to the spiritual, cultural, economic and commercial aspirations of the peoples thereof, have resolved to conclude a Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Consular Rights and for that purpose have appointed as their plenipotentiaries: The President of the United States of America, Mr. Cordell Hull, Secretary of State of the United States of America; The President of the Republic of Finland, Mr. L. Åström, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Finland to the United States of America, Who, having communicated to each other their full powers found to be in due form, have agreed upon the following articles: ARTICLE I Nationals of each High Contracting Party who conform to the laws and regulations of the other Party, shall be permitted to enter, travel and reside in its territory for the purpose of carrying on trade between the two countries; 14 UST 2047; TIAS 2861. also for other purposes in so far as entry, travel and residence is or may be permitted by local law. The nationals of each of the High Contracting Parties within the territory of the other shall be permitted to engage in professional, scientific, religious, philanthropic, manufacturing and commercial work of every kind, to carry on every form of commercial activity, to own, erect or lease and occupy appropriate buildings and to lease lands for residential, scientific, religious, philanthropic, manufacturing, commercial and mortuary purposes, and generally to do anything incidental to or necessary for the enjoyment of any of the foregoing privileges, upon the same terms as nationals of the state of residence in so far as may be permitted by local law. In no case shall they be accorded less favorable treatment in respect of any of the aforesaid matters than nationals of the most favored nation. They shall be permitted in pursuance of any of the aforesaid activities to appoint representatives, agents, or employees of their choice, subject to the local laws in relation to the immigration of aliens. The nationals of either High Contracting Party within the territory of the other shall not be subjected to the payment of any internal charges or taxes other or higher than those that are exacted of and paid by its nationals. The nationals of each High Contracting Party shall enjoy freedom of access to the courts of justice of the other on conforming to the local laws, as well for the prosecution as for the defense of their rights, and in all degrees of jurisdiction established by law. The nationals of each High Contracting Party shall receive within the territory of the other, upon submitting to conditions imposed upon its nationals, the most constant protection and security for their persons and property, and shall enjoy in this respect that degree of protection that is required by international law. Their property shall not be taken without due process of law and without payment of just compensation. ARTICLE II With respect to that form of protection granted by National, State or Provincial laws establishing civil liability for injuries or for death, and giving to relatives or heirs or dependents of an injured party a right of action or a pecuniary benefit, such relatives or heirs or dependents of the injured party, himself a national of either of the High Contracting Parties and injured within the territory of the other, shall regardless of their alienage or residence outside of the territory where the injury occurred, enjoy the same rights and privileges as are or may be granted to nationals, and under like conditions. ARTICLE III The dwellings, warehouses, manufactories, shops and other places of business, and all premises thereto appertaining of the nationals of each of the High Contracting Parties in the territory of the other, used for any purposes set forth in Article I, shall be respected. It shall not be allowable to make a domiciliary visit to, or search of any such buildings and premises, or there to examine and inspect books, papers or accounts, except under the conditions and in conformity with the forms prescribed by the laws, ordinances and regulations for nationals. ARTICLE IV 2 Where, on the death of any person holding real or other immovable property or interests therein within the territory of one High Contracting Party, such property or interests therein would, by the laws of the country or by a testamentary disposition, descend or pass to a national of the other High Contracting Party, whether resident or non-resident, were he not disqualified by the laws of the country where such property or interests therein is or are situated, such national shall be allowed a term of three years in which to sell the same, this term to be reasonably prolonged if circumstances render it necessary, and withdraw the proceeds thereof, without restraint or interference, and exempt from any succession, probate or administrative duties or charges other than those which may be imposed in like cases upon the nationals of the country from which such proceeds may be drawn. Nationals of either High Contracting Party may have full power to dispose of their personal property of every kind within the territory of the other, by testament, donation, or otherwise, and their heirs, legatees and donees, of whatsoever nationality, whether resident or non-resident, shall succeed to such personal property, and may take possession thereof, either by themselves or by others acting for them, and retain or dispose of the same at their pleasure subject to the payment of such duties or charges only as the nationals of the High Contracting Party within whose territory such property may be or belong shall be liable to pay in like cases. ARTICLE V The nationals of each of the High Contracting Parties may exercise liberty of conscience and freedom of worship within the territory of the other Party. They may, without annoyance or molestation of any kind by reason of their religious belief or otherwise, conduct services either within their own houses or within any appropriate buildings which they may be at liberty to erect and maintain in convenient situations, provided their teachings or practices are not contrary to public morals; and they may also be permitted to bury their dead according to their religious customs in suitable and convenient places established and maintained for the purpose, subject to the reasonable mortuary and sanitary laws and regulations of the place of burial. * For modification of art. IV, see protocol of Dec. 4, 1952 (4 UST 2047; TIAS 2861). ARTICLE VI Between the territories of the High Contracting Parties there shall be freedom of commerce and navigation. The nationals of each of the High Contracting Parties, equally with those of the most favored nation, shall have liberty freely to come with their vessels and cargoes to all places, ports and waters of every kind within the territorial limits of the other which are or may be open to foreign commerce and navigation. ARTICLE VII Each of the High Contracting Parties binds itself unconditionally to impose no higher or other duties or charges, and no other conditions or prohibitions on the importation of any article, the growth, produce or manufacture of the territory of the other Party, from whatever place arriving, than are or shall be imposed on the importation of any like article, the growth, produce or manufacture of any other foreign country. Nor shall any such duties, charges or conditions affecting importations be made effective retroactively. Each of the High Contracting Parties binds itself unconditionally to impose no higher or other duties or charges and no other conditions, restrictions or prohibitions on the exportation of any article to the territory of the other Party than are or shall be imposed on the exportation of any like article to any other foreign country. Nothing in this Treaty shall be construed to restrict the right of either High Contracting Party to impose on such terms as it may see fit, and subject to the sole requirement that there shall be no arbitrary discrimination against the other Party as compared with any other foreign country where similar conditions prevail, prohibitions or restrictions designed to protect human, animal, or plant life and health, or regulations for the enforcement of police or revenue laws of the United States or of Finland relating to imports the importation, transportation, or sale of which is prohibited or restricted, nor shall anything in this Treaty be construed to restrict the measures applicable in either the United States or Finland to seeds of agricultural plants which, on account of their origin, are deemed not to thrive in the territory of the respective countries. Neither High Contracting Party shall establish or maintain restrictions on imports from or exports to the territory of the other Party which are not applied to the import and export of any like article originating in or destined for any other country. Any withdrawal of an import or export restriction which is granted even temporarily by one of the Parties in favor of the articles of a third country shall be applied immediately and unconditionally to like articles originating in or destined for the other Contracting Party. In the event of rations or quotas being established for the importation or exportation of articles restricted or prohibited, each of the High Contracting Parties agrees |