staining will be included in the course. II.; lecture, M., W., F.; 9; laboratory, 7 periods; 8, 9; (5). Assistant Professor SMITH and Dr. CARPENTER. Prerequisite: Art and Design 1; an entrance credit in chemistry or Chemistry 1; Zoology 10. 3. VERTEBRATE EMBRYOLOGY.-This course begins with a study of the sex cells and a discussion of theories of heredity, followed by a consideration of the early stages in the development of the egg. The formation of the vertebrate body is then studied in the amphibian, the chick, and the pig. Instruction is given in the preparation of embryological material and in graphic reconstruction from serial sections. I., II.; M., W., F.; 10, 11; (3).. Dr. Carpenter. Prerequisite: Zoology ia or 2. 4. ZOOLOGICAL ECOLOGY.-A course of lectures and field and laboratory work on the relation of animals to their environment, and on the practical and theoretical parts of zoology derived from this relation. Includes an analysis of the environment as related to animals, an analysis of the animal as related to its environment, and the interactions of these related factors, especially as shown by the adaptive structures, actions, habits, and instincts of animals. The laboratory work will consist largely of a study of such adaptive structures and actions, with problem work in experimentation and causal interpretation. II.; M., W., F.; 8, 9; (3). Professor FORBES, Dr. FOLSOM, and Dr. PETERS. Prerequisite: Zoology I or 10. 8. THESIS INVESTIGATION.-Candidates for graduation who select a zoological subject as a thesis are required to spend three hours a day during their senior year in making a detailed investigation of the selected subjects. While this work is done under the general supervision of an instructor, it is in its methods and responsibilities essentially original work. I., II.; arrange time; (5). Professor FORBES, Assistant Professor SMITH, Dr. PETERS and Dr. CAR PENTER. Prerequisite: Two years in zoölogical courses. IO. INTRODUCTORY ZOÖLOGY.—This is a laboratory and lecture course, mainly on the morphology, physiology, and ecology of type forms, and on the more important features of cytology and development. The work leads to an acquaintance with the simpler generalizations of zoological theory, and is a suitable preparation for course 2. Students who present an entrance credit in zoölogy or biology may take as a fractional course those parts of this work not covered in their previous study. Section A, for other than medical students; I.; 8, 9; (5); or II.; 1, 2, (5). Dr. PETERS. Section B, for medical students; I.; 1, 2; (5). Dr. CARPENTER. 12. STATISTICAL ZOOLOGY.-This course is offered for students taking Mathematics 26. It includes lectures and reference reading on the application of statistical methods to biological problems. The history of the development of this mode of biological investigation, the nature of the problems to which it is applicable and some of the results already obtained in the study of variations, heredity, distribution and phylogeny are among the topics considered. Students taking this course, together with Mathematics 26b, ordinarily use for the problems of the latter course, zoölogical data that have been obtained either by their own observations or from other sources. If desired the combined credits of this course and Mathematics 26 may be counted as 5 credits either in zoölogy or in mathematics. II.; Tu.; 9; (1 or 5). Assistant Professor SMITH. Prerequisite: Mathematics 2, 4, 6, 8a, and at least ten hours of University work in Zoölogy, or in Zoölogy and Entomology. 14. GERMAN READINGS.-A study of zoölogical literature in German intended to give technical information and practice in accurate and rapid reading. This course, together with botany 13, will be accepted instead of German 6 of the prescribed list of all except students in chemistry and chemical engineering. II.; arrange time; (4). Prerequisite: German 4. 15. VARIATION AND HEREDITY.-A course of lectures and reference reading designed to give a general survey of the results obtained by the application of modern statistical methods in the study of variation and heredity. A knowledge of the methods is acquired from lectures and from exercises in handling data gathered from various sources. Mendel's principles and the theory of mutations are discussed. For accompanying laboratory work see 5a. I.; arrange time; (2). Assistant Professor SMITH. Prerequisite: Zoology 10 or Ia. 15a. STATISTICAL DATA.-Laboratory work involving the collection of data suitable for a study of the variations and correlations of structures in some suitable organism may be elected in connection with course 5. The extensive collections of insects, fishes and plankton material in the possession of the State Laboratory of Natural His tory are available for the purpose of this course. I.; arrange time; (1 to 3). Assistant Professor SMITH. Prerequisite: Zoölogy 10 or 1a. 16. PHYSIOLOGICAL ZOOLOGY.-This course will deal with the relation between the processes of animals and of free-living cells, and certain conditions of their environment. Field observations and some measurements will be made of the physico-chemical conditions which a body of water in this vicinity provides for animal life. Laboratory studies of animals and cells placed under experimental conditions will follow. The laboratory work will consist of practice in experimental methods and of their application to certain problems. Special attention will be given to osmotic pressure and ion physiology. The aim will be to develop the general principles of animal physiology and to give a training in scientific method as applied to zoological problems in the collection and explanation of data. I.; M., W., F.; 8, 9; (3); and II.; M., W., F.; 1, 2; (3). Dr. PETERS. Prerequisite: Zoology 10 or 1a, and Chemistry 1, which may be taken parallel with this course. The work of the course will be so arranged that students may begin their work either semester and continue it for either one semester or a year. 17a. FIELD ZOOLOGY.-A course in which the main object will be to gain as comprehensive a knowledge as practicable of the animal life of a restricted locality. Collection, preservation, and identification of various kinds of animals, together with observations of the habits, life histories, and relations to environment of selected forms, will constitute the major part of the work. The phases of the subject receiving most attention will vary with the make-up of the class and with the kind of locality selected, but in any event the work will be so planned as to make it a desirable course for prospective teachers of zoology. I.; arrange time; (3). Assistant Professor SMITH. Prerequisite: Zoology 10 or Ia. 17b. FIELD ORNITHOLOGY.-A Course especially designed to give an acquaintance with the birds of the vicinity. Identification, food relations, seasonal distribution, and migration activities receive chief attention. Students are expected to provide themselves with opera or field-glasses. II.; arrange time; (2). Assistant Professor SMITH. COURSES FOR GRADUATES Zoölogy 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 15, 16, and 17 may be taken for undergraduate or graduate credit; and the following for graduate credit only: IOI. PLANKTON ZOOLOGY.-Instruction and practice will be given in modern methods of studying minute forms of aquatic life with the aid of a plankton apparatus and laboratory equipment. This work includes both a qualitative and quantitative investigation of the minute zoölogical contents of a selected body of water, carried on systematically through a considerable period, and the generalization of the results of such study by the methods peculiar to the planktologist. I02. FRESH-WATER ICHTHYOLOGY.-The large collection of fishes belonging to the University and the State Laboratory of Natural History, together with the ichthyological library of the latter, are open to students who wish to become acquainted with the ichthyology of a fresh-water situation. Both qualitative and quantitative studies of the fishes of a selected body of water are made, and papers written presenting the results of personal studies in this field. 103. FRESH-Water and Terrestrial AnnelIDS.—This is an application of the methods of the zoological laboratory to the study of the annelid worms of the land and the inland waters of North America. The description of genera and species, practice in drawing for publication, and experimental work on the physiology and ecology of selected forms will be included. 104. PHYSIOLOGICAL ZOÖLOGY.-In this course the student will be taught the principles and practice involved in the application of physical and chemical methods to physiological experimentation upon animals. Selected portions of the literature of experimental and physiological zoölogy will be read and discussed. The laboratory work will consist of exercises that illustrate advanced methods, or, of a problem using such methods. The latter may constitute a thesis. Open as a graduate course only to those who have had zoology la or its equivalent. RADU GRADUATION AND DEGREES GRADUATION The candidate for a degree must complete all the subjects prescribed for graduation in his course, and when, in doing this, he does not gain the necessary one hundred and thirty hours of credit he must make up the deficiency by electing other subjects. The combinations of studies under which a student may graduate are too numerous to describe; they are given to some extent under the separate colleges and schools. Examinations are held as often as in the judgment of the instructor the necessities of the work require. Examinations are also given at the close of each semester, on the work of the semester, in all subjects except those whose character renders it unnecessary or impracticable. BACHELORS' DEGREES The usual bachelors' degrees are conferred upon those who satisfactorily complete the courses of study described under the different colleges and schools, and do either the first three years, or the last year, of their work in residence at the University. A candidate for a bachelor's degree must pass in the subjects marked prescribed in his chosen course, and must conform to the directions given in connection with that course in regard to electives. In the College of Literature and Arts, of Science and of Agriculture, credit for 130 hours is required for graduation. In the College of Engineering, in the College of |