annual figure of three hundred and nineteen thousand two hundred and twenty-three. These were from all parts of the world, the majority from Great Britain and Germany. In twenty years the aggregate number is about four millions, and by the beginning of 1868 it will exceed that amount. ARRIVALS. The following table shows the number and nativities of alien emigrants who arrived at Castle Garden from May 5, 1847, to Jan. 1, 1867: Sum total from May 5, 1847, to Jan. 1, 1867... Total emigration since the commencement of the present system was in- 163,059 3,745,633 ... Africa.. Australia 58 80 .... 638 Japan.. 7 .... Central America. 12 95 3,582,574 CASTLE GARDEN. The buildings on the Battery called Castle Garden are the depot for the landing of emigrants, and for their transportation to different parts of the country. This depot is the principal one of the Board of Emigration, and whatever other buildings they have erected are but subordinate to this establishment. This department is divided into several subordinate bureaus. The rotunda in the centre of the building is the main department of the commission. In this is the general office of the Board of Einigration, including the office of Mr. Bernard Casserly, General Agent and Superintendent, and the offices and desks of his several clerks. Here are employed a large number of persons of different nationalities, for the offices of clerks and interpreters. These are well educated and intelligent men. The first department is that of examination. Three men are emplove... to remain at Quarantine, whose duty it is to board every emigrant ves that enters the port of New York, after having been duly examined and passed at Quarantine, to give advice to emigrants, obtain information as to their general condition, and to carry out the provisions of the several acts forbidding communication with the emigrants before landing. By this means the emigrant is forewarned of the many runnes for boarding houses, and "baggage smashers," who would fleece him of his money. This method has been of incalculable service to hundreds of thousands of emigrants. By the passage of a law of Congress, entitled, "A bill to amend an act entitled 'An act to encourage immigration,'" &c., this was inadvertently taken from the Commissioners and dispensed with, and for which a memorial was presented to the Senate of the United States by the Commissioners and ex officio Commissioners of Emigration apprising them of this negligence. After landing, the emigrant passes through the examination and registering department of the rotunda. Here they are examined for the purpose of ascertaining if any are liable to be bonded, or in such condition of health as to require hospital care; and the name, occupation, age, birthplace and destination of each, with other necessary particulars, are recorded. The Board has instituted railroad and express departments, with approved agents, whose business it is to provide tickets for their destination and to carry baggage to any part of the city. There is also a board-and-lodging department, a wash-room, for temporary use; and arrangements are made with certain boarding house keepers of the city, who are present at every arrival, with their prices made public, in order that none of the emigrants may be swindled. THE LABOR EXCHANGE. A peculiar institution of the Commission is the labor exchange. Here are always a number awaiting situations, under the protection of the Board. The female department is closely inspected, and the detectives watch every effort made by the runners of brothels for the entrapping of the many girls seeking service as domestics. A large building is erecting to give greater facilities to this branch; and an officer has been appointed for its government. DEPARTMENTS. The next is the letter, telegram and information office, for the accommodation of the emigrants in ascertaining the whereabouts of friends. One of the departments most beneficial to the emigrant is the treasury. Here all his foreign money is exchanged. If his friends have left money for him, on his arrival here he receives it. He may be without funds, through misfortune. He is then given sufficient to meet his present wants, leaving security for its return. In fact, there are arrangements made to meet every conceivable want of the emigrant, and constant modifications of departments and government are made to adapt themselves to the requirements of the emigrant. excess. CHARACTER OF THE IMMIGRATION. By an inspection of the aggregate statement for the twenty years of operations, it is seen that the emigration from Ireland is somewhat in While this has been the case in the history of the emigration of the country, yet, in looking at the reports of 1866 and of the year 1867 to the present week, it will be observed that Germany is at present sending to us a greater number of emigrants than any other nation of the world. The destination of the majority of the Germans is for the great western prairies; so with the Dane, Swede, Welsh. Norwegian and Polander, and a portion of the Italian; but the English, Irish, French, Spanish and Chinese fill up our seaboard towns. It is said by those engaged for many years in the emigrant business that of all pauper classes who arrive at our shores the English is the most ab ject and degraded, and the majority of the poorer classes seldom leave the seaboard states unless transported by private arrangement, or by agents of the Commission. DESTINATIONS. The following table will give an idea whither the tide of emigration flowing into the country tends. It is taken from the report of the Commissioners of last year, ending January, 1867: The above number is one thousand less than the total report of 1866 gives credit for, but it will answer as a criterion by which to judge of the influx and dispersion of the westward bound thousands that yearly enter our country. The majority of those remaining in New York is from Ireland. THE WARD'S ISLAND HOSPITAL. One of the best hospitals in the world is that erected on Ward's Island, connected with the Castle Garden establishment. It was planned by Jonn W. Ritch, and has been pronounced as among the most perfect models of hospital construction. The amount expended for the buildings of the hospital was $187,373 19. The report says that the number of inmates, whether diseased in the hospital or infirm and helpless in the other depart ment during the year was 10,306, being 2,881 more than in 1865, and 5,395 more than in the year preceding. The average number at any one time was about 1,081. The net cost of support of the Emigrant Hospita was $142,749 35, being $13,543 98 more than in 1865, $26,726 64 more than 1864, $75,695 21 more than in 1863, $96,604 95 more than in 1862, $87,507 14 more than in 1861, $83,835 94 more than in 1860, and $87,858 95 more than in 1859. During the first month of the present year it averaged $1,182, and is at the present about $1,700. The following summary gives the aggregate results of the practice, both medical and surgical, during 1866: Cared for in hospital during 1866 (including 647 remaining on 1st January, 1866,) together with 438 births..... Number discharged, cured or relieved. Number died Number remaining at the end of the year.. 6,829 5,468 788 573 The whole of the institutions under the supervision of the Board of Emigration are yearly becoming more extensive; and this bureau, it will be observed, is to-day one of the largest in the country. Its efforts are in every way commendable for the good already accomplished. IMMIGRATION THIS YEAR. The emigration during the present year is somewhat in excess of last year. From January to August 21st, 1867, we have as follows: The following is the total amount for each month up to August 21, 1867: RAILROAD EARNINGS FOR JULY. The gross earnings for the under-mentioned railroads for the month of July, 1866 and 1867, comparatively, and the difference (increase or decrease) between the two periods, are exhibited in the following state The gross earnings per mile of road operated for the same month of the two years, are shown in the table which follows: |