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'Samuel Livermore was elected Feb. 20, 1795, but declined.

2 Vice President Gerry died in preceding Congress.

Continuing from preceding session; elected Mar. 6, 1817 (special session of the Senate). Special session of the Senate.

Nathaniel Macon, of North Carolina, was first elected on the same day, but declined to serve. Littleton W. Tazwell, of Virginia, was first elected, but declined to serve.

"Continuing from preceding session.

Special session of the Senate. Resigned as President pro tempore May 31, 1842.

Served as President pro tempore 1 day, under designation by the Vice President.

10 Resigned as President pro tempore Dec. 20, 1852.

11 For 1 day only.

12 Continued from preceding Congress.

13 Served June 5, 1856; resigned June 11, 1856.

14 Served Jan. 5, 1856.

15 Special session of the Senate. Elected "to serve in the absence of the Vice President" and served until Mar. 2, 1867.

16 Special session of the Senate. Resigned Mar. 3, 1883.

17 Reelected.

18 Resigned, effective Feb. 26, 1887.

19 Resigned as President pro tempore, effective Mar. 2, 1891.

20 Resigned as President pro tempore Mar. 22, 1893.

21 Resigned as President pro tempore Jan. 10, 1895.

22 Resigned as President pro tempore Apr. 27, 1911.

23 Elected to serve Dec. 4 to 12, 1911.

24 Elected to serve Jan. 15 to 17, Mar. 11 and 12, Apr. 8, May 10, May 30 to June 3, June 13 to July 5, Aug. 1 to 10, and Aug. 27 to Dec. 15, 1912; Jan. 5 to 18 and Feb. 2 to 15, 1913. 25 Elected to serve Feb. 12 to 14, Apr. 26 and 27, May 7, July 6 to 31, Aug. 12 to 26, 1912, Dec. 16, 1912, to Jan. 4, 1913; Jan 19 to Feb. 1 and Feb. 16 to Mar. 3, 1913.

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798.3

798.5

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This office was established by S. Res. 17, 95-1, agreed to Jan. 10, 1977 (effective Jan. 5, 1977) The resolution provided that "[a]ny Member of the Senate who has held the Office of President of the United States or Vice President of the United States shall be a Deputy President pro tempore".

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1 Development of this office started in 1963 upon adoption of S. Res. 232 and S Res. 238, making Senator Metcalf Permanent Acting President Pro Tempore from Dec. 9, 1963, until meeting of the second regular session of the 88th Congress. On Feb. 7, 1964, S. Res. 296 was adopted authorizing Senator Metcalf "to perform the duties of the Chair as Acting President Pro Tempore until otherwise ordered by the Senate."

2 Died Jan. 12, 1978.

[799]

SENATORS OF THE UNITED STATES

FROM THE FIRST CONGRESS TO THE BEGINNING OF THE FIRST SESSION OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH CONGRESS

CLASSIFICATION OF SENATORS

Under Article I, section 3, clause 2, of the Constitution of the United States, relating to the classification of Senators in the First and succeeding Congresses, it was provided that, "Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every second year." The classification of the Senators of the First Congress was made in accordance with this provision by lot. The following table shows the classes to which the Senators of the First Congress, and from States subsequently admitted into the Union, were severally assigned, and the succession in each State to the beginning of the first session of the Ninety-seventh Congress.

TERMS OF SENATORS

Technically, pursuant to the Twentieth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, ratified January 23, 1933, the terms of Members of the Senate commence at noon on the third day of January and end six years later at noon on the third day of January. In view of the impracticality of dealing with split days, however, it has been the long established practice for payment of salaries, computation of allowances, and recording of service to credit a Member for the full day of the third of January he takes office and to consider his term as ended at the close of business on the second of January six years later.

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