OF

Events in the History of British Settlement in
New South Wales (Australia).

1770

1774 1788

1789

1790

1791

1792

1793

1794

1795

1796

Captain Cook landed at Botany Bay, 28th April, 1770.
Discovery of Norfolk Island by Captain Cook.

"First Fleet," under the command of Captain A. Phillip, anchored in Botan y
Bay, 18th-20th January; formal possession taken of Sydney Cove, Port
Jackson, 26th January: 1,035 persons debarked-First Divine Service
performed on shore by Rev. Richard Johnson, 3rd February-Governor
Arthur Phillip formally proclaimed the Colony, 7th February-Norfolk
Island established as a dependency-French Navigator La Pérouse visited
Botany Bay-Earthquake shocks-Lord Howe Island discovered by Lieu-
tenant Ball-First settlement at Rose Hill (afterwards Parramatta)-
Observatory established at Dawes' Point-First Criminal Court-First
cultivation of Wheat and Barley-Immigrants sought by Governor Phillip-
Pittwater, Brisbane Water, Hawkesbury River discovered.

Hawkesbury River explored-First harvest (Wheat and Barley) reaped at
Parramatta-Hurricane at Norfolk Island-Disease (small-pox) among
aboriginals-Nepean River discovered-First colonial-built boat, "Rose
Hill Packet," launched.

Second Fleet arrived with New South Wales Corps, Lieutenant John Macarthur
(Founder of sheep-breeding in Australia)" Sirius " lost at Norfolk
Island-First brick store erected at Sydney-Scarcity of provisions-Signal
Station established at South Head, Port Jackson-Population of Colony,
1,713; of Norfolk Island, 524.

Third Fleet arrived-Lieutenant-Governor King brought Territorial Seal and
Royal Authority to grant pardons-Settlements at Prospect Hill and The
Ponds-Corps of Marines relieved by New South Wales Corps-Whaling
and sealing first colonial industries-First grants of land to settlers-
First Exploration Map of Australia published.

First foreign trading vessel "Philadelphia" arrived-Population of Colony,
3,077-Governor Phillip returned to England-Military administration by
Captain Francis Grose, Lieutenant-Governor.

Governor Phillip resigned-First free immigrants arrived in the "Bellona" and
settled at Liberty Plains, afterwards migrated to Hawkesbury River-
Exploration of Blue Mountains attempted-First surplus (1,200 bushels)
of maize sold by settlers to Government at 5s. per bushel-First place
of public worship built in Sydney.

Hawkesbury River settlement-Lieutenant-Governor Captain Francis Grose
left for England, succeeded by Captain William Paterson.
Hawkesbury River agricultural settlements flooded-Governor Hunter arrived
-First printing press erected-Descendants of strayed cattle found at
Cowpastures, Nepean River-Cowpastures reserved for Crown cattle-
Serious damage to crops by hailstorms-First important civil action at law.
Port Hacking explored by Bass and Flinders-Duck River Bridge built-First
theatre opened-Bass tried to cross Blue Mountains-Coal found at Port
Stephens Population of Colony, 4,016-First school opened at Parramatta
-Coal discovered by fishermen at Newcastle.

82383-A

1797. Coal discovered at Illawarra (Coalcliff) and near Coal (Hunter) River-Bass discovered Twofold Bay-Merino sheep imported from Cape of Good Hope-Tuggerah Lakes discovered-Granary at Sydney completedConflict with blacks at Parramatta.

1798

1799

1800

1801

1802

1803

1804

1805

1806

1807

1808

1809

1810

1811

Town Clock set up at Sydney-First Church (Rev. Richard Johnson's) burned-
Severe hailstorms-Insularity of Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) established
by Bass and Flinders-Bass discovered Bass Strait, Western Port, &c.—
First drought recorded-Churches founded: St. John's, Parramatta, and
St. Phillip's Sydney.

Bass and Flinders returned from Van Diemen's Land-Flinders explored North
Coast-Wilson reached Lachlan River via Mittagong Tableland-Hawkes-
bury floods-Two whaling ships arrived in Port Jackson with a Spanish
prize vessel which they had captured off coast of Peru-Coal shipped from
Hunter River District-Population of Colony, 5,088.

Governor Hunter recalled; succeeded by Governor King-Customs House
established at Sydney-Import duties first levied-First Volunteer Force
for defence raised at Sydney-Flinders' Chart of Bass Strait and Van
Diemen's Land published-Population of Colony, 5,217.

First issue of copper coin-Hunter River coal-mines worked-First colonial
manufacture of blankets and linen-First rough census muster-"Loyal
Association" volunteer corps formed--Grape vines planted by G. Suttor.
Port Phillip discovered by Lieutenant Murray-First book (General Standing
Orders) printed in Sydney-Flinders' explorations.

First sample of Australian wool taken to England by Captain Macarthur-Caley
attempted to cross Blue Mountains-Battery, at George's Head completed-
First Roman Catholic services by Rev. W. Dixon-First newspaper
(Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser) published in Sydney-
First settlement established at Risdon, in Van Diemen's Land, by Lieutenant
Bowen-New South Wales Corps reduced to peace footing-Yarra River,
Melbourne, discovered-Attempted colonisation of Port Phillip by Lieut.-
Colonel David Collins-Matthew Flinders completed the circumnavigation
of Australia.

Newcastle settlement-" George III flock of merinos "arrived-Dutch merchant ship" Swift" taken prize by English whaler" Policy" in Malay Archipelago and brought to Sydney-Castle Hill Convict outbreak.

Captain Macarthur received a grant of 5,000 acres including part of Cow-
pastures reserve; began sheep-farming at Camden with imported Spanish
Merinos-Population of Colony, 8,542.

Governor King resigned; Governor Bligh arrived-"March Floods" on
Hawkesbury and South Creek-Shortage of provisions; Wheat, 80s. bushel
-Tobacco successfully cultivated.

Evacuation of Norfolk Island contemplated-Rum currency forbidden-
-First parcel of merchantable wool (245 lb.) exported to England.
Captain Macarthur arrested and tried-Governor Bligh deposed-Major
Johnston assumed Government.

Johnston and Macarthur proceeded to England-Free school established-
Street regulations-First Post Office conducted by Isaac Nichols-Governor
Macquarie arrived.

First horse-races, Hyde Park, Sydney-Sydney streets and Hyde Park
named-Toll-gates erected-Police Fund established-Windsor (formerly
Green Hills) and Liverpool named-New South Wales Corps returned to
England-Market regulations issued.

Public Pounds established-Lieutenant-Colonel Johnston tried by court-
martial-Sydney Hospital foundation laid-Tank Stream bridge enlarged
-Sydney Common land designated-Burial grounds consecrated-Illicit
distillation prevalent-Governor Macquarie's tour of Settlements, Hawkes-
bury River, Tasmania, and New South Wales coastal harbours.