October, 1758. Dr. Clephane is remembered as the intimate friend and correspondent of David Hume the historian.

GEORGE MACAULAY, M.D.-A doctor of medicine of Padua, of 16th April, 1739; was admitted an ExtraLicentiate of the College of Physicians 24th September, 1746. In 1752 he removed to London, and on the 25th June of that year was admitted a Licentiate. He was physician and treasurer to the Lying-in hospital in Brownlow-street. About the year 1756, as Dr. Denman tells us, there was a consultation of the most eminent obstetricians in London to consider the moral rectitude of and advantages which might be expected from the induction of premature labour in certain cases of contracted pelvis; when the plan received their general approval, and it was decided to adopt it for the future. The first case in which it was considered necessary was undertaken with success by Dr. Macaulay in 1756. He died the 16th September, 1766.

JAMES DARGENT was admitted a Licentiate of the College 3rd July, 1752. He was physician to the Westminster hospital from 1762 to 1787.

DANIEL PETER LAYARD, M.D., was a doctor of medicine of Rheims of 9th March, 1742. He was elected physician-accoucheur to the Middlesex hospital in April, 1747; but, his health giving way shortly afterwards, he retired for a time to the continent. On his return to England he settled at Huntingdon, and practised there for some years with eminent success. He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 3rd July, 1752. About 1762 he quitted Huntingdon, and, returning to London, soon got into extensive practice as an accoucheur. Dr. Layard died at Greenwich in February, 1802, in the eighty-second year of his age. He was a fellow of the Royal societies of London and Gottingen, and a vice-president of the British Lying-in

hospital, of which he had been one of the founders. He was brother to Mary Anne duchess of Ancaster, and father to the dean of Bristol. In 1792 he had the honorary degree of D.C.L. conferred upon him by the university of Oxford. Dr. Layard contributed some papers to the "Philosophical Transactions," and published-

An Essay on the Contagious Distemper among the Horned Cattle in these Kingdoms. 8vo. Lond. 1757.

Essay on the Bite of a Mad Dog. 8vo. Lond. 1762.

An Account of the Somersham Water in the county of Huntingdon. 8vo. Lond. 1767.

Pharmacopoeia in Usum Gravidarum Puerperarum, &c. 8vo. Lond. 1776.

ROBERT PATE, M.D.-A doctor of medicine of Aberdeen, of 12th June, 1750; was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 30th September, 1752. He was elected physician to St. Bartholomew's hospital 16th January, 1752; and died at his house in Hattongarden 13th January, 1762.

EDWARD ARCHER, M.D., was born in Southwark, and studied his profession first in Edinburgh, and afterwards at Leyden, where he proceeded doctor of medicine 26th August, 1746 (D.M.I. de Rheumatismo, 4to.). He was elected physician to the Small-pox hospital in 1747; and was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 30th September, 1752. The great object of Dr. Archer's life was the improvement of the practice in small-pox, and the advancement of inoculation. He was a humane, judicious, and learned physician; and to the study of medicine he added that of polite literature, which he patronised in most of its branches. He was an accomplished classical scholar and left behind him a valuable and well-chosen library. Possessing a fortune adequate to his views in life, and being fond of retirement and study, he was never solicitous about the emoluments of his profession, and for some years before his death altogether declined private

practice. His health at length giving way, and symptoms of hydrothorax manifesting themselves, he expressed a wish to be removed to the Small-pox hospital, that he might die in an institution whose welfare he had so much at heart, and with which he had been so long and so honourably associated. Rooms were forthwith prepared for his reception, and he died there on the 28th March, 1789, in the seventy-second year of his age. His remains were interred in a vault belonging to his family at Woodford in Essex. The funeral, which took place on the 4th April, was attended by the treasurer, house committee, and several governors of the Small-pox hospital, who were anxious to testify their regard for one who had served the institution so long and so well. To the hospital, which owes so much to his incessant and benevolent exertions during the long period of forty-two years, Dr. Archer by his will bequeathed 500l. In the board room of the hospital is an excellent whole-length portrait of Dr. Archer, by Pine, done in the year 1782, at the expense of the thirteen governors who at that time composed the house committee. To each of those gentlemen who should be alive at the time of his decease, the doctor bequeathed the amount of their subscription on that occasion.

JOHN MONRO, M.D., was the eldest son of James Monro, M.D., a fellow of the college before mentioned, and was born at Greenwich 16th November, 1715. He received his rudimentary education at Merchant Taylors' school, and in 1733 was sent to St. John's college, Oxford, of which society he became a fellow. He proceeded A.B. 13th May, 1737; A.M. 11th July, 1740; and in the April following was elected one of the Radcliffe travelling fellows. He studied physic first at Edinburgh and then at Leyden; and was admitted bachelor of medicine at Oxford, as a member of University college, 10th December, 1743. Returning to the continent, he resided for some time in Paris, again visited Holland, and after a short stay there proceeded

to Germany. He then visited Italy and returned through France to England, which he reached in 1751, when the term of his travelling fellowship had expired. During his absence the university of Oxford had conferred upon him (27th June, 1747), the degree of doctor of medicine by diploma. His father's health beginning to decline, he was, on the 24th July, 1751, shortly after his arrival in England, appointed joint physician with him to Bethlem hospital; and on Dr. James Monro's death, the following year, he was continued sole physician.

Dr. Monro was admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1752; and a Fellow, 25th June, 1753. He was Censor in 1754, 1759, 1763, 1768, 1772, 1778, 1785; and he delivered the Harveian oration in 1757, on which occasion he was honoured by the presence of Don John de Braganza, brother to the king of Portugal. Dr. Monro limited his practice almost exclusively to insanity, and in the treatment of that disease is said to have attained to greater eminence and success than any of his contemporaries. In January, 1783, while still in full business, he was attacked with paralysis. The strength of his constitution, however, enabled him to overcome the first effects of his disorder and resume the exercise of his profession, but his vigour, both of mind and body, began from that time to decline. In 1787 his son Dr. Thomas Monro was appointed his assistant at Bethlem hospital, and he then gradually withdrew from business. In the beginning of 1791 he retired to Hadley, near Barnet, and there continued until his death, which occurred, after a short illness, on the 27th December, 1791, in the seventyseventh year of his age.

Dr. Monro possessed a correct and elegant taste for the fine arts, and his collection of books and engravings was very considerable. He was deeply versed in the early history of engraving, and the specimens he had collected of the works of the earlier engravers were select and curious. From these, as well as from the

communications of Dr. Monro, Mr. Strutt derived great assistance in the preparation of his "History of Engravers." Horace and Shakspeare were Dr. Monro's favourite authors, and his notes and remarks on the latter were considerable. These he communicated to Mr. Steevens previous to the publication by that gentleman of the works of our immortal bard. Dr. Monro's fondness for reading was great, and proved a considerable resource to him in the evening of life-fortunately he was able to avail himself of this solace till within a very few days of his death. His only published writings were his Harveian oration, and a small pamphlet entitled Remarks on Dr. Battie's Treatise on Madness." 8vo. Lond. 1758. This feeling tribute to a father's memory, whose character he considered had been unjustly assailed by Dr. Battie, has been already alluded to. It perfectly effected its object, and, it is said, covered Dr. Battie with well-merited ridicule. portrait of Dr. John Monro, presented by his greatgrandson Dr. Henry Monro, is in the College diningroom. To Dr. John Monro the College is indebted for two very fine manuscripts "of our ancient and great benefactor Dr. Hamey.' For these the thanks of the College were voted 25th June, 1783.

A

ANTHONY ASKEW, M.D., was born at Kendal, in Westmoreland, in 1722. He was the eldest son of Adam Askew, M.B., of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, by his wife Ann, daughter and co-heiress of Richard Crackenthorp, esq., of Newbiggin, co. Westmoreland. His father was a physician in such estimation at Newcastle that he was considered another Radcliffe, and was consulted by all the families of consequence for many miles around. Anthony Askew was educated at the grammar school of Sedburgh, whence he proceeded to Emmanuel college, Cambridge, of which he was elected a fellow, and where he remained until December, 1745, when he took the degree of bachelor of medicine. He then went to Leyden and remained there twelve months,