college, Cambridge, 17th May, 1770, aged seventeen, and as a member of that house proceeded M.B. 1777; M.D. 1782. He was admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1783; a Fellow, 25th June, 1784; was Censor in 1784; and Gulstonian lecturer in 1785. He was elected physician to St. Bartholomew's hospital 26th August, 1784; and died of fever 24th July, 1786, in the thirty-sixth year of his

age.

ADAIR CRAWFORD, M.D., was born at Antrim, in Ireland, and took his degree of doctor of medicine at Glasgow 24th January, 1780. He then settled in London, was appointed physician to the General dispensary; and on the resignation of Dr. H. R. Reynolds, was elected physician to St. Thomas's hospital. He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1784; and a fellow of the Royal Society 18th May, 1786. Dr. Crawford was an accomplished chemist, and will long be remembered as the author of an ingenious theory on the origin of animal heat. He held the professorship of chemistry at Woolwich, and died at the marquis of Lansdowne's seat, near Lymington, Hants, whither he had gone for the benefit of his health, on the 29th July, 1795. His epitaph was written by Mr. Gilbert Wakefield for a monument which lord Lansdowne had purposed erecting to the memory of his friend. The monument was not completed, in consequence of the death of the marquis, which occurred shortly after he had given orders for its erection. Mr. Wakefield's inscription was as follows:

To the Memory of

ADAIR CRAWFORD, M.D. F.R.S.,
who departed this life on the 29th of
July, 1795, in the forty-seventh year of his age.
In the practice of his profession
intelligent, liberal, and humane;

in his manner

gentle, diffident, and unassuming:
his unaffected deference to the wants of

others,

his modest estimation of himself,
the infant simplicity of his demeanour,
the pure emanation

of kind affection, and a blameless heart,
rendered him universally beloved!
To these virtues of the man,

his contemporaries alone can testify.
As a votary of science,

and Author of a treatise on Animal Heat,
posterity will repeat his praise.

The most noble the Marquis of Lansdowne,
to whose house the Doctor had retired
from London, for a respite from the
duties of his profession, and who

respected him while living,

erected this Monument to his Memory.

Dr. Crawford was the author of

Experiments and Observations on Animal Heat, and the Inflammation of Combustible Bodies. 8vo. Lond. 1779.

An Experimental Enquiry into the Effects of Tonics and other Medicinal Substances on the cohesion of the Animal Fibre. Edited by Ad. Crawford. 8vo. Lond. 1816.

WILLIAM ROWLEY, M.D., was of Irish extraction, but was born in London on the 18th November, 1743. He was bred a surgeon; and in that capacity was in the king's service from 1760 to 1765; and was present at the siege of Belleisle, and the taking of Havannah. He commenced practice in London as a surgeon and accoucheur, but after a few years, viz., on the 23rd April, 1774, obtained a degree of doctor of medicine from the university of St. Andrew's; and was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1784. He had some time previous to this entered himself at St. Alban's hall, Oxford, with the view of qualifying himself for admission to the Fellowship of the College of Physicians; and as a member of that house he proceeded A.B. 9th June, 1784; A.M. 24th May, 1787; M.B. 17th July, 1788. Some objections on account of non-residence, or some deviation from the statutes of the university, were opposed to his further progress;

and he was not allowed to complete his doctor's degree. Dr. Rowley was physician to the Marylebone infirmary, and consulting physician to the Queen's Lying-in hospital. He died at his house in Savile-row 17th March, 1806, and was buried with much pomp in St. James's chapel, Hampstead-road.

Dr. Rowley was a determined opponent of vaccination, and obtained an unenviable notoriety by his association with Dr. Moseley in opposing every conceivable obstacle to the reception and progress of that invaluable discovery. His writings, which were numerous, are most of them popular in style, addressed to the public rather than to the profession; and were calculated to promote his own private interests rather than to advance the science and art which it was his province to cultivate and practise. They have long fallen into complete and deserved oblivion. Neither his character nor career were of a kind we delight to dwell on. I hasten, therefore, to the following list of his writings :—

A Treatise on the Causes and Cure of Swelled Legs, on Dropsies, and on the Modes of retarding the Decay of the Constitution in the Decline of Life. 8vo. Lond. 1770.

Essay on Ophthalmia, or Inflammation of the Eyes and the Diseases of the Transparent Cornea. 8vo. Lond. 1771.

Essay on the Cure of Gonorrhoea, or fresh contracted Venereal Disease, without the use of internal medicines. 8vo. Lond. 1771. Practical Essay on the Disease of the Breasts of Women. 8vo. Lond. 1772.

A Course of Lectures on the Theory and Practice of Midwifery. 8vo. Lond. 1773.

A Letter to Dr. William Hunter, occasioned by the Death of the late Lady Holland. 8vo. Lond. 1774.

A Second Letter to Dr. Hunter. 8vo. Lond. 1775.

Medical Advice for the Army and Navy in the present American Expedition. 8vo. Lond. 1776.

Seventy-four Select Cases, with the Manner of Cure, and the proportion of the Remedies. 8vo. Lond. 1778.

An Essay on the Malignant Ulcerated Sore Throat. 8vo. Lond. 1778.

The Gout and Rheumatism cured or alleviated. 8vo. Lond. 1780. A Treatise on Female, Nervous, Hysterical, Hypochondriacal, Bilious, Convulsive Diseases, Apoplexy, and Palsy. 8vo. Lond.

A Treatise on Regular, Irregular, Atonic, and Flying Gout. 8vo. Lond. 1792.

Observations on the Causes of the great number of Deaths in Putrid Scarlet Fevers and Ulcerated Sore Throats. 8vo. Lond. 1793.

Schola Medicinæ Universalis Nova, historiam, anatomiam, physiologiam atque pathologiam specialem continens, cum 68 tabulis æneis. 2 tom. 4to. 1793.

The New Universal History and School of Medicine, translated into English from the original Greek and Latin edition. 4to. Lond. 1793.

The Rational and Improved Practice of Physic, &c. 4 yols. 8vo. Lond. 1793.

The most Cogent Reasons why Astringent Injections, Caustic, Bougies, and violent Salivations in Venereal Affections should be banished for ever from practice. 8vo. Lond.

A Treatise on the Hydrocephalus, or Watery Head of Children. 8vo. Lond.

Truth Vindicated; or, the Specific Differences of Mental Diseases ascertained. 8vo. Lond. 1790.

A Treatise on the Plague, Putrid, Malignant, Infectious Fevers of Spain, Gibraltar, Hot Climates, &c. 8vo. Lond.

Cow-pox Inoculation no Security against Small-pox Infection. 8vo. Lond.

JOHN MEYER, M.D., was the son of a banker at Vienna, and was born at Lindau, on the lake of Constance, 27th December, 1749. He entered the university of Strasburg in 1764; and after an extended classical and medical education, proceeded doctor of medicine in 1771 (D.M.I. de Fistula Ani. 4to.). He then studied for three years under Quarin at Vienna; and after visiting Dresden, Leipsic, and Berlin, came to London and attended the medical practice of Guy's hospital. He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1784. He practised for some years in London, and died at Brighton, after a lingering illness, on the 30th July, 1825, aged seventy-five.

THOMAS KNOWLES, M.D.-A native of Yorkshire, who was entered on the physic line at Leyden 18th June, 1771, being then thirty-five years of age, and graduated doctor of medicine there in 1772 (D.M.I. de Vita Sedentaria), was admitted a Licentiate of the Col

lege of Physicians 25th June, 1784. He died at his house in Lombard-street, 16th November, 1786. His widow, a Quaker, was eminent for her skill in needlework.*

GEORGE PEARSON, M.D., was born in 1751, at Rotherham in Yorkshire; and after a good preliminary education was sent to Edinburgh, between which, Leyden and London, he pursued his medical studies. He took the degree of doctor of medicine at Edinburgh in 1774 (D.M.I. de Putredine Animalibus post Mortem superveniente). Dr. Pearson settled in the first instance at Doncaster, but subsequently removed to London; was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1784; and elected physician to St. George's hospital 23rd February, 1787. He was admitted a fellow of the Royal Society 30th June, 1791. For a long series of years he lectured on chemistry, materia medica, and the practice of physic. As a lecturer he was plain, distinct, comprehensive, and impressively energetic, and on many occasions he was argumentative, often witty, and even eloquent when a favourite subject was the object of display. His lectures were always popular, and to the last he commanded a numerous class. As a practitioner he was judicious and safe rather than strikingly acute or original. He was a sound Latin scholar, a disinterested friend, a good-humoured and jocose companion; he abounded in anecdotes, which in his lectures, equally as in society, he told with excellent effect. He was a passionate admirer of Shakespeare, was in the constant habit of quoting him, and left in manuscript some clever commentaries on the great dramatic bard. He and Kemble knew each other at Doncaster, and their intimacy continued long after. Dr. Pearson continued in practice to the last. He died at his house in Hanover-square, from a fall down stairs, on the 9th November, 1828, aged seventy-seven. He was a frequent con

Public Characters, 1799-1800, p. 545.