and soon gained the full confidence and esteem of the emperor and of the several members of the imperial family. Within a few years he was appointed to the head of the whole Civil Medical Department; and in this capacity was much consulted by the dowager Empress, in the construction and regulation of many institutions which owe their origin to her active charity and watchful superintendence.

Dr. Crichton's exertions to mitigate the horrors of an epidemic, which was devastating the south-eastern provinces of Russia in 1809, were most exemplary, and were fully acknowledged by the emperor, who conferred on him the knight grand cross of the order of St. Anne and St. Vladimir, third class; and in 1814 for his long and faithful services that of the second class.

Having obtained leave of absence on account of the state of his health, Dr. Crichton returned to this country in the spring of 1819; but in the following year was recalled to Russia to take charge of the grand duchess Alexandra, whom he accompanied on her convalescence to Berlin, where he stayed for a short time, and then returned to his family. On the 27th December, 1820, Frederic William III of Prussia created him knight grand cross of the Red Eagle, second class; and in 1821 he was knighted by George IV, and obtained the royal permission to wear his foreign orders.* Sir Alexander Crichton died at Sevenoaks, Kent, 4th June, 1856, at the patriarchal age of ninety-two, having been for many years the senior licentiate of the College. He was buried in the cemetery at Norwood. He was the author of

An Inquiry into the Nature and Origin of Mental Derangement, comprehending a Concise System of the Physiology and Pathology of the Human Mind; and, A History of the Passions and their Effects. 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1798.

A Synoptical Table of Diseases, exhibiting their Arrangement in Classes, Orders, Genera, and Species, designed for the use of Students. Lond. 1805.

*Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, vol. viii, p. 269. 2 E

VOL. II.

An Account of some Experiments with the Vapour of Tar in the Cure of Pulmonary Consumption. 8vo. Edinb. 1817.

On the Treatment and Cure of Pulmonary Consumption. 8vo. Lond. 1823.

Commentaries on some Doctrines of a Dangerous Tendency in Medicine, and on the General Principles of Safe Practice. 8vo. Lond. 1842.

JOHN ROGERSON, M.D.-A native of Scotland, and a doctor of medicine, of Edinburgh, of 24th June, 1786 (D.M.I. de Sanguinis Detractionis Usu et Abusu); was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1791. He died (I believe) at Dumcrieff 21st December, 1823.

JOSEPH SHAW, M.D.-A native of Cheshire, and a doctor of medicine of Aberdeen of the 21st May, 1787, was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1791.

SOLOMON DE LEON, M.D., was born in the island of St. Christopher, and educated at Leyden, where he proceeded doctor of medicine 17th September, 1790 (D.M.I. de Inflammatione). He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1791.

CHARLES SCOTT, M.D.-A native of Yorkshire, and a doctor of medicine, of Edinburgh, of 24th June, 1790 (D.M.I. de Podagrâ); was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1791.

JOHN HEMMING, M.D., was born at Kingston, in Surrey, and was the son of Mr. Thomas Hemming, a surgeon in that town. He received his medical education at Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor of medicine 24th June, 1785 (D.M.I. de Somno). He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 30th September, 1791; and, settling in London, was appointed physician to the Marylebone infirmary. Subsequently he removed to Newbury, and thence to Andover, where he died on the 16th February, 1809.

EDMOND SOMERS, M.D., was born in Dublin, and educated at Trinity college, where he took the degree of bachelor of arts; after which he removed to Edinburgh, and graduated doctor of medicine there 12th September, 1783 (D.M.I. de Sonis et Auditu). He then visited the medical schools of Paris and Leyden; and, returning to Dublin, was elected a member of the Royal Irish Academy. Dr. Somers was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 22nd December, 1791, and then commenced practice in London; but in 1795 was appointed physician to the Forces. His first destination in that capacity was the Cape of Good Hope, where he remained several years, and was placed at the head of the medical staff as director of hospitals. Returning to England, he was employed for a time upon the home district; but ere long proceeded as staff physician to Jamaica. After two years' residence in that island he was compelled by ill health to return to England. His health improving, he joined the army in the Peninsula, and remained there, doing duty at the principal depôts during the whole of the operations in Portugal and Spain. Soon after the battle of Waterloo, Dr. Somers retired from active service, and fixed his abode in London, where he died (I believe) in 1828. He was the author of "Commentariolum, quædam de Dysenteriâ, Febribus Intermittentibus ac Remittentibus Medendis complectens, Exercitus Castrenses per certas Anni Tempestates potissimum infestantibus," 8vo. Lond. 1816; an English version of which was published by the author the same year.

THOMAS BRADLEY, M.D., was born in Worcestershire, in which county he for many years conducted a school, where mathematics, in which he was a proficient, was the prominent department of study. About the year 1786 he withdrew from the business of education, and, devoting himself to medicine, proceeded to Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor of medicine 24th June, 1791 (D.M.I. de Epispasticorum Usu). He then

settled in London, and was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 22nd December, 1791. Dr. Bradley edited the "Medical and Physical Journal" for many years; was physician to the Westminster hospital from 1794 to 1811; and died in St. George's fields in 1813, aged sixty-two. His retired habits in early life had unfitted him for the metropolis, to which he proved unequal, rather from diffidence than from want of professional knowledge. He was more read in books. than in men; and, as he always hesitated, like a genuine mathematician, to draw conclusions from uncertain premises, he appeared to little advantage in the sick room. His portrait, by Medley, was engraved by N. Branwhite. He published—

A New Medical Dictionary, containing a Concise Explanation of all the Terms used in Medicine, Surgery, Pharmacy, Botany, Natural History, and Chemistry, compiled by the late J. Fox, M.D. Revised and augmented. 12mo. Lond. 1803.

A Treatise on Worms and other Animals which infest the Human Body. 12mo. Lond. 1813.

WILLIAM SCOT, M.D.-A native of Edinburgh, and a doctor of medicine of Glasgow, of 26th June, 1786; was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 2nd April, 1792.

EDWARD GOODMAN CLARKE, M.D.-A native of London, and a doctor of medicine of Aberdeen, of 24th October, 1791; was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 2nd April, 1792. He held the office of physician to the army, and was the author of the following works-—

Medicine Praxeos Compendium, Symptomata, Causas, Diagnosin, Prognosin, et Medendi rationem exhibens. 12mo. Lond. 1799. The Modern Practice of Physic. 8vo. Lond. 1805.

Pharmacopoeiarum Collegiorum Regalium Londini, Edinburgi et Eblanæ Conspectus Medicus. 12mo. Lond. 1810.

Conspectus of the London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Pharmacopoeias. 12mo. Lond. 1810.

The New London Practice of Physic. 8vo. Lond. 1812.

JOHN MULLER, M.D.-A doctor of medicine of the university of Copenhagen, of 1st July, 1787 (D.M.I. de Medicamentis Antimonialibus, 8vo.); was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1792. He practised at Christiana, in Norway.

RICHARD TEMPLE, M.D., was born at Malton, in Yorkshire, and received his medical education at Edinburgh and Leyden. He proceeded doctor of medicine in the last-named university 8th October, 1791, being then thirty-two years of age (D.M.I. de Synocha), and was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1792. Settling in London, he was in 1802, elected physician to the Marylebone dispensary. Dr. Temple died 14th May, 1826. He was the author

of

The Practice of Physic; wherein is attempted a concise Exposition of the Characters, Causes, Symptoms of Diseases, and Method of Cure. 8vo. Lond. 1792.

JOHN AIKEN, M.D., was the son of a dissenting minister, and was born at Kibworth, in Leicestershire, 15th January, 1747. After a good preliminary education from his father, who kept a respectable and well frequented boarding school, and then at the Dissenters' academy at Warrington, to which his father had been appointed theological tutor, he was apprenticed to Maxwell Garthshore, at that time practising as an apothecary at Uppingham, who afterwards graduated in physic, settled in London as an accoucheur, and has been mentioned in this volume. He studied medicine at Edinburgh; and in 1771 settled as a surgeon at Chester, but soon removed to Warrington, and was appointed lecturer on physiology and chemistry to the Dissenters' academy there. He proceeded doctor of medicine, at Leyden, 19th July, 1784 (D.M.I. de Lactis Secretione in Puerperis); and then settled as a physician at Yarmouth, where he continued with steadily increasing professional reputation for a period of eight years. Towards the end of that time he became involved in