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STATEMENT SHOWING THE DAY OF ARRIVAL, NUMBER OF PASSENGERS AND SPECIE OF
VANDERBILT'S LINE INTO THE PORT OF NEW YORK DURING THE YEAR 1851.

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STATEMENT SHOWING THE DAY OF SAILING AND NUMBER OF PASSENGERS OF THE UNITED
STATES AND PACIFIC MAIL STEANSHIP COMPANIES, OUT OF THE PORT OF NEW YORK
DURING THE YEAR 1851.

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STATEMENT SHOWING THE DAY OF ARRIVAL, NUMBER OF PASSENGERS AND SPECIE OF THE
UNITED STATES AND PACIFIC MAIL STEAMSHIP COMPANIES INTO THE PORT OF NEW YORK
DURING THE YEAR 1851.

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STATEMENT SHOWING THE DAY OF SAILING AND NUMBER OF PASSENGERS OF MILLS' LINE OUT OF THE PORT OF NEW YORK DURING THE YEAR 1851.

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STATEMENT SHOWING THE DAY OF ARRIVAL AND NUMBER OF PASSENGERS OF MILLS' LINE, OUT OF THE PORT OF NEW YORK, DURING THE YEAR 1851.

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EFFECT OF RAILROADS ON COMMERCIAL CITIES.

MR. POOR, of the American Railroad Journal, in a brief editorial, gives a most striking as well as correct illustration of the effect of railroads in enlarging the circle of business of cities, as follows:

The city of New York is now accessible from every part of New England (with the exception of the eastern part of Maine) and the State of New York, by one day's journey on railroads. A traveler may leave Waterville, Me., which is 430 miles distant from New York; Montreal, Canada, which is 400; and Dunkirk and Buffalo, which are about 470, in the morning, and reach this city the same evening by continuous lines of railroad, at an average charge of two cents per mile. Light articles of freight, newspapers, etc., are forwarded to, and received from the same points with equal dispatch; so that the six millions of people residing within the States named, are within one day's time of this city. And in the evening, the most remote parts of it are, in the ordinary course of the mail, put into possession of our morning news; and, on the other hand, our shops and the stands in our markets display the delicacies and dainties which the morning light shone upon some 400 miles distant. The whole country within this distance, by means of railroads, is made the market garden of the city, and every inhabitant is brought into as intimate relation to it, as was the person who lived within 30 miles a few years since. A trip of a day is now sufficient to bring nearly every inhabitant of New York and New England to this city, and who may, if they choose, return home the next.

These facts will serve to show the influence that railroads are exerting, in the facilities they give in the movement of persons and property. To a city they increase the area of country tributary to it in a much a greater ratio than the length of their lines. To give a clearer idea, we will briefly illustrate this proposition. We will assume that the speed of the ordinary loaded team on common roads is 24 miles per hour, for 12 hours, which will give 30 miles as the extent of a day's travel, and 60 miles as the diameter of the circle from which a city without railroads could draw its daily supplies of food, etc. This would give an area of country of not far from 2,700 square miles.

The freight train on a railroad moves at an average rate of 12 miles an hour, or 288 miles in 24 hours. The circle within daily reach of a city by freight trains on railroads would be 576 miles, embracing an area of 124,416 square miles, or more than 46 times greater than the circle within reach of the same point by the ordinary wagon! By the use of railroads, therefore, a city increases its capacity for business, as well as its supplies of food, and all the articles used in the economy of life, 4,600 per cent!

It will be found upon calculation that the difference in cost of the two modes of carriage supposed, is in about the same ratio as the above distances.

The above statements are a most striking, as well as correct illustration, of the value of railroads, and demonstrate most clearly their importance in increasing the business of commercial, or trading points, and proves how necessary they are to farming communities, in creating a value for their products, in opening a market for them. They explain the rapid growth of cities, that are the termini of a large number of railroads, and the rapid appreciation in the value of the country they traverse. With an ordinary road, a farmer living sixty miles from a city may be without a market for many of his most important articles of produce from the cost of transportation, while another living upon a railroad but 400 miles from the same point, finds a ready sale for all he can raise at remunerating rates.

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Average cost of repairs per 100 miles run on Pennsylvania Railroad Average cost of repairs per 100 miles run on Baltimore and Ohio Railroad..

* Formerly the Porter-Rebuilt this year, 1851.

Engines marked (a) were built by M. W. Baldwin, the remainder by Norris & Brother.

$2.92 5 73

TOLLS ON JAMES RIVER AND KANAWHA CANAL.

TARIFF OF TOLLS PER TON OF 2,000 LBS. PER MILE, TO BE CHARGED ON THE JAMES RIVER AND KANAWHA CANAL, ADOPTED THE 6TH DAY OF FEBRUARY, 1852, TO GO INTO OPERATION ON THE FIRST DAY OF MARCH, 1852.

ARTICLES AT 4 CENTS PER TON PER MILE.

Anvils, ale, beer, bellows, books, burr-blocks, butter, candles, carpenters' work, carriages, crackers, cheese, Chinaware, confectionary, copper, copperas, cordage, cotton, cotton yarn and cotton bagging, cutlery, drugs, dry goods, dyestuffs, eggs, fancy articles, furniture, (household,) furs and peltry, fruits, foreign articles not otherwise designated, glass and glassware, hair, (curled,) hardware, hats, caps, &c., hides and skins, (dry,) honey, hops and herbs, joiners' work, leather, lemons, licorice, liquors, machinery, mechanics' tools, metals not otherwise designated, millstones, oil of all kinds, oranges, oysters not in the shell, paints, paper, pink-root, porter, poultry, powder, putty, raisins, rice, saddlery, saltpeter, stationery, seed of all kinds not otherwise designated, cigars, steam-engines, steel, spices, spirits turpentine, shoes and boots, snuff, sulphur, tallow, teas, tin and tinware, venison, vices, wrapping paper, woodware, zinc.

ARTICLES AT 3 CENTS PER TON PER MILE.

Bacon, beef, (salted and fresh,) coffee, groceries not otherwise designated, hempen yarns, lard mutton, pork, (salted and fresh,) sugar, wool.

ARTICLES AT 3 CENTS PER TON PER MILE.

Beeswax, cider, earthen and queensware, hemp, mahogany, moss, nails and spikes, soap, tobacco of all kinds, vinegar.

ARTICLES AT 2 CENTS PER TON PER MILE.

Agricultural products not otherwise designated, ashes, (pot and pearl,) apples and other dried fruits, chalk, feathers, fish, (salted and fresh,) ginseng and other roots, logwood, molasses, snake-root.

ARTICLES AT 2 CENTS PER TON PER MILE.

Agricultural implements, barley, beans, buckwheat and buckwheat flour, castings, (iron,) flax and flaxseed, flour, grindstones, hides, (green,) iron, (bar and railroad,) lead, (bar and pig,) marble, (dressed,) peas, pitch, potters' and stoneware, rosin, rye, stone, (dressed,) shot and shells, (cast iron,) shot, (lead,) tar, tobacco, (stems and scraps,) turpentine, wheat.

ARTICLES AT 14 CENTS PER TON PER MILE.

Apples and other green fruits, bark, (ground and unground,) barrels, casks, and boxes, (empty,) bloom-iron, caps, sills and dressed timber, salt.

ARTICLES AT 1 CENT PER TON PER MILE.

Bran and other mill offal, charcoal, coal-tar, coal and coke passing down the canal, corn and cornmeal, fruit trees and other shrubbery, hay, fodder, shucks, straw, &c., passing up canal, live-stock, ores, (except iron,) oats, (clean and sheaf,) oysters in shells, pig iron, potatoes of all kinds, rags and waste cotton, scrap-iron and old castings, shingles, vegetables.

ARTICLES ATCENT PER TON PER MILE.

Cement, clay, earth, and gravel, coal and coke passing up canal, ice, hay, fodder, and sheaf oats, coming down canal, lime passing up canal, limestone, marble, (rough,) mineral water, posts for fencing, slates for roofing, staves and heading, timber of all kinds, (undressed,) tiles for roofing.

ARTICLES ATCENT PER TON PER MILE.

Stone, (rough.)

ARTICLE AT 1.5TH CENT PER TON PER MILE.

Bricks, iron-ore, lime passing down canal, oyster-shells.

ARTICLES PAYING 12 CENTS PER ton for ALL DISTANCES.

Coke and coal for burning lime for improvement of the soil, wood for fuel, manures of all kinds and articles used as manure, rails for fencing.

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