Showing a consumption of 3,793,140 bales for the year. On these premises the Republican concludes that- If cur estimates of the weekly deliveries of cotton for consumption be near the truth, and the present rate of consumption is not checked, it appears that the demands of Commerce require a crop this year of nearly 3,800,000 bales. This amount of the raw material must be produced, otherwise the stock remaining over from the last crop will be consumed. The supply this year will, in all probability, not be greater than it was the last. It is not anticipated that the supply from foreign production will exceed that of last season, say about 450,000 bales. Is it probable that the present crop of the Southern States will go beyond 3,000,000 bales? If not, and we estimate the supply of the raw material from all quarters the same as that last year, and consumption should continue at the same rate, it would result as follows:Estimated production of cotton in the world... Estimated stock, September 1st, 1852...... Total supply for 1853 ..... Probable consumption at present rates... Leaving a stock of...... .bales 3,450,000 771,400 4,221,400 3,793,000 428,400 Thus it appears that, even allowing the supply from all quarters to reach the max imum of 4,225,000 bales at the present rate of consumption, there would only be a stock of 418,400 bales left of it at the close of the next cotton season, being 310,000 bales less than the stock on hand 1st September last. EXPORT OF LEATHER, BOOTS, AND SHOES FROM THE UNITED STATES. The subjoined statement of the export of leather, boots, and shoes, the product of the United States for the year ending June 30th, 1851, is compiled from the official returns of the Treasury Department: The importation of boots and shoes-exclusive of India rubber, valued at $29,161 ―as compiled for the year ending June 30, 1851, was $50,600. Exports of boots and shoes of American manufacture, during same period, $458,838-leaving a balance of $408.238 in favor of exports. From this balance should be deducted the value of 222,676 lbs. of leather exported, at 15 cents per lb, equal to $33,401 40, included in the aggregate value, and we have still a balance in favor of exports of $374,836 60. VIRGINIA TOBACCO TRADE, 1851-52. [FURNISHED BY A CORRESPONDENT OF THE "MERCHANTS' MAGAZINE," RICHMOND, Va.] Stock on hand and on ship-board, Oct. 1, 1851. Inspected the year ending Sept. 30, 1852 51,806 66,159 27,306 Manufactured and shipped coastwise.... 38,853 An unusually small quantity was shipped coastwise, and there was a very large increase in the quantity manufactured. Exclusive of that embraced in the 38,853 hhds., there was received from Roanoke 33,000 boxes, manufactured from uninspected tobacco, and loose tobacco equal to 4,000 hhds., or more, was probably received and manufactured in the several markets of Virginia. 13,771 5,019 EXPORTS OF FLOUR FROM JAMES RIVER TO FOREIGN PORTS AND CALIFORNIA, OCTOBER To Great Britain.. British N. A. Colonies 1, 1851 TO SEPTEMBER 30, 1852. ADVANCE IN THE PRICE OF SPERM AND WHALE OILS. The recent rapid advance in our oil market has been attended, step by step, with a corresponding advance in every department of the oil business. Every description has exhibited an upward tendency, until the subject has become of universal interest throughout the country. Whale oil has reached a price never before attained, while sperm continues high. This naturally affects, as we have said, lard oil, all substitutes for burning purposes, and generally every description of oil. Although many consider this advance to be caused by speculative operations, we have our reasons for thinking otherwise, nor do we anticipate any immediate decline -certainly not during the present year. This opinion we arrive at from the present state of stocks, importations and supplies. The advance in whale oil is unquestion ably the prominent point in the subject to be considered. Its advance has of course been altogether without precedent. Yet from causes precisely similar, sperm oil, in 1839-9, rose (from September, 1838, to April, 1839) from 85 to 112 cents. This was doubtless caused by well grounded anticipations of a deficiency in the supply. We will now glance at the present position of the same matter. Estimated import of sperm and whale oil this year.. Import of sperm and whale oil in 1851.... .bbls. Average import of sperm and whale for ten years past 155,000 428,000 372.900 273.000 217,000 We have here united the sperm and whale oil importations from the fact that within a few years the latter has quite taken the place of former for burning purposes. Now take the average consumption of both descriptions in this country for a period of seven years. It is as follows: Sperm oil, average consumption seven years. Whale oil, do.. Add average exports sperm for seven years. Total demand....... .bbls. 90,000 186,000 22.000 82,000 380,000 For a further understanding of the subject we may mention that the exports of sperm varied during the time included, from 7,000 to 33,000 bbls., and of whale from 46,000 to 143,000 bbls. It will be seen, then, at a glance, that the importations during the present year do not come up to within half the average demand for years past. Upon the back of this comes the falling off of the hog crop, occasioned both by the large emigration to California, the high price of corn, and other causes. There is thus a falling off in the quantity of lard oil manufactured. A review of the New Orleans market exhibits this conclusively. The export of lard thence to domestic and foreign ports has been as follows: In 1849... 1850. 1851... .barrels 249,938 310,969 147,791 The supply this year, from present appearances, will hardly exceed that of 1851. The anticipated deficiency in the market for domestic purposes has already caused reimportations of whale oil from Europe, and we hear already of the return of 2,500 bbls. shipped thither in 1851. Beyond the present year conjecture is useless. The average catch by the North Pacific fleet of 137 vessels, in 1851, was 683 bbls., or an aggregate of 86,721 bbls. The fleet this year consists of 271 ships, belonging to the following ports: Mattapoisett, Falmouth, San Francisco, each... Dartmouth, Wareham, Westport, Newport, Providence, each Nantucket... Greenport... New London. Stonington Mystic.... Sagharbor. It is useless to speculate upon what this large fleet may or may not do, but we think we have already said enough to show that the present state of the market may be attributed to sound, natural and healthy causes.-New Bedford Shipping List. THE BUTTER TRADE OF CINCINNATI. CINCINNATI, as we learn from the Price Current of that city, has become the great distributing point for Butter and Cheese for the South and South-West. As the pop ulation supplied from that point extends, we find, says the Price Current, the demand for these products increasing, and Cincinnati is now exporting nearly as much butter as is received by public conveyances, so that Cincinnati consumers are dependent upon private conveyances for their supplies. In order to show the extent and value of the butter trade, the Price Current gives the subjoined statement of the imports and exports at Cincinnati for the last seven years, as follows: During the year ending September 1st, 1852, the receipts and exports were about The consumption of Cincinnati and vicinity is not much, if any, less than four million pounds per annum; and if this estimate is correct, the receipts by private conveyances are about three million pounds-making six-and-a-half million pounds as the yearly supply from all sources. This quantity, at fifteen cents per pound, by which we think it is fair to compute the value, as all butter sold at retail commands from fifteen to thirty cents per pound, and the wholesale price is very often fifteen cents and upwards, would amount to $975,000. PRICES OF TOBACCO IN NEW ORLEANS. The New Orleans Price Current gives the subjoined table of the prices of Tobacco at New Orleans about the middle of the months of April and October, in each of the years from 1822 to 1852, inclusive. In the Merchants' Magazine for November, 1852, (vol. xxvii, pages 546-556,) we gave in an article on "TOBACCO, AND THE TOBACCO TRADE," very complete statistical tables of the production, exports, &c., of tobacco for a series of years QUOTATIONS FOR TOBACCO AT NEW ORLEANS ABOUT THE MIDDLE OF THE MONTHS OF APRIL AND OCTOBER IN THE FOLLOWING YEARS. THE PORK TRADE OF CINCINNATI. [FROM THE CINCINNATI PRICE-CURRENT.] More than any other branch of business connected with the Agricultural industry of the West, the pork trade has contributed to build up and extend the Commerce of our city. A brief reference to its progress will, therefore, be likely to prove interesting to our readers. Since the production of pork in the west became a matter of much importance to farmers or commercial men, Cincinnati has been the center of operations as regards the amount of the business transacted, though for three years past she has been a considerable distance from the geographical center, and with each year this distance is increasing, though practically our numerous railroad enterprises are diminishing it, and thus the advantages that the natural increase of population has been depriving us of, art and enterprise are replacing. A hundred miles now is, as regards the time or labor necessary to travel it, no more than fifteen miles was ten, or even five years ago. But, whatever may be said with reference to the center of packing operations, it is evident that the producing business is rapidly extending Westward-and although Cincinnati will continue to do a larger business than any other city in the country, the trade must increase greatly at various points in the West. Before proceeding farther, however, with these remarks, we will give a statement showing the number of hogs packed in this city from 1832-3 to 1851-2, inclusive, covering a period of twenty years, and Cincinnati having been, as already remarked, the center of operations, the extent of the trade here will indicate its progress throughout the West: It is seen that the number packed for three years past has not varied materially, though, as is well known, there was a great falling off in the whole number packed in the West in 1851-2. As near as can be ascertained, the number of hogs cut in Cincinnati has been equal for four or five years past to one-fifth of the whole number packed in the West, but prior to that time the proportion was considerably greater in favor of this city. This affords good and satisfactory grounds for the belief already expressed, that the trade must increase at points adjacent to the districts of country where hogs can be produced to the best advantage. As railroads are extended the value of lands is increased, and whenever the latter are in this way brought near to market, hogs have been found to be not generally the most profitable product. Consequently, the business of rais ng hogs is extending Westward, and increasing there much more rapidly than the population of those sections of country. In the same directions railroads are being extended, and it is to the latter that we must now look, to some extent; and in a few years to a still greater extent, for a considerable portion of the supplies for this market. The pork business is a branch of Commerce deemed of such importance, that the merchants of neighboring cities have, for several years past, been exerting themselves to attract the trade from this point, and since railroad communication has been opened with the East, New York has also entered the field, and the pretensions of the latter are decidedly more extravagant than those of our smaller neighbors down the river. That a large number of hogs will be transported to the East we do not doubt, but we are satisfied that, notwithstanding the railroad facilities, the number that can be forwarded will be little more than sufficient to supply the current demand. It must be remembered that railroads cannot transport an unlimited number of hogs. The New York and Erie Railroad, which is relied upon to supply the New York packers, has, during the summer, been employed to the utmost extent of its accommodations, and yet the number of hogs transported has been no more than equal to the demands |